2022-2023學(xué)年河南省漯河市問十鄉(xiāng)中學(xué)高三英語下學(xué)期期末試題含解析

2022-2023學(xué)年河南省漯河市問十鄉(xiāng)中學(xué)高三英語下學(xué)期期末試題含解析一、選擇題1.Manmustkeepinmindthatitwillbeyears______theearthrecoversfromthedamagehemakestoit.A.when

B.before

C.since

D.until參考答案：B考查狀語從句。before“在……之前；到……才；來不及”；根據(jù)句意“人類必須牢記要很多年地球才會從人們給它的損害中恢復(fù)”可知，選B。until表示“直到……才……”時，謂語動作到那時會結(jié)束。而“itwillbe+時間段+before”表示“要多久才會……”，符合句意。2.Itwasnotuntilmidnight

theyreachedthecampsite.

A.as

B.when

C.while

D.that參考答案：D略3.Asweallknow,Chinaisadevelopingcountry,_____attractingmoreandmoreforeigners．

A．theone

B．one

C．it

D．that參考答案：B4.______intoEnglish,thesentencewasfoundtohaveanentirelydifferentwordorder.

A.TranslatingB.TranslatedC.TotranslateD.Havingtranslated參考答案：B略5.You’dbetterwritedownherphonenumberbeforeyou___it.A.forgetB.areforgettingC.forgot

D.willgorget參考答案：A本題考察的是時態(tài)題中的一個?？嫉挠梅?。在時間狀語從句和條件狀語從句中，常常使用一般現(xiàn)在時代替將來時。本句中的連詞before引導(dǎo)的就是一個時間狀語從句，所以使用一般現(xiàn)在時代替將來時。句意：在你忘記之前最好把他的電話號碼寫下來。故A正確?！究键c】考察時態(tài)

6.—OK,here___________.—Thankyouforyourlift.Seeyoulater.A.arewe

B.isitC.weare

D.comesit參考答案：C【詳解】考查倒裝。上句：好的，我們到了。下句：謝謝你的禮物，再見。表示方位地點的here位于句子開頭，如果句子的主語是名詞，則用全部倒裝；如果句子的主語是人稱代詞，則不用倒裝。故選C。【點睛】完全倒裝：1.完全倒裝即把整個謂語放到主語之前（是整個謂語動詞，而非助動詞）。2.there引出的完全倒裝句：除了最常見的therebe句型以外，there還可以接appear,exist,lie,remain,seemtobe,stand等，一般都譯成"有"的含義，構(gòu)成完全倒裝句。3.由地點和時間副詞引出的完全倒裝句：以地點副詞here,there和時間副詞now,then開頭，后面的動詞是be,come,exist,fall,follow,go,lie,remain,seem,stand（表移動或動態(tài)的不及物動詞）等，而主語又是名詞時，構(gòu)成完全倒裝句。4.表示運動方向的副詞或地點狀語置于句首，謂語表示運動的動詞且主語是名詞時使用完全倒裝。7.Thegirls______intothecompanyrecentlyhavetoreceivestricttrainingbeforetheystarttowork.A.accepted

B.accepting

C.admitted

D.admitting參考答案：C8.Thegirlwhogotlostdecidedtoremain_______shewasandwaitedforhermother.

A.where

B.what

C.how

D.who參考答案：A略9.Why!Ihavenothingtoconfess.

youwantmetosay?A.Whatisitthat

B.Whatitisthat

C.Howisitthat

D.Howitisthat參考答案：A10.It'ssonicetohearfromheragain.

,welastmetmorethanthirtyyearsago.A.What'smore

B.That'stosay

C.Inotherwords

D.Believeitornot

參考答案：D11.Aftersomanyhardships,thescientist

hismotherlandatlast.A.setonhisfoot

B.setfooton

C.setfeeton

D.sethisfeeton參考答案：B略12.____therequestoffarmers,thegovernmentwilltakemeasurestohelpthemincreaseincomeA.infavorof

B.incontrastto

C.inresponseto

D.inexcessof參考答案：C13.Peterishelpingsettablesinthehall,whereJohn’sbirthdayparty

.A．isholding

B．hasheld

C．isheld

D．willbeheld參考答案：D14.I’lltakeseriously___________adviceyouputforward.

A.whatever

B.however

C.whichever

D.whenever參考答案：25.A.考查名詞性從句：賓語從句缺定語（無范圍）“無論你提出什么樣的建議，我都會當(dāng)回事?！?/p>

略15.Alotofpeoplewerestandingatthedooroftheclassroomandthelittlegirlcouldn’tget________.A.between

B.through

C.across

D.beyond參考答案：B16.—CanIgoouttoplaywithTom,Mum?

—Youhadbetternotuntilyou_______yourhomework．

A．finish

B．willfinish

C．havefinished

D．finished參考答案：C二、完型填空17.完型填空(共20小題，每小題1.5分，滿分30分)

閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，然后從31—50各題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項。WehadawonderfultendaysinIdahoandweredrivinghomeadayearlierthanwe’dplanned.Wejustwantedtohaveadayto

31

andprepareforourworkweeksahead.Littledidweknowtheeffectour

32

earlywouldhaveonsomeoneelse.Wesetoffataround1p.m.and

33

asmalltowncalledMarsing.About10milesontheothersideofMarsing,wesawthick34milesdowntheroadtowherewewere

35

Wespeededuptoseewhatwashappening,and

36

aBigRig(18-wheeledtruck)onfireandthedriverwassitting

37

onthesideoftheroad.Wewalkedoutofthecarandwenttooffer

38

.We39wenttothedriver,Basan,whowasanowner-operatorofthetruck,toseeifwecouldhelp.Hehadaseriousburnonhislefthandandshoulder.We

40

himdown,broughtourtowelstocoverhishandandsome

41tokeepitwetforhim.Thenweputhiminourcarandkepthimthere42emergencyvehicles(急救車)arrivedanhourlater.Basantoldushisengine

43

,andashestoppedthetrucktocoolitoff,itjustwentuptoflames.Hemanagedtogethiswallet,hiscellphoneandafireextinguisher(滅火器)outto

44

thefire,buthecouldn’tcontroltheflamesandthetruck__45__burnedtotheground.Basan,thoughfeelingterribleaboutwhathadhappened,wasvery__46__tobealiveandthatsomeonestayedwithhimandhelpedhim.Wehappenedtobethereandcouldhelphim,becausewedecidedtoleaveearly.Wasita(n)47

?Perhaps.Butwebelievethatsomethingjusthappenforreasons__48__ourunderstandingatthetime.Wealsobelievethatsometimes,challengesoropportunities

49

ourwaybecauseweneedtohelpothers.Thisexperiencewas50oneofthoseoccasionsforus.31.

A.rest B.pack C.recover D.practice32.

A.working B.preparing C.leaving D.planning33.

A.headedfor B.stayedin C.wentthrough D.searchedfor34.

A.forest B.cloud C.fog D.smoke35.

A.fueling B.driving C.visiting D.living36.

A.saved B.passed C.knocked D.discovered37.

A.silently B.helplessly C.angrily D.confusedly38.

A.assistance B.energy C.medicine D.comfort39.

A.eventually B.immediately C.frequently D.hesitatingly40.

A.let B.kept C.turned D.settled41.

A.water B.gasoline C.alcohol(酒精) D.ice42.

A.since B.incase C.until D.when43.

A.overturned B.overheated C.overloaded D.overran44.

A.prevent B.survive C.battle D.escape45.

A.somehow B.suddenly C.seemingly D.completely46.

A.positive B.grateful C.excited D.willing47.

A.coincidence B.arrangement C.adventure D.accident48.

A.upon B.within C.without D.beyond49.

A.block B.change C.come D.puzzle50.

A.probably B.favorably C.nearly D.mainly參考答案：31—35ACCDB

36—40DBABD41—45ACBCD

46—50BADCA三、閱讀理解18.

AprojectinGambiaisempoweringwomenandreducingdangerouswasteatthesametime.

TheWasteInnovationCenter,fundedbytheEuropeanUnion'sGlobalClimateChangeAlliance,showswomenintheBrikamaareahowtorecyclewasteintousefulmaterialsandproducts,whichtheycanthensellinlocalmarkets.

Wood-likewasteisrecycledintocharcoal(木炭),forexample,whichcanbeusedtosupersedefirewoodandreducethenumberoftreesthatarecutdownforfirewood.Foodwasteisrecycledintocompost(混合肥料)tofunctionasenvironmentallyfriendlyfertilizersandplasticisturnedintomanyusefulthings.

SupportedbyWasteAidUKandtheGambiaWomen'sInitiative(GWI),amongothers,theprojectprovideswomenwithskillstheycanusetobecomeself-sufficient(自給自足的).Womenlearningatthecentercomefromfivecommunities,andsomeofthemtravelasfaras12milestolearntheseimportantskillsthatwillprovidethemwithanincome,accordingtoTheGuardian.

IsatouCeesay,whonowleadstheGWI,highlightedtheneedtofocusoneconomicequalityinhercountry,tellingTheGuardian,"Intermsofeducation,womenaretheoneswhoarealwaysbehind.Boysarechosentogotoschool.Whenweconductourtraining,wefindwomencandoalot,butdon'tknowwhotheyare,orhowtocarryoutthings."

AccordingtotheWorldHealthOrganization'sCountryCooperationStrategy2018—2023report,themainenvironmentalissuefacingGambiaispoorwastemanagementinurbanareas.NdeySirengBakurin,executivedirectoroftheNationalEnvironmentAgency,hasvoicedconcernoverhealthandenvironmentalrisks,suchaswaterpollution,theincreaseofinsectsaswellasfloodingthatoccurasaresultofpoorwastemanagement.（1）WhatdoestheWasteInnovationCentertrytodo?

A.

DeveloplocalmarketsinBrikama.

B.

Teachwomenhowtoinventnewthings.

C.

Keepwomenawayfromdangerouswaste.

D.

HelpwomeninBrikamabenefitfromwaste.（2）Whatdoestheunderlinedword"supersede"inParagraph2probablymean?

A.

Replace.

B.

Transform.

C.

Burn.

D.

Reserve.（3）FromwhatIsatouCeesaysaidwecanlearnthatwomeninGambia___.

A.

don'tlearnnewthingsfast

B.

aren'tinterestedineducation

C.

reallyhopeforeconomicequality

D.

arenotfairlytreatedinthecountry（4）Whatisthewriter'spurposeofwritingthelastparagraph?

A.

Tosummarizethepreviousparagraphs.

B.

Toprovidesomeadviceforthereaders.

C.

Toaddsomebackgroundinformation.

D.

Tointroduceanewtopicfordiscussion.參考答案：（1）D

（2）A

（3）D

（4）C

【考點】推理判斷題，詞義猜測題，時文廣告類

【分析】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文，介紹了岡比亞的一個正在增強(qiáng)婦女權(quán)能，同時減少危險廢物的項目。

（1）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第二段中的“...showswomenintheBrikamaareahowtorecyclewasteintousefulmaterialsandproducts,whichtheycanthensellinlocalmarkets.”向brikama地區(qū)的婦女展示了如何將廢物回收到有用的材料和產(chǎn)品中,他們可以在當(dāng)?shù)厥袌錾铣鍪邸？芍xD。

（2）考查詞義猜測。根據(jù)第二段中的“

Wood-likewasteisrecycledintocharcoal(木炭),forexample,whichcanbeusedtosupersedefirewoodandreducethenumberoftreesthatarecutdownforfirewood.

”例如，木質(zhì)廢物被回收制成木炭,它可以用來取代木柴，減少被砍伐作為木柴的樹木的數(shù)量，可知選A。

（3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第五段中的“Intermsofeducation,womenaretheoneswhoarealwaysbehind.

Boysarechosentogotoschool.

”在教育方面，婦女總是落在后面。男孩被選去上學(xué)?？赏浦xD。

（4）考查目的意圖。根據(jù)最后一段中的“AccordingtotheWorldHealthOrganization'sCountryCooperationStrategy2018—2023report,themainenvironmentalissuefacingGambiaispoorwastemanagementinurbanareas.”根據(jù)衛(wèi)生組織2018到2023年國家合作戰(zhàn)略報告，岡比亞面臨的主要環(huán)境問題是城市地區(qū)廢物管理不力，可知作者寫這一段的目的是為這個項目增加一些背景信息，故選C。

【點評】本題考點涉及推理判斷，詞義猜測和寫作意圖三個題型的考查，是一篇介紹類閱讀，要求考生根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，從而選出正確答案。

19.第三部分:閱讀理解(共15小題;每小題2分,滿分30分)請認(rèn)真閱讀下列短文,從短文后各題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中,選出最佳選項,并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。56.TheleafletistoinformvisitorsofthePark’s________A.advancedmanagementB.thrillperformancesC.entertainmentfacilitiesD.thoughtfulservices57.AvisitortotheParkcan________.A.rentastrolleroutsideFrontGateB.askforfirstaidbyThunderRunC.smokeintheWaterParkD.leavehispetatKidZville

BWe’veconsideredseveralwaysofpayingtocutinline:hiringlinestanders,buyingticketsfromscalpers(票販子),orpurchasinglinecuttingprivilegesdirectlyfrom,say,anairlineoranamusementpark.Eachofthesedealsreplacesthemoralsofthequeue(waitingyourturn)withthemoralsofthemarket(payingapriceforfasterservice).

Marketsandqueues—payingandwaiting—aretwodifferentwaysofallocatingthings,andeachisappropriatetodifferentactivities.Themoralsofthequeue,“Firstcome,firstserved,”haveanegalitarian(平等主義的)appeal.Theytellustoignoreprivilege,power,anddeeppockets.Theprincipleseemsrightonplaygroundsandatbusstops.Butthemoralsofthequeuedonotgovernalloccasions.IfIputmyhouseupforsale,Ihavenodutytoacceptthefirstofferthatcomesalong,simplybecauseit’sthefirst.Sellingmyhouseandwaitingforabusaredifferentactivities,properlygovernedbydifferentstandards.Sometimesstandardschange,anditisunclearwhichprincipleshouldapply.Thinkoftherecordedmessageyouhear,playedoverandover,asyouwaitonholdwhencallingyourbank:“Yourcallwillbeansweredintheorderinwhichitwasreceived.”Thisisessentialforthemoralsofthequeue.It’sasifthecompanyistryingtoeaseourimpatiencewithfairness.Butdon’ttaketherecordedmessagetooseriously.Today,somepeople’scallsareansweredfasterthanothers.Callcentertechnologyenablescompaniesto“score”incomingcallsandtogivefasterservicetothosethatcomefromrichplaces.Youmightcallthistelephonicqueuejumping.

Ofcourse,marketsandqueuesarenottheonlywaysofallocatingthings.Somegoodswedistributebymerit,othersbyneed,stillothersbychance.However,thetendencyofmarketstoreplacequeues,andothernon-marketwaysofallocatinggoodsissocommoninmodernlifethatwescarcelynoticeitanymore.Itisstrikingthatmostofthepaidqueue-jumpingschemeswe’veconsidered—atairportsandamusementparks,incallcenters,doctors’offices,andnationalparks—arerecentdevelopments,scarcelyimaginablethreedecadesago.Thedisappearanceofthequeuesintheseplacesmayseemanunusualconcern,butthesearenottheonlyplacesthatmarketshaveentered.58.Accordingtotheauthor,whichofthefollowingseemsgovernedbytheprinciple“Firstcome,firstserved”?A.Takingbuses.B.Buyinghouses.C.Flyingwithanairline.D.Visitingamusementparks.59.TheexampleoftherecordedmessageinParagraphs4and5illustrates.A.thenecessityofpatienceinqueuingB.theadvantageofmoderntechnologyC.theuncertaintyofallocationprincipleD.thefairnessoftelephonicservices60.Thepassageismeantto.A.justifypayingforfasterservicesB.discussthemoralsofallocatingthingsC.analyzethereasonforstandinginlineD.criticizethebehaviorofqueuejumpingCIfadiversurfacestooquickly,hemaysufferthebends.Nitrogen(氮)dissolved(溶解)inhisbloodissuddenlyliberatedbythereductionofpressure.Theconsequence,ifthebubbles(氣泡)accumulateinajoint,issharppainandabentbody—thusthename.Ifthebubblesforminhislungsorhisbrain,theconsequencecanbedeath.

Otherair-breathinganimalsalsosufferthisdecompression(減壓)sicknessiftheysurfacetoofast:whales,forexample.Andso,longago,didichthyosaurs.Thattheseancientseaanimalsgotthebendscanbeseenfromtheirbones.Ifbubblesofnitrogenforminsidethebonetheycancutoffitsbloodsupply.Thiskillsthecellsinthebone,andconsequentlyweakensit,sometimestothepointofcollapse.Fossil(化石)bonesthathavecavedinonthemselvesarethusasignthattheanimaloncehadthebends.

BruceRothschildoftheUniversityofKansasknewallthiswhenhebeganastudyofichthyosaurbonestofindouthowwidespreadtheproblemwasinthepast.Whatheparticularlywantedtoinvestigatewashowichthyosaursadaptedtotheproblemofdecompressionoverthe150millionyears.Tothisend,heandhiscolleaguestraveledtheworld’snatural-historymuseums,lookingathundredsofichthyosaursfromtheTriassicperiodandfromthelaterJurassicandCretaceousperiods.Whenhestarted,heassumedthatsignsofthebendswouldberarerinyoungerfossils,reflectingtheirgradualevolutionofmeasurestodealwithdecompression.Instead,hewasastonishedtodiscovertheopposite.Morethan15%ofJurassicandCretaceousichthyosaurshadsufferedthebendsbeforetheydied,butnotasingleTriassicspecimen(標(biāo)本)showedevidenceofthatsortofinjury.

Ifichthyosaursdidevolveananti-decompressionmeans,theyclearlydidsoquickly—and,moststrangely,theylostitafterwards.ButthatisnotwhatDrRothschildthinkshappened.Hesuspectsitwasevolutioninotheranimalsthatcausedthechange.

Whalesthatsufferthebendsoftendosobecausetheyhavesurfacedtoescapeapredator(捕食動物)suchasalargeshark.OneofthefeaturesofJurassicoceanswasanabundanceoflargesharksandcrocodiles,bothofwhichwerefondofichthyosaurlunches.Triassicoceans,bycontrast,weremercifullyshark-andcrocodile-free.IntheTriassic,then,ichthyosaursweretopofthefoodchain.IntheJurassicandCretaceous,theywereprey(獵物)aswellaspredator—andoftenhadtomakeaspeedyexitasaresult.

61.Whichofthefollowingisatypicalsymptomofthebends?A.Atwistedbody.B.Agradualdecreaseinbloodsupply.C.Asuddenreleaseofnitrogeninblood.D.Adropinbloodpressure.62.ThepurposeofRothschild’sstudyistosee________.A.howoftenichthyosaurscaughtthebendsB.howichthyosaursadaptedtodecompressionC.whyichthyosaursbenttheirbodiesD.whenichthyosaursbroketheirbones63.Rothschild’sfindingstatedinParagraph4.A.confirmedhisassumptionB.speededuphisresearchprocessC.disagreedwithhisassumptionD.changedhisresearchobjectives64.Rothschildmighthaveconcludedthatichthyosaurs.A.failedtoevolveanantidecompressionmeansB.graduallydevelopedmeasuresagainstthebendsC.diedoutbecauseoflargesharksandcrocodilesD.evolvedanantidecompressionmeansbutsoonlostitDMarkTwainhasbeencalledtheinventoroftheAmericannovel.Andhesurelydeservesadditionalpraise:themanwhopopularizedthecleverliteraryattackonracism.Isaycleverbecauseanti-slaveryfictionhadbeentheimportantpartoftheliteratureintheyearsbeforetheCivilWar.H.B.Stowe’sUncleTom’sCabinisonlythemostfamousexample.Theseearlystoriesdealtdirectlywithslavery.Withminorexceptions,Twainplantedhisattacksonslaveryandprejudiceintotalesthatwereonthesurfaceaboutsomethingelseentirely.Hedrewhisreadersintotheargumentbydrawingthemintothestory.Againandagain,inthepostwaryears,Twainseemedforcedtodealwiththechallengeofrace.Considerthemostcontroversial,atleasttoday,ofTwain’snovels,AdventuresofHuckleberryFinn.OnlyafewbookshavebeenkickedofftheshelvesasoftenasHuckleberryFinn,Twain’smostwidelyreadtale.Onceuponatime,peoplehatedthebookbecauseitstruckthemasrude.Twainhimselfwrotethatthosewhobannedthebookconsideredthenovel“trashandsuitableonlyfortheslums(貧民窟).”MorerecentlythebookhasbeenattackedbecauseofthecharacterJim,theescapedslave,andmanyoccurrencesofthewordnigger.(ThetermNiggerJim,forwhichthenovelisoftenseverelycriticized,neverappearsinit.)

Buttheattackswereandaresilly—andmissthepoint.Thenovelisstronglyanti-slavery.Jim’ssearchthroughtheslavestatesforthefamilyfromwhomhehasbeenforciblypartedisheroic.AsJ.Chadwickhaspointedout,thecharacterofJimwasafirstinAmericanfiction—arecognitionthattheslavehadtwopersonalities,“thevoiceofsurvivalwithinawhiteslavecultureandthevoiceoftheindividual:Jim,thefatherandtheman.”

Thereismuchmore.Twain’smysterynovelPudd’nheadWilsonstoodasachallengetotheracialbeliefsofevenmanyoftheliberalsofhisday.WrittenatatimewhentheacceptedwisdomheldNegroestobeinferior(低等的)towhites,

especiallyinintelligence,Twain’stalecenteredinpartaroundtwobabiesswitchedatbirth.Aslavegavebirthtohermaster’sbabyand,forfearthatthechildshouldbesoldSouth,switchedhimforthemaster’sbabybyhiswife.Theslave’slight-skinnedchildwastakentobewhiteandgrewupwithboththeattitudesandtheeducationoftheslave-holdingclass.Themaster’swife’sbabywastakenforblackandgrewupwiththeattitudesandintonationsoftheslave.

Thepointwasdifficulttomiss:nurture(養(yǎng)育),notnature,wasthekeytosocialstatus.Thefeaturesoftheblackmanthatprovidedthestuffofprejudice—mannerofspeech,forexample—were,toTwain,indicativeofnothingotherthantheconditioningthatslaveryforcedonitsvictims.Twain’sracialtonewasnotperfect.Oneisleftuneasy,forexample,bythelengthypassageinhisautobiography(自傳)abouthowmuchhelovedwhatwerecalled“niggershows”inhisyouth—mostlywithwhitemenperforminginblack-face—andhisdelightingettinghismothertolaughatthem.YetthereisnoreasontothinkTwainsawtheshowsasrepresentingreality.