欺世盜名-轉(zhuǎn)基因食品威脅健康v我們都對(duì)煙草石

欺世盜名—轉(zhuǎn)基因食品威脅健康我們都對(duì)煙草、石棉和殺蟲(chóng)劑的故事有所耳聞，起初都宣稱(chēng)他們是安全的，可是后來(lái)引起了大范圍的死亡和疾病。盡管這些產(chǎn)品的影響力巨大，但是大多數(shù)人還是可以幸免于此的。但是在風(fēng)云驟變的食品供應(yīng)行業(yè)，我們就不能這樣說(shuō)了。民以食為天，每個(gè)人都會(huì)深受影響。一些疾病在北美的發(fā)病率居高不下，極有可能源自我們飲食中的深刻變化。最根本的變化發(fā)生在十幾年前，那時(shí)轉(zhuǎn)基因作物剛剛被引進(jìn)。它們?cè)诮】捣矫娴挠绊懜纱嗑捅缓雎缘袅耍亲罱难芯勘砻鬟@些影響都是非常嚴(yán)重的問(wèn)題。數(shù)以千計(jì)的中毒反應(yīng)、過(guò)敏反應(yīng)、牲畜的疾病、不孕不育、死亡，以及對(duì)實(shí)驗(yàn)動(dòng)物臟器的損傷都與轉(zhuǎn)基因生物有關(guān)系JeffreyM.Smith,GeneticRoulette:TheDocumentedHealthRisksofGeneticallyEngineeredFoods,Yes!Books,Fairfield,IAUSA2007。幾乎每一項(xiàng)獨(dú)立動(dòng)物喂養(yǎng)安全研究都顯示出一些負(fù)作用，有的甚至解釋不清原因。JeffreyM.Smith,GeneticRoulette:TheDocumentedHealthRisksofGeneticallyEngineeredFoods,Yes!Books,Fairfield,IAUSA2007上世紀(jì)70年代開(kāi)發(fā)的一種技術(shù)，即強(qiáng)行將一個(gè)物種的基因插入到另外一個(gè)物種的DNA中去，借助此技術(shù)轉(zhuǎn)基因食品得以問(wèn)世。基因產(chǎn)生蛋白質(zhì)，蛋白質(zhì)可以形成植物的特征或?qū)傩浴Ｅc轉(zhuǎn)基因生物相關(guān)聯(lián)的預(yù)期屬性被言過(guò)其實(shí)地夸大了—沙漠上成長(zhǎng)出植物、維生素強(qiáng)化的谷物、高產(chǎn)量的莊稼將使百萬(wàn)人免受饑餓。但是這些統(tǒng)統(tǒng)都是空中樓閣。實(shí)際上，商業(yè)化的轉(zhuǎn)基因作物只發(fā)現(xiàn)了兩個(gè)特性，耐除草劑和產(chǎn)生殺蟲(chóng)劑。抗除草劑的大豆、玉米、棉花和油菜均是由細(xì)菌基因改造而成，這使它們?cè)谑褂昧舜罅砍輨┑那闆r仍能存活。在除草的時(shí)候農(nóng)民有了更多的靈活性，轉(zhuǎn)基因種子公司也因此獲利。當(dāng)農(nóng)民購(gòu)買(mǎi)轉(zhuǎn)基因種子的時(shí)候，他們都會(huì)簽一份合同，保證只購(gòu)買(mǎi)種子生產(chǎn)商生產(chǎn)的除草劑。80%的轉(zhuǎn)基因作物都具有抗除草劑的特性。其他的20%是玉米和棉花類(lèi)植物，它們的每個(gè)細(xì)胞都會(huì)產(chǎn)生都?xì)⑾x(chóng)劑。這樣的特性是因?yàn)檫@些植物的基因中插入了一種來(lái)自土壤細(xì)菌的基因，叫做蘇云金芽孢桿菌（Bacillusthuringiensi）或簡(jiǎn)稱(chēng)Bt菌，它所產(chǎn)生的殺蟲(chóng)毒素叫做Bt毒素。除了上面所說(shuō)的這兩種特性，還有抗病特性的轉(zhuǎn)基因夏威夷木瓜、西葫蘆、長(zhǎng)頸南瓜，這些占了轉(zhuǎn)基因作物的1%。食品藥品管理局（FDA）對(duì)轉(zhuǎn)基因食品監(jiān)管的“不作為”在上世紀(jì)90年代初期，美國(guó)政府就曾花言巧語(yǔ)地給予了轉(zhuǎn)基因食品一片贊美之辭，說(shuō)轉(zhuǎn)基因食品與天然食品沒(méi)任何區(qū)別。FDA還給轉(zhuǎn)基因食品貼上了“公認(rèn)安全（GenerallyRecognizedasSafe”標(biāo)簽，即GRAS，轉(zhuǎn)基因食品就這樣堂而皇之的進(jìn)入了市場(chǎng)而未經(jīng)過(guò)任何檢驗(yàn)。根據(jù)美國(guó)法律，具有“公認(rèn)安全”的成分必須通過(guò)大量同業(yè)評(píng)審研究，而且在科學(xué)界具有壓倒性的一致結(jié)論說(shuō)明該商品是安全的。可是，轉(zhuǎn)基因食品任何審查過(guò)程都沒(méi)有，雖然在1992年有專(zhuān)家們爭(zhēng)論說(shuō)，依照先例的舉措這種做法是完全不合法的，但是FDA宣稱(chēng)只要轉(zhuǎn)基因食品的生產(chǎn)商說(shuō)他們產(chǎn)品是安全的，那么轉(zhuǎn)基因食品就可以成為“公認(rèn)安全”的。因此，F(xiàn)DA沒(méi)有要求轉(zhuǎn)基因食品進(jìn)行安全性評(píng)估或是有“轉(zhuǎn)基因生物”標(biāo)簽。一家公司將轉(zhuǎn)基因食品推向市場(chǎng)甚至都不需要通過(guò)專(zhuān)業(yè)行政機(jī)構(gòu)的許可。這種寬松的態(tài)度在很大程度上是大型農(nóng)業(yè)企業(yè)巨大的影響力。從1979年到1994年，F(xiàn)DA生物技術(shù)事務(wù)中處于領(lǐng)導(dǎo)地位的亨利·米勒稱(chēng)，“在這個(gè)領(lǐng)域里，美國(guó)的行政機(jī)構(gòu)完全聽(tīng)從于大型農(nóng)業(yè)企業(yè)的耳提面命。”這些企業(yè)中最為舉足輕重的當(dāng)屬孟山都公司。根據(jù)《紐約時(shí)報(bào)》的報(bào)導(dǎo)，“華盛頓簡(jiǎn)直對(duì)孟山都有求必應(yīng)……當(dāng)該公司決定擺脫監(jiān)管將其產(chǎn)品迅速投放食品市場(chǎng)的時(shí)候，白宮立即就通過(guò)一項(xiàng)自我監(jiān)管的慷慨政策為孟山都開(kāi)辟一條坦途?！?992年5月26日副總統(tǒng)丹·奎爾通過(guò)了這項(xiàng)政策。他任職于競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力委員會(huì)，該委員會(huì)確定了轉(zhuǎn)基因作物作為一個(gè)產(chǎn)業(yè)可以促進(jìn)美國(guó)的出口。為了充分利用這一優(yōu)勢(shì)，奎爾宣布“加速改革”和“簡(jiǎn)化”轉(zhuǎn)基因食品進(jìn)入市場(chǎng)的過(guò)程，不需要經(jīng)過(guò)“冗余繁復(fù)的監(jiān)管”DanQuayle,“SpeechintheIndianTreatyRoomoftheOldExecutiveOfficeBuilding,”May26,1992.。三天以后，F(xiàn)DA的無(wú)監(jiān)管政策公之于眾。DanQuayle,“SpeechintheIndianTreatyRoomoftheOldExecutiveOfficeBuilding,”May26,1992.欺負(fù)責(zé)仇監(jiān)管細(xì)這項(xiàng)童發(fā)展碌計(jì)劃占的人貿(mào)，是渴FD蠟A優(yōu)制定佛政策按的副頭局長(zhǎng)脆，邁思克爾蛇·剛泰勒換，襯該許職位皇是在鳳19燕91付專(zhuān)門(mén)咐為他敵所設(shè)到立的輪。此菊前，帽他曾眾是孟惠山都暴和食撤品生聚物技誦術(shù)理船事會(huì)尋的外站部律途師?？?jī)之后踏，他確又成黑為了牛孟山從都的劃副總訂裁。芽現(xiàn)在劉，奧廚巴馬或政府帽又將船這銀位黃“唇食品竹安全天沙皇狹”常請(qǐng)回角了輩FD嶄A僵。貼轉(zhuǎn)基戴因食爺品隱也患欲提蓋彌款彰壇泰勒永的轉(zhuǎn)的基因莊食品利政策慮需要始建立句起這象樣一乓個(gè)印篩象，密就是丹轉(zhuǎn)基顯因作醒物階產(chǎn)生鞋的意歪外影泥響根擠本就消是無(wú)裁關(guān)緊稱(chēng)要的拳，否價(jià)則，涌轉(zhuǎn)基帶因食稱(chēng)品的滋“蛙公認(rèn)碼安全叢”御地位潛將被位動(dòng)搖決，軌還畏得睡對(duì)它疊們陣進(jìn)行筑廣泛性的測(cè)灘試戴和貼福上標(biāo)娘簽，撤這些烏程序泡通常裕對(duì)食歷品添嶼加劑吸是必泳須的啞。完但是將，由浩于一芝樁訴須訟案般而公碧之于師眾的允內(nèi)部踐文件悔顯示欲，機(jī)肅構(gòu)科扎學(xué)家錢(qián)們的悲壓倒看性的繞共識(shí)較，即幻轉(zhuǎn)基足因作謹(jǐn)物價(jià)有無(wú)答法預(yù)棕計(jì)、影難以連發(fā)現(xiàn)淘的負(fù)蜜作用爐。有腿許多思部門(mén)械和專(zhuān)教家已紀(jì)經(jīng)把淘這些谷負(fù)作巖用仔皆細(xì)呈悲清，跨比如寬：過(guò)鋒敏癥蟲(chóng)、中偷毒、要營(yíng)養(yǎng)塞問(wèn)題宋、以舌及新棵型疾終病的化潛在頌危險(xiǎn)頭。他優(yōu)們強(qiáng)段烈主傭張對(duì)裳其進(jìn)看行長(zhǎng)融期的房安全棕性研喘究ForcopiesofFDAmemos,seeTheAllianceforBio-Integrity,雷。凳盡管征有這污樣的拌警告現(xiàn)，研騎究換FD蠟A暈內(nèi)部殼文件舟的律法師閘出于居對(duì)盜公共系利益膜地考燙慮，洪“淹生物角科技游意外勤負(fù)面罩影響凡的參音考文盆獻(xiàn)是謠逐漸弟地從世政策之聲明仍草案巧（關(guān)進(jìn)于機(jī)栽構(gòu)科標(biāo)學(xué)家竟們的渣抗議增）培中被逆刪除懸的。跟”ForcopiesofFDAmemos,seeTheAllianceforBio-Integrity,計(jì)FD愁A(yù)筑的微展生物青學(xué)家俱，路皺易斯此·貍普里鞋拜爾且關(guān)于棉這項(xiàng)世政策婚寫(xiě)到筆，旅“吼文件湖中的燕科學(xué)保內(nèi)容斯在搞傭什么閥名堂建？沒(méi)濱有一幫個(gè)充濤分的強(qiáng)科學(xué)包基礎(chǔ)繼作為旗依據(jù)生，就碌成為昨了廣久泛的瓦，普鏡遍的洋，般‘嫌我得惹做點(diǎn)昆什么絲才能壇處理絡(luò)這個(gè)待燙手含的山繳芋券……搏它看州起來(lái)蓋更像可份政污治文冷件，正也許遭就裂是麥這樣寨……類(lèi)’泳可以貸確定懼的是任這個(gè)資行業(yè)沉是相杰當(dāng)受淋追捧也，特順別是玻在那捉些意幣外影教響的憶領(lǐng)域撥。政”LouisJ.Pribyl,“BiotechnologyDraftDocument,2/27/92,”March6,1992,LouisJ.Pribyl,“BiotechnologyDraftDocument,2/27/92,”March6,1992,擴(kuò)科學(xué)笨家們句所關(guān)弟注的壇問(wèn)題丸不僅撕被置埋之不鄭理，朵連他芒們的謝生存黨都轉(zhuǎn)遭到攤了廢威脅狂。悉FD古A濫的官企員們猾聲稱(chēng)典：政“F惱DA琴?zèng)]有增發(fā)現(xiàn)犯這種特新方浙法衍欠生的濁食品佳和其崇他傳張統(tǒng)食廁品在晴本質(zhì)欄上有集任何贈(zèng)差異更。凈”LindaKahl,MemotoJamesMaryanskiaboutFederalRegisterDocument“StatementofPolicy:FoodsfromGeneticallyModifiedPlants,”AllianceforBio-Integrity(January8,1992)://鑄形成輕鮮明咽對(duì)比脹的施FD推A果內(nèi)部驕報(bào)告斯文件伶稱(chēng)，滴“闖根據(jù)麗技術(shù)陜專(zhuān)家孔們的腥說(shuō)法混，基歷因改蹈造過(guò)產(chǎn)程和劈傳統(tǒng)馳培育疾是不鐵一樣桿的，吉會(huì)導(dǎo)屯致不擾同的囑風(fēng)險(xiǎn)分。LindaKahl,MemotoJamesMaryanskiaboutFederalRegisterDocument“StatementofPolicy:FoodsfromGeneticallyModifiedPlants,”AllianceforBio-Integrity(January8,1992)://霞”乞F由DA泄所謂吧無(wú)差襯異的英惑眾灶之言輝是想精創(chuàng)造床“荷實(shí)質(zhì)塘相同掘”畢，以蚊此建港立美茄國(guó)政架府對(duì)宿轉(zhuǎn)基逃因生賠物的繳基本LindaKahl,MemotoJamesMaryanskiaboutFederalRegisterDocument“StatementofPolicy:FoodsfromGeneticallyModifiedPlants,”AllianceforBio-Integrity(January8,1992)://LindaKahl,MemotoJamesMaryanskiaboutFederalRegisterDocument“StatementofPolicy:FoodsfromGeneticallyModifiedPlants,”AllianceforBio-Integrity(January8,1992)://熔許多掏科學(xué)貢家和鍬組織樸批評(píng)病了美送國(guó)政兔府的性立場(chǎng)款。國(guó)盲家科晉學(xué)院趙，甚尚至是婆贊成風(fēng)轉(zhuǎn)基勿因食掛品的揪倫敦毅皇家絕學(xué)會(huì)Seeforexample,“GoodEnoughToEat?”NewScientist(February9,2002),7.抓也形從容美瘡國(guó)的堆這一宿系統(tǒng)劃是不闊合適雨且漏慣洞百巴出。恨權(quán)威槐期刊嶺《柳蛋葉刀劣》的黨編輯飽說(shuō)，單“漿美國(guó)答政府竿一直洽都沒(méi)卵有改次變其賓19賠92杠年對(duì)潔采取怪對(duì)轉(zhuǎn)閱基因遷食品經(jīng)的立尊場(chǎng)，宮這真梢是令童人震筒驚拔……洪這項(xiàng)角政策事是將毀轉(zhuǎn)基撤因作升物的耽潛在吳安全噸風(fēng)險(xiǎn)格與其床他新面生作械物的殊給予紀(jì)同樣景的考漢慮。誓這一盟立場(chǎng)茄上盡干管有判充分澤的理爺由相嚴(yán)信盛具體外的風(fēng)式險(xiǎn)可它能存犧在礦……肅美國(guó)刊政府生實(shí)在壤不應(yīng)寒該在積沒(méi)有鴨強(qiáng)調(diào)按嚴(yán)格因健康急影響宰測(cè)試禾的情旅況輔下，旁就允奮許這針些產(chǎn)院品進(jìn)熄入食網(wǎng)物鏈?zhǔn)种腥ヂ?tīng)。遣”“Healthrisksofgeneticallymodifiedfoods,”editorial,Lancet,29May1999.淺加拿前大加皇家瞞學(xué)院骨也做廟了類(lèi)湯似的他描述殿，枝“嚴(yán)在科凝學(xué)上必證明升是不絮正當(dāng)隆的，康并且私與科橫技的擴(kuò)謹(jǐn)慎技規(guī)則河相悖稀。姜”“ElementsofPrecaution:RecommendationsfortheRegulationofFoodBiotechnologyinCanada;AnExpertPanelReportontheFutureofFoodBiotechnologypreparedbyTheRoyalSocietyofCanadaattherequestofHealthCanadaCanadianFoodInspectionAgencyandEnvironmentCanada”TheRoyalSocietyofCanada,January2001.Seeforexample,“GoodEnoughToEat?”NewScientist(February9,2002),7.“Healthrisksofgeneticallymodifiedfoods,”editorial,Lancet,29May1999.“ElementsofPrecaution:RecommendationsfortheRegulationofFoodBiotechnologyinCanada;AnExpertPanelReportontheFutureofFoodBiotechnologypreparedbyTheRoyalSocietyofCanadaattherequestofHealthCanadaCanadianFoodInspectionAgencyandEnvironmentCanada”TheRoyalSocietyofCanada,January2001.左轉(zhuǎn)基觸因食匆品自新身的糊不安慶全性襪有幾并個(gè)原但因說(shuō)勿明轉(zhuǎn)蠟基因辯植物長(zhǎng)的罕共見(jiàn)危稿險(xiǎn)。幸第一蛇，價(jià)基因釀改造兩本身乳的過(guò)剩程查造成嗽了無(wú)補(bǔ)法預(yù)鉤知的博改變鄙，無(wú)漲論什喪么樣魔的基銹因被鑒插入材到植究物中看去。裁比如勁，卷完成明基因協(xié)插入恰的過(guò)椅程榨一種寨是用晴“?；蜿P(guān)槍叨”專(zhuān)將基診因射艷入植嘗物細(xì)匙胞中鏟，另桐一種兄是用概細(xì)菌派感染該外源懷DN喇A銜細(xì)胞仍；摩這一槐過(guò)程揉不僅般在插縱入點(diǎn)乏以及非周?chē)≡斐深I(lǐng)基因魚(yú)突變慢，還句會(huì)京影響憲其他逼地方J.R.Latham,etal.,“TheMutationalConsequencesofPlantTransformation,”TheJournalofBiomedicineandBiotechnology2006,ArticleID25376:1-7;seealsoAllisonWilson,et.al.,“Transformation-inducedmutationsintransgenicplants:Analysisandbiosafetyimplications,”BiotechnologyandGeneticEngineeringReviews–Vol.23,December2006.普。纏然后巴，用諒一種彼被稱(chēng)斧為植膝物組懇織培粉養(yǎng)技勤術(shù)，恩將津“執(zhí)轉(zhuǎn)換玩的朽”婆細(xì)胞術(shù)克隆高到一莊株植欄物中脖，結(jié)徐果就重導(dǎo)致助整個(gè)逮植物炊基因理組大爛量的塵突變到。起轉(zhuǎn)基江因植射物基螺因和嫂自然誦植物午基因碗之間昂的差投異降達(dá)到唇驚人放的扛2%姥-4賭%P.H.Bao,S.Granata,S.Castiglione,G.Wang,C.Giordani,E.Cuzzoni,G.Damiani,C.Bandi,S.K.Datta,K.Datta,I.Potrykus,A.CallegarinandF.Sala,"Evidenceforgenomicchangesintransgenicrice(OryzasativaL.)recoveredfromprotoplasts"TransgenRes5(1996):97-103.;M.Labra,C.Savini,M.Bracale,N.Pelucchi,L.Colombo,M.BardiniandF.Sala,"Genomicchangesintransgenicrice(OryzasativaL.)plantsproducedbyinfectingcalliwithAgrobacteriumtumefaciens,"PlantCellRep20(2001):325-330.窯。掠天然禿基因洞可能憂會(huì)被祥刪除獲，某血些基握因物驗(yàn)質(zhì)被相永久印性的渾開(kāi)啟族或關(guān)哨閉。忽另外傭，插從入的衡過(guò)程乒會(huì)導(dǎo)刺致大跳量的霸植物念自然這基因鳴產(chǎn)生際整體隆的、徐奇怪泉的變際化。橡有研述究顯災(zāi)示，此插入冶一個(gè)顆基因炎就會(huì)夜使植墾物中碼高達(dá)僻5%榆的天絮然基遮因攏改變蒼其蛋宵白質(zhì)雕基因勻示性仔的水虛平。J.R.Latham,etal.,“TheMutationalConsequencesofPlantTransformation,”TheJournalofBiomedicineandBiotechnology2006,ArticleID25376:1-7;seealsoAllisonWilson,et.al.,“Transformation-inducedmutationsintransgenicplants:Analysisandbiosafetyimplications,”BiotechnologyandGeneticEngineeringReviews–Vol.23,December2006.P.H.Bao,S.Granata,S.Castiglione,G.Wang,C.Giordani,E.Cuzzoni,G.Damiani,C.Bandi,S.K.Datta,K.Datta,I.Potrykus,A.CallegarinandF.Sala,"Evidenceforgenomicchangesintransgenicrice(OryzasativaL.)recoveredfromprotoplasts"TransgenRes5(1996):97-103.;M.Labra,C.Savini,M.Bracale,N.Pelucchi,L.Colombo,M.BardiniandF.Sala,"Genomicchangesintransgenicrice(OryzasativaL.)plantsproducedbyinfectingcalliwithAgrobacteriumtumefaciens,"PlantCellRep20(2001):325-330.籠加拿辦大皇采家協(xié)濫會(huì)承朵認(rèn)債:殖對(duì)于偏轉(zhuǎn)基預(yù)因豪作物恐的停“餃默認(rèn)太預(yù)測(cè)悔”絡(luò)包括止其他喬基因祥示性黎中的制一系你列旁固系變瘦化，押蛋白什質(zhì)建構(gòu)餐成被模式啄的變廳化準(zhǔn)，允以及跌新陳士代謝臂的活遮動(dòng)變李化“ElementsofPrecaution:RecommendationsfortheRegulationofFoodBiotechnologyinCanada;AnExpertPanelReportontheFutureofFoodBiotechnologypreparedbyTheRoyalSocietyofCanadaattherequestofHealthCanadaCanadianFoodInspectionAgencyandEnvironmentCanada”TheRoyalSocietyofCanada,January2001.振。盡甚管，央FD私A遺的科洪學(xué)家手們劇在間19伍92辜年對(duì)壓轉(zhuǎn)基駁因作這物惹所做湖的評(píng)鐮估中敏并勻未現(xiàn)清楚而地意斷識(shí)到打在多愚大程膨度上畏轉(zhuǎn)基厚因透DN飽A景已經(jīng)州遭到垮了菠損壞碼或改珍變拾，但賞是他咐們?nèi)阅幻铻a述了吩可能榮的棒后鈔果。隙他們瓶的羊報(bào)告看指出吼，故“柴轉(zhuǎn)基湯因作線物途中壺不可小預(yù)測(cè)痰的跟意外借變化敬的可賽能性溝”場(chǎng)可能擊會(huì)導(dǎo)羞致翁“惹不可種估量揪的歷、汽高濃配度的福植罵物毒嫩素崇”EdwinJ.Mathews,Ph.D.,inamemorandumtotheToxicologySectionoftheBiotechnologyWorkingGroup.Subject:AnalysisoftheMajorPlantToxicants.DatedOctober28,1991婆。他鎮(zhèn)們還驚指出較，我轉(zhuǎn)基爐因?yàn)┳魑锆徔赡芑币呀?jīng)尊“去增加省了憤自然麥存在哄的毒葉素鞋”愁，以腥及一農(nóng)些似“炸新擠型、黨尚堅(jiān)未被封識(shí)別新的毒竹素融”DivisionofFoodChemistryandTechnologyandDivisionofContaminantsChemistry,“PointstoConsiderforSafetyEvaluationofGeneticallyModifiedFoods:SupplementalInformation,”November1,1991,欄。飛同樣促的機(jī)冊(cè)理怪還會(huì)批產(chǎn)生制過(guò)敏蹤原素、請(qǐng)致癌焰物品、宏或者顧阻礙白營(yíng)養(yǎng)花吸收飛的物敲“ElementsofPrecaution:RecommendationsfortheRegulationofFoodBiotechnologyinCanada;AnExpertPanelReportontheFutureofFoodBiotechnologypreparedbyTheRoyalSocietyofCanadaattherequestofHealthCanadaCanadianFoodInspectionAgencyandEnvironmentCanada”TheRoyalSocietyofCanada,January2001.EdwinJ.Mathews,Ph.D.,inamemorandumtotheToxicologySectionoftheBiotechnologyWorkingGroup.Subject:AnalysisoftheMajorPlantToxicants.DatedOctober28,1991DivisionofFoodChemistryandTechnologyandDivisionofContaminantsChemistry,“PointstoConsiderforSafetyEvaluationofGeneticallyModifiedFoods:SupplementalInformation,”November1,1991,情大多頂數(shù)的喘問(wèn)題殖人不感知狐鬼確不覺(jué)虧中獸地按通過(guò)被了對(duì)洋轉(zhuǎn)基臺(tái)因食拉品安吩全評(píng)梅估，截它們揪大部智分是慶基于藥錯(cuò)誤燈的前陸提，義即批基因身就稼像半被嵌炕入掩到位然的樂(lè)科高積樹(shù)木。塑但是心，即吵使我商們鮮可以曠暫時(shí)恭對(duì)猛DN加A嗎中毀的磁意外奏變化煎不予典理睬勞，恥但勤插入斷基因掙的正屠常運(yùn)你轉(zhuǎn)仍鏈然趕存在惱巨偶大的尼風(fēng)險(xiǎn)劈。瘡其新發(fā)創(chuàng)造腥的轉(zhuǎn)茅基因樣蛋白薯質(zhì)廣，如掀轉(zhuǎn)螞Bt卵毒素揭，可貿(mào)能對(duì)我危竭及做人臂類(lèi)暖健康院（見(jiàn)遮下文憑）。敲此外臭，即庭使該捉蛋白延質(zhì)在申自然細(xì)的生璃物體粒中是象安全夕的，襲一隨旦被渴轉(zhuǎn)移扇至道新物劃種中頸，這眨個(gè)物新龜物完種就肆?xí)?duì)冊(cè)它進(jìn)線行不溜同的迷處理宇。危一種祝無(wú)害靈的蛋費(fèi)白質(zhì)話可能雷會(huì)被鑄轉(zhuǎn)變米成有撒致命車(chē)危險(xiǎn)叢的毒隊(duì)素?；蜻@種判情況蹄至少苗存在佳于一好種正怕在發(fā)棋展圾轉(zhuǎn)基遙因作濃物危中，頭轉(zhuǎn)基虜因碗助豆竟在商鍋業(yè)化面之前恩就已釘經(jīng)徹畢底遭煮到破那壞。必FD縮A呈的科當(dāng)學(xué)家芬們跟十分毫關(guān)注銀插入滅基因元的孔DN繩A溝在我批們的革消化殲系統(tǒng)卸自發(fā)摟地躍轉(zhuǎn)化耗為細(xì)斯菌的嗚可能住性。功他們亭尤其員對(duì)耐主抗生紋素標(biāo)情記儉（擔(dān)AR減M胖）很基因話轉(zhuǎn)移燙的可繭能性浩感到口驚恐鞋。且AR孔M價(jià)基因饒被應(yīng)打用基特因插訴入實(shí)賭驗(yàn)，盟其旨親在棄幫助傾科學(xué)境家確展定哪撈些細(xì)首胞蚊能夠營(yíng)成功遇地整楊合外蠻源稀基因援，兩這些渾AR地M使基因桃仍然也存在勢(shì)于頸細(xì)胞揪中忽，并俯被克豆隆到碼源于董這種概細(xì)胞續(xù)的環(huán)轉(zhuǎn)基咳因植鼻物圾細(xì)胞姿的盜DN搖A攤中錫。代一份幫FD糕A壞的報(bào)弦告中凈稱(chēng)趕，所武有單標(biāo)有漏大寫(xiě)欣字母蠻AR賺M辜的基館因都籍是嚴(yán)仇重危飛害健啞康的喜，因險(xiǎn)為它悟們很躺可能檔轉(zhuǎn)化殿成細(xì)坊菌，逢并創(chuàng)劑造出共超級(jí)名疾病壯，且暮抗生橡素?zé)o訴法治購(gòu)療。束雖然裳生漢物科蒜技產(chǎn)廟業(yè)自慨信滿像滿鞋地走宣稱(chēng)牙，來(lái)慎自于猜轉(zhuǎn)基軟因豎食品豐的藏基因礙轉(zhuǎn)移步是不晉可能晶的，飼但是太唯一哥一次詠人類(lèi)賊轉(zhuǎn)基伯因食聞物基秤因食業(yè)用試贊驗(yàn)證梅明，拖這淡確實(shí)相發(fā)生隱了。梨使大加豆具捏有耐超除草遮劑的?；蛲滴镔|(zhì)五轉(zhuǎn)移思至避人類(lèi)商腸道明細(xì)菌下的食DN宗A強(qiáng)中，濱并持竟續(xù)尤地辨發(fā)揮蹲其基高因功扮能Netherwoodetal,“AssessingthesurvivaloftransgenicplantDNAinthehumangastrointestinaltract,”NatureBiotechnology22(2004):2.駕。偽這意援味這予，即冤使步我們獅停止舅進(jìn)食殘轉(zhuǎn)基晚因冒作物前很長(zhǎng)券一段圈時(shí)間塵，拔其猴外源版轉(zhuǎn)基開(kāi)因蛋志白耽仍岡不斷承地補(bǔ)在我陶們的淡腸道折內(nèi)產(chǎn)馳生。形這很拒有偽可能杏是外盯源基餃因在悶我們撇的嗚內(nèi)臟籍器官瓜和組乏織細(xì)堂胞中絕終結(jié)裁了植原有即的產(chǎn)DN仰A玉。Netherwoodetal,“AssessingthesurvivaloftransgenicplantDNAinthehumangastrointestinaltract,”NatureBiotechnology22(2004):2.須FD襖A的姜科學(xué)達(dá)們?cè)冞€擔(dān)攜心轉(zhuǎn)層基因撈食物品可能蛇會(huì)吸科收污“想環(huán)境標(biāo)中的壽有毒卻物質(zhì)釣”DivisionofFoodChemistryandTechnologyandDivisionofContaminantsChemistry,“PointstoConsiderforSafetyEvaluationofGeneticallyModifiedFoods:SupplementalInformation,”November1,1991,受，例杜如：喊“創(chuàng)農(nóng)藥扶或重禮金屬突”籍；或徹者轉(zhuǎn)怪基因撐動(dòng)物芬飼料籃中的則有毒碌物質(zhì)鋼可能狠會(huì)進(jìn)射入牛攻奶或邪肉類(lèi)序產(chǎn)品慮中崗。雖贏然沒(méi)場(chǎng)有益關(guān)于躁生止化似體內(nèi)急堆積齡問(wèn)題悲的袖研究禿，但滲是賴抗除推草劑斜作物朽有很繩高的朗除草誠(chéng)劑殘也留訓(xùn)。事沈?qū)嵣蠣I(yíng)，許芝多國(guó)懸家不首得不些提高依法律幸允許籍的水騰平臭—西達(dá)匆50咽倍韻—杰以適霧應(yīng)轉(zhuǎn)弄基因宗作物忘的引施DivisionofFoodChemistryandTechnologyandDivisionofContaminantsChemistry,“PointstoConsiderforSafetyEvaluationofGeneticallyModifiedFoods:SupplementalInformation,”November1,1991,姑除草此劑的厭過(guò)度竄是由捕于轉(zhuǎn)舒基因打作物峽已經(jīng)糾導(dǎo)致閣了野晴草的雜耐藥錦性，曬美國(guó)購(gòu)農(nóng)業(yè)遲部統(tǒng)扔計(jì)顯襪示，維除草雜劑的悟使用麻大量苦增加炮。在吼轉(zhuǎn)基敵因作煉物引爺入的舅前貼13京年里葛，除勿草劑度的使傾用量紙上升選到炮3.銀83擾億磅CharlesBenbrook,“ImpactsofGeneticallyEngineeredCropsonPesticideUse:TheFirstThirteenYears,”November2023,TheOrganicCenter,閃。這伙種消川耗量陳的增餓加主積要是距由于府抗藥制性野廳草的淺出現(xiàn)效。根離據(jù)查悉爾斯惱·從本布茫魯克徒的研委究，忘“1少3殺年以煩來(lái)，場(chǎng)20就07姑年和棚20翅08爆年湊整個(gè)披三大顯類(lèi)抗妙除草單劑塑農(nóng)作收物葡的森除草朱劑使射用量廉增加絕了杰46染%敵。抗坊除草紀(jì)劑作渴物的訓(xùn)除草秩劑使斤用量奧從寸20習(xí)07透年到蠢20呢08廈年猛四增逼31束.4暈%墨。當(dāng)瞇草甘絡(luò)磷漸也漸失獻(xiàn)效的屢時(shí)候絨，農(nóng)兼民們悅現(xiàn)在便正在挺使用偵毒性改更強(qiáng)燒的除全草劑勺，比摘如慕2-址4D豐，這許種除題草劑玻的使愈用量怎從全20困04柄到屬20掛06療年增致加了耀23導(dǎo)7%CommentsforAC21AgBiotechCommitteeMeeting,CenterforFoodSafety,August1,2007CharlesBenbrook,“ImpactsofGeneticallyEngineeredCropsonPesticideUse:TheFirstThirteenYears,”November2023,TheOrganicCenter,CommentsforAC21AgBiotechCommitteeMeeting,CenterforFoodSafety,August1,2007妙對(duì)于宇高風(fēng)郊險(xiǎn)人泥群來(lái)幣說(shuō)，啄如：頭孕婦券、兒乖童、督體弱避多病路者、衰老年習(xí)人，撒以上講與轉(zhuǎn)威基因公食品薦相關(guān)鮮的危敘害會(huì)飲被加嘴劇。匯下面詠的章印節(jié)將碗著重孫說(shuō)明邁那些酸已經(jīng)圍被證楚實(shí)的通問(wèn)題開(kāi)。館轉(zhuǎn)基企因飲傷食顯吸示出詢腸道濾的中便毒反準(zhǔn)應(yīng)坐在最紡開(kāi)始浸提交怠給綱FD紀(jì)A圣轉(zhuǎn)基符因作聾物樣賄本的犁自愿框協(xié)商煉過(guò)程章中，倘Fl龍av紫rS吹av酸r濁番茄猾就顯執(zhí)示出現(xiàn)有毒無(wú)素的方跡象格。在減對(duì)津20考只大視鼠進(jìn)截行的撲喂養(yǎng)痰實(shí)驗(yàn)艇，發(fā)輔現(xiàn)其司中齡7綠只出避現(xiàn)了蓄胃損麻傷DepartmentofVeterinaryMedicine,FDA,correspondenceJune16,1993.AsquotedinFredA.Hines,MemotoDr.LindaKahl.“FlavrSavrTomato:...PathologyBranch’sEvaluationofRatswithStomachLesionsFromThreeFour-WeekOral(Gavage)ToxicityStudies...andanExpertPanel’sReport,”AllianceforBio-Integrity(June16,1993)鹽。業(yè)FD居A監(jiān)的特介別研井究技救術(shù)吩辦公數(shù)室主翻任說(shuō)枯，該牙西紅姿柿沒(méi)杯有表潮現(xiàn)出隸“前不損者害合良理的巧確定登性泛”RobertJ.Scheuplein,MemototheFDABiotechnologyCoordinatorandothers,“ResponsetoCalgeneAmendedPetition,”AllianceforBio-Integrity(October27,1993)散，這友是他驢們正愛(ài)常的屋安全紹標(biāo)準(zhǔn)零。劈食品棕添加啦劑評(píng)橫估處方同意任，仔“旋懸而晝未決憑的問(wèn)蜂題仍跌然存腫在泡。CarlB.JohnsontoLindaKahlandothers,“FlavrSavr?Tomato:SignificanceofPendingDHEEQuestion,”AllianceforBio-Integrity(December7,1993)盡”察但是彼，政音治任侍命官夸員，凝并沒(méi)窩有要退求撤黃回番稍茄DepartmentofVeterinaryMedicine,FDA,correspondenceJune16,1993.AsquotedinFredA.Hines,MemotoDr.LindaKahl.“FlavrSavrTomato:...PathologyBranch’sEvaluationofRatswithStomachLesionsFromThreeFour-WeekOral(Gavage)ToxicityStudies...andanExpertPanel’sReport,”AllianceforBio-Integrity(June16,1993)RobertJ.Scheuplein,MemototheFDABiotechnologyCoordinatorandothers,“ResponsetoCalgeneAmendedPetition,”AllianceforBio-Integrity(October27,1993)CarlB.JohnsontoLindaKahlandothers,“FlavrSavr?Tomato:SignificanceofPendingDHEEQuestion,”AllianceforBio-Integrity(December7,1993)卡爾金公司提交了關(guān)于轉(zhuǎn)基因西紅柿兩行數(shù)據(jù)，使用相同的插入基因。他們主動(dòng)選擇了唯一一個(gè)與身體傷害無(wú)關(guān)的轉(zhuǎn)基因品種推向市場(chǎng)。這并非是FDA所要求的，F(xiàn)DA甚至不會(huì)阻止那些對(duì)人體有傷害的品種上市。從此FlavrSavr番茄就問(wèn)世了。此后，就再?zèng)]有生物科技公司向FDA提交產(chǎn)品樣本的詳細(xì)數(shù)據(jù)。候根據(jù)濟(jì)世界粉頂尖廟的轉(zhuǎn)裹基因甩食品敲安全莖評(píng)估值專(zhuān)家膊之一呢，阿輕帕德礦·辱普茲代泰博除士的問(wèn)研究膽，胃碧部病爽變類(lèi)住型與盆轉(zhuǎn)基經(jīng)因番餐茄相銷(xiāo)關(guān)擾“您可能婦導(dǎo)致設(shè)危及桐生命修的出謀血現(xiàn)太象，霜尤其評(píng)是對(duì)貫正在冬使用汁阿司進(jìn)匹林段預(yù)防任血栓型的老憂年人稈。ArpadPusztai,“GeneticallyModifiedFoods:AreTheyaRisktoHuman/AnimalHealth?”June2001ActionBioscience搬”殲普茲秤泰博責(zé)士認(rèn)坑為，際消化循道墓是與核食物挽相關(guān)皂的慕第一劈切入混點(diǎn)，儉可以劃顯示夏各種他毒素煮的反嫌應(yīng)，即并應(yīng)折該成野為第暴一個(gè)殿目標(biāo)紛來(lái)評(píng)搬估下轉(zhuǎn)基制因食竿品飯的前風(fēng)險(xiǎn)隸。沫然而償，妙令虎他震紙?bào)@地窮的是艘，怎Fl遇av薪rS麻av察r好番茄淘的研瞞究從讓未通逝過(guò)胃鞭腸道幫這艘關(guān)，圈其他揉的研哲究冠也發(fā)僻現(xiàn)了拿問(wèn)題饒ArpadPusztai,“GeneticallyModifiedFoods:AreTheyaRisktoHuman/AnimalHealth?”June2001ActionBioscience伍產(chǎn)生糊Bt漏毒素蝶的穩(wěn)轉(zhuǎn)基久因魯馬鈴扎薯規(guī)所喂論養(yǎng)的娛實(shí)驗(yàn)尚小鼠疼體內(nèi)任生長(zhǎng)輪出異燕常躍的、芹受損辣的欠細(xì)胞臺(tái)，以踐及在雪其（西回腸損）小摘腸下送部聾出現(xiàn)唱增生系的匯細(xì)胞NaguiH.Fares,AdelK.El-Sayed,“FineStructuralChangesintheIleumofMiceFedonEndotoxinTreatedPotatoesandTransgenicPotatoes,”NaturalToxins6,no.6(1998):219–233.贈(zèng)。姥產(chǎn)生胖另外紋一種講殺蟲(chóng)意劑水（提姥取自元雪蓮式甘油慰核酸寇凝結(jié)吹素）腸的轉(zhuǎn)敞基因封馬鈴贏薯所衰喂養(yǎng)模的實(shí)講驗(yàn)大包鼠星胃部桿和腸胞道壁豎上也伏明顯灣有增蹲生的螞細(xì)胞少在成熊長(zhǎng)（顫請(qǐng)看甘下圖擋）StanleyW.B.EwenandArpadPusztai,“EffectofdietscontaininggeneticallymodifiedpotatoesexpressingGalanthusnivalislectinonratsmallintestine,”Lancet,1999Oct16;354(9187):1353-4.撕。團(tuán)盡管舊轉(zhuǎn)基帆因碗戴豆喂舅養(yǎng)的漠大鼠披的腸瀉道沒(méi)序有發(fā)艙現(xiàn)增妥生細(xì)墓胞，摩但是撈腸部飽居然繞不可部思議睜地變奮重了神；可弊能盛也是樣由于歪細(xì)胞爭(zhēng)增生植的原端因ArpadPusztai,“FactsBehindtheGMPeaControversy:Epigenetics,TransgenicPlants&RiskAssessment,”P(pán)roceedingsoftheConference,December1st2005(FrankfurtamMain,Germany:Literaturhaus,2005).鑼。細(xì)駐胞增刻生可頓能是王癌癥永的前醫(yī)兆，呢需要曾特別退關(guān)注床。NaguiH.Fares,AdelK.El-Sayed,“FineStructuralChangesintheIleumofMiceFedonEndotoxinTreatedPotatoesandTransgenicPotatoes,”NaturalToxins6,no.6(1998):219–233.StanleyW.B.EwenandArpadPusztai,“EffectofdietscontaininggeneticallymodifiedpotatoesexpressingGalanthusnivalislectinonratsmallintestine,”Lancet,1999Oct16;354(9187):1353-4.ArpadPusztai,“FactsBehindtheGMPeaControversy:Epigenetics,TransgenicPlants&RiskAssessment,”P(pán)roceedingsoftheConference,December1st2005(FrankfurtamMain,Germany:Literaturhaus,2005).實(shí)驗(yàn)大實(shí)驗(yàn)大鼠喂食轉(zhuǎn)基因馬鈴薯表明在胃和腸道內(nèi)有增生細(xì)胞的生長(zhǎng)。胃壁腸壁非轉(zhuǎn)基因轉(zhuǎn)基因非轉(zhuǎn)基因轉(zhuǎn)基因精轉(zhuǎn)基壽因慕食耀品俗導(dǎo)致桑肝臟露損傷遍肝臟賺的狀撥態(tài)幸—付身體甘主要塌排毒霉臟器屋—邪身體孝毒素叛的指厘標(biāo)。賞上面桿提到經(jīng)的甘例油核臺(tái)酸凝效集素麻馬鈴許薯喂笑養(yǎng)的螺實(shí)驗(yàn)彎大鼠歇體形教更小墨，肝摧臟出遲現(xiàn)部好分萎雹縮ArpadPusztai,“CansciencegiveusthetoolsforrecognizingpossiblehealthrisksofGMfood,”NutritionandHealth,2002,Vol16Pp73-84.豈。ArpadPusztai,“CansciencegiveusthetoolsforrecognizingpossiblehealthrisksofGMfood,”NutritionandHealth,2002,Vol16Pp73-84.撞用孟哭山都恒生播產(chǎn)的予含有音Bt瞎毒素兄的奸Mo胃n8過(guò)63山玉米揚(yáng)喂養(yǎng)己實(shí)驗(yàn)胳大鼠曬后裳，其逮出現(xiàn)傘肝臟帖的損剖傷和染其他頁(yè)的一加些中副毒跡怖象JohnM.Burns,“13-WeekDietarySubchronicComparisonStudywithMON863CorninRatsPrecededbya1-WeekBaselineFoodConsumptionDeterminationwithPMICertifiedRodentDiet#5002,”December17,2002斑JohnM.Burns,“13-WeekDietarySubchronicComparisonStudywithMON863CorninRatsPrecededbya1-WeekBaselineFoodConsumptionDeterminationwithPMICertifiedRodentDiet#5002,”December17,2002霜有實(shí)肥驗(yàn)表顧明喂式養(yǎng)兔蝕子的柴轉(zhuǎn)基鄰因大款豆改打變了敢它們蕩的肝始臟酶延，派并提印高浴了梳的代商謝活玩性R.Tudisco,P.Lombardi,F.Bovera,D.d’Angelo,M.I.Cutrignelli,V.Mastellone,V.Terzi,L.Avallone,F.Infascelli,“GeneticallyModifiedSoyaBeaninRabbitFeeding:DetectionofDNAFragmentsandEvaluationofMetabolicEffectsbyEnzymaticAnalysis,”AnimalScience82(2006):193–199.傅。R.Tudisco,P.Lombardi,F.Bovera,D.d’Angelo,M.I.Cutrignelli,V.Mastellone,V.Terzi,L.Avallone,F.Infascelli,“GeneticallyModifiedSoyaBeaninRabbitFeeding:DetectionofDNAFragmentsandEvaluationofMetabolicEffectsbyEnzymaticAnalysis,”AnimalScience82(2006):193–199.姨喂養(yǎng)梳抗草搬甘磷印油菜盾的實(shí)余驗(yàn)大隊(duì)鼠肝駐臟超月重猴12哥%-澆16逝%懼，極些有可吳能是惰由于曲肝臟束病癥糧或是霞發(fā)炎逢癥狀鉆導(dǎo)致CommentstoANZFAaboutApplicationsA346,A362andA363fromtheFoodLegislationandRegulationAdvisoryGroup(FLRAG)ofthePublicHealthAssociationofAustralia(PHAA)onbehalfofthePHAA,“Foodproducedfromglyphosate-tolerantcanolalineGT73,”壯CommentstoANZFAaboutApplicationsA346,A362andA363fromtheFoodLegislationandRegulationAdvisoryGroup(FLRAG)ofthePublicHealthAssociationofAustralia(PHAA)onbehalfofthePHAA,“Foodproducedfromglyphosate-tolerantcanolalineGT73,”韻顯微何鏡分幫析喂扁食抗槽草甘每磷大妄豆的旗實(shí)驗(yàn)勞小凳鼠語(yǔ)，發(fā)綠現(xiàn)坦其購(gòu)肝臟宇的基任因示季性、類(lèi)結(jié)構(gòu)紗、功調(diào)能均囑被改扁變鉆（見(jiàn)詳照片花）M.Malatesta,C.Caporaloni,S.Gavaudan,M.B.Rocchi,S.Serafini,C.Tiberi,G.Gazzanelli,“UltrastructuralMorphometricalandImmunocytochemicalAnalysesofHepatocyteNucleifromMiceFedonGeneticallyModifiedSoybean,”CellStructFunct.27(2002):173–180究。在命小鼠牲的飲若食又螞變蛛回凈到?jīng)Q非轉(zhuǎn)蠻基因呢大豆倒以后逮，許妨多誰(shuí)的域這些折改變倒恢復(fù)倚了正責(zé)常，成顯示喚出轉(zhuǎn)詞基因帶大豆領(lǐng)就是佛元兇支。鋸根據(jù)算分子稍遺傳侍學(xué)家禿邁克跟爾論·魂安東倘尼奧滴博士盲的調(diào)姥查結(jié)隙果顯何示，排“知不是債偶然傲的，暮而孤是底必然注的反束映出思轉(zhuǎn)基若因大喂豆對(duì)峽肝臟積的損帥傷。嘉”拐在倫腰敦國(guó)愁王學(xué)坡院進(jìn)隊(duì)行人申類(lèi)基說(shuō)因治拴療研慶究的洗安東充尼奧堂說(shuō)，業(yè)盡管榜食用梯轉(zhuǎn)基鞋因大話豆的蛛長(zhǎng)期惕結(jié)果掩無(wú)法遠(yuǎn)知曉搜，但借是它帆會(huì)造賢成肝嫩臟損山傷，典最終筋導(dǎo)致駝血毒沸癥JeffreyM.Smith,GeneticRoulette:TheDocumentedHealthRisksofGeneticallyEngineeredFoods,Yes!Books,Fairfield,IAUSA2007侄。M.Malatesta,C.Caporaloni,S.Gavaudan,M.B.Rocchi,S.Serafini,C.Tiberi,G.Gazzanelli,“UltrastructuralMorphometricalandImmunocytochemicalAnalysesofHepatocyteNucleifromMiceFedonGeneticallyModifiedSoybean,”CellStructFunct.27(2002):173–180JeffreyM.Smith,GeneticRoulette:TheDocumentedHealthRisksofGeneticallyEngineeredFoods,Yes!Books,Fairfield,IAUSA2007害喂食右抗草距甘磷第大豆的的實(shí)萬(wàn)驗(yàn)大世鼠的更肝臟辣結(jié)構(gòu)祝也表田明發(fā)逆生了胸改變IrinaErmakova,“ExperimentalEvidenceofGMOHazards,”P(pán)resentationatScientistsforaGMFreeEurope,EUParliament,Brussels,June12,2007語(yǔ)。IrinaErmakova,“ExperimentalEvidenceofGMOHazards,”P(pán)resentationatScientistsforaGMFreeEurope,EUParliament,Brussels,June12,2007轉(zhuǎn)基因大豆喂養(yǎng)的實(shí)驗(yàn)小鼠的肝細(xì)胞顯示出異?，F(xiàn)象轉(zhuǎn)基因大豆喂養(yǎng)的實(shí)驗(yàn)小鼠的肝細(xì)胞顯示出異常現(xiàn)象對(duì)照組對(duì)照組轉(zhuǎn)基因大豆實(shí)驗(yàn)組肝細(xì)胞核肝細(xì)胞核Livercellnucleoli肝細(xì)胞核仁肝細(xì)胞核仁轉(zhuǎn)基因大豆喂養(yǎng)的實(shí)驗(yàn)大鼠的肝臟顯示出罕見(jiàn)變化。對(duì)照組轉(zhuǎn)基因大豆實(shí)驗(yàn)組店轉(zhuǎn)基吩因喂搞養(yǎng)的塌動(dòng)物誠(chéng)的膽高爆死亡參率較、旗內(nèi)臟師器官使轉(zhuǎn)基因大豆喂養(yǎng)的實(shí)驗(yàn)大鼠的肝臟顯示出罕見(jiàn)變化。對(duì)照組轉(zhuǎn)基因大豆實(shí)驗(yàn)組齒在區(qū)Fl探av前er折Sa禮vr裝番茄迫的研驚究中瘋，附劣錄說(shuō)左明指澆出，殲40預(yù)只大動(dòng)鼠中瓜的俯7支只在巨兩周尋之內(nèi)聾死亡畏和被乖替換ArpadPusztai,“CanScienceGiveUstheToolsforRecognizingPossibleHealthRisksforGMFood?”NutritionandHealth16(2002):73–84.出。在票另一夏個(gè)研勉究中圍，喂居食忠“減抗草梢銨膦朗”慧玉米舞的雞恰死亡訴率是芽喂養(yǎng)陷自然擾玉米見(jiàn)的兩漠倍S.Leeson,“TheEffectofGlufosinateResistantCornonGrowthofMaleBroilerChickens,”DepartmentofAnimalandPoultrySciences,UniversityofGuelph,ReportNo.A56379,July12,1996.善。但窩是氧在智這兩籌個(gè)業(yè)皺界資飲助的乒研究豆中就，腫對(duì)這玩種死識(shí)亡率霉視芽而不脾見(jiàn)，括并且葵也氣沒(méi)有憐適當(dāng)煙的解斬釋或戴進(jìn)一掩步事的擴(kuò)調(diào)查綱。ArpadPusztai,“CanScienceGiveUstheToolsforRecognizingPossibleHealthRisksforGMFood?”NutritionandHealth16(2002):73–84.S.Leeson,“TheEffectofGlufosinateResistantCornonGrowthofMaleBroilerChickens,”DepartmentofAnimalandPoultrySciences,UniversityofGuelph,ReportNo.A56379,July12,1996.惑此外券，喂痛食譜抗草幟甘膦哥大豆叉的小鎖鼠胰辭腺的只細(xì)胞漫有重蟻大的惜變化添，并喉且兩消化襲酶的伶分泌罪顯著宵減少M(fèi)alatesta,etal,“UltrastructuralAnalysisofPancreaticAcinarCellsfromMiceFedonGeneticallymodifiedSoybean,”JAnat.2002November;201(5):409–415;seealsoM.Malatesta,M.Biggiogera,E.Manuali,M.B.L.Rocchi,B.Baldelli,G.Gazzanelli,“FineStructuralAnalysesofPancreaticAcinarCellNucleifromMiceFedonGMSoybean,”EurJHistochem47(2003):385–388.悲；存喂加食鼻轉(zhuǎn)基識(shí)因土晚豆的承大肚鼠不出現(xiàn)堂胰腺誰(shuí)肥大ArpadPusztai,“CansciencegiveusthetoolsforrecognizingpossiblehealthrisksofGMfood,”NutritionandHealth,2002,Vol16Pp73-84怖。再伯的輸一系云列的毛腎臟莖分析寺中，陶喂遭食氏轉(zhuǎn)基崖因食續(xù)物的梅動(dòng)物取表現(xiàn)謙出禁機(jī)能符障礙裕、君中毒魂、福酶分輩泌改摘變或胸炎癥R.Tudisco,P.Lombardi,F.Bovera,D.d’Angelo,M.I.Cutrignelli,V.Mastellone,V.Terzi,L.Avallone,F.Infascelli,“GeneticallyModifiedSoyaBeaninRabbitFeeding:DetectionofDNAFragmentsandEvaluationofMetabolicEffectsbyEnzymaticAnalysis,”AnimalScience82(2006):193–199.剩,JohnM.Burns,“13-WeekDietarySubchronicComparisonStudywithMON863CorninRatsPrecededbya1-WeekBaselineFoodConsumptionDeterminationwithPMICertifiedRodentDiet#5002,”December17,2002垮。實(shí)價(jià)驗(yàn)書(shū)小鼠見(jiàn)以及劍的酶去改變亮主要瓶是由蔥轉(zhuǎn)基妥因大拘豆引乘起的R.Tudisco,P.Lombardi,F.Bovera,D.d’Angelo,M.I.Cutrignelli,V.Mastellone,V.Terzi,L.Avallone,F.Infascelli,“GeneticallyModifiedSoyaBeaninRabbitFeeding:DetectionofDNAFragmentsandEvaluationofMetabolicEffectsbyEnzymaticAnalysis,”AnimalScience82(2006):193–199.柿；羞轉(zhuǎn)基派因土陡豆行促使懇小鼠損大腦建生長(zhǎng)縮減緩ArpadPusztai,“CansciencegiveusthetoolsforrecognizingpossiblehealthrisksofGMfood,”NutritionandHealth,2002,Vol16Pp73-84院。仗一個(gè)固獨(dú)立淹科學(xué)饅家小枕組重冠新分轉(zhuǎn)析了按三種域孟山橋都公罵司9咳0天堆大鼠碌喂養(yǎng)劇研究割原始栗數(shù)據(jù)躬，發(fā)厭現(xiàn)野了串肝臟話和腎買(mǎi)臟圓的烤毒性充跡象褲，以如及腎對(duì)盼心臟修、尼腎上啟腺鞏、匹脾痕臟和跪血液甩的影菜響deVend?moisJS,RoullierF,CellierD,SéraliniGE.AComparisonoftheEffectsofThreeGMCornVarietiesonMammalianHealth.IntJBiolSciMalatesta,etal,“UltrastructuralAnalysisofPancreaticAcinarCellsfromMiceFedonGeneticallymodifiedSoybean,”JAnat.2002November;201(5):409–415;seealsoM.Malatesta,M.Biggiogera,E.Manuali,M.B.L.Rocchi,B.Baldelli,G.Gazzanelli,“FineStructuralAnalysesofPancreaticAcinarCellNucleifromMiceFedonGMSoybean,”EurJHistochem47(2003):385–388.ArpadPusztai,“CansciencegiveusthetoolsforrecognizingpossiblehealthrisksofGMfood,”NutritionandHealth,2002,Vol16Pp73-84R.Tudisco,P.Lombardi,F.Bovera,D.d’Angelo,M.I.Cutrignelli,V.Mastellone,V.Terzi,L.Avallone,F.Infascelli,“GeneticallyModifiedSoyaBeaninRabbitFeeding:DetectionofDNAFragmentsandEvaluationofMetabolicEffectsbyEnzymaticAnalysis,”AnimalScience82(2006):193–199.JohnM.Burns,“13-WeekDietarySubchronicComparisonStudywithMON863CorninRatsPrecededbya1-WeekBaselineFoodConsumptionDeterminationwithPMICertifiedRodentDiet#5002,”December17,2002R.Tudisco,P.Lombardi,F.Bovera,D.d’Angelo,M.I.Cutrignelli,V.Mastellone,V.Terzi,L.Avallone,F.Infascelli,“GeneticallyModifiedSoyaBeaninRabbitFeeding:DetectionofDNAFragmentsandEvaluationofMetabolicEffectsbyEnzymaticAnalysis,”AnimalScience82(2006):193–199.ArpadPusztai,“CansciencegiveusthetoolsforrecognizingpossiblehealthrisksofGMfood,”NutritionandHealth,2002,Vol16Pp73-84deVend?moisJS,RoullierF,CellierD,SéraliniGE.AComparisonoftheEffectsofThreeGMCornVarietiesonMammalianHealth.IntJBiolSci2023;5:706-726.Availablefrom龜不孕吸不育醫(yī)及欣嬰兒消死亡婚率列喂變食?？共菀\甘膦和大豆渣的大狗鼠和泛小鼠候的睪直丸都絕表現(xiàn)號(hào)出明漆顯的瑞病變迷。大糞鼠的與睪丸有由粉霧紅色肥變成渾了藍(lán)徑色（舅見(jiàn)應(yīng)下督圖）IrinaErmakova,“ExperimentalEvidenceofGMOHazards,”P(pán)resentationatScientistsforaGMFreeEurope,EUParliament,Brussels,June12,2007改，訪小鼠稀的南初期拖精勻子取細(xì)胞浩也譽(yù)發(fā)生齡了疾改變須。后轉(zhuǎn)基貓因大親豆喂櫻食既的老腦鼠胚鼠胎秀與鬼那些渾喂食疑非轉(zhuǎn)顧基因帶大豆蘇的艘小鼠陡母專(zhuān)體相泉比，乞顯示互出其頃DN嶄A功包能具的礦臨時(shí)溉改動(dòng)Oliverietal.,“TemporaryDepressionofTranscriptioninMousePre-implantionEmbryosfromMiceFedonGeneticallyModifiedSoybean,”48thSymposiumoftheSocietyforHistochemistry,LakeMaggiore(Italy),September7–10,2006.吧。墳與喂儲(chǔ)養(yǎng)非株轉(zhuǎn)基冒因大棒豆的吉小鼠辛比較豆，轉(zhuǎn)犯基因詳大豆?jié)晌桂B(yǎng)毛的小肥鼠的酸DN愛(ài)A真功能券顯示誦出暫竹時(shí)的牢改變Oliverietal.,“TemporaryDepressionofTranscriptioninMousePre-implantionEmbryosfromMiceFedonGeneticallyModifiedSoybean,”48thSymposiumoftheSocietyforHistochemistry,LakeMaggiore(Italy),September7–10,2006.捏。IrinaErmakova,“ExperimentalEvidenceofGMOHazards,”P(pán)resentationatScientistsforaGMFreeEurope,EUParliament,Brussels,June12,2007Oliverietal.,“TemporaryDepressionofTranscriptioninMousePre-implantionEmbryosfromMiceFedonGeneticallyModifiedSoybean,”48thSymposiumoftheSocietyforHistochemistry,LakeMaggiore(Italy),September7–10,2006.Oliverietal.,“TemporaryDepressionofTranscriptioninMousePre-implantionEmbryosfromMiceFedonGeneticallyModifiedSoybean,”48thSymposiumoftheSocietyforHistochemistry,LakeMaggiore(Italy),September7–10,2006.轉(zhuǎn)基因大豆喂養(yǎng)的大鼠的睪丸呈現(xiàn)出深藍(lán)色而非正常的粉色，并且細(xì)胞結(jié)構(gòu)也被大大地改變了。轉(zhuǎn)基因大豆喂養(yǎng)的大鼠的睪丸呈現(xiàn)出深藍(lán)色而非正常的粉色，并且細(xì)胞結(jié)構(gòu)也被大大地改變了。對(duì)照組對(duì)照組實(shí)驗(yàn)組裁一項(xiàng)充奧地善利政迎府的刮研究范顯示校，喂草食雀轉(zhuǎn)基召因玉渠米的溫小鼠印（均BT烤基因也和抗滴草甘吳膦）秒下一毒代數(shù)拉量減敲少，呼體型誕更全小AlbertaVelimirovandClaudiaBinter,“BiologicaleffectsoftransgenicmaizeNK603xMON810fedinlongtermreproductionstudiesinmice,”ForschungsberichtederSektionIV,Band3/2023雪。俄做羅斯趁國(guó)家起科學(xué)摩院首鄉(xiāng)席科遼學(xué)家?jiàn)拾l(fā)現(xiàn)任了具桌有戲酒劇性絞的結(jié)么果，嗚喂于食贊轉(zhuǎn)基腦因大更豆的商雌性植大鼠壤提現(xiàn)碧兩周摔出現(xiàn)坊交配委行為監(jiān)AlbertaVelimirovandClaudiaBinter,“BiologicaleffectsoftransgenicmaizeNK603xMON810fedinlongtermreproductionstudiesinmice,”ForschungsberichtederSektionIV,Band3/2023勁經(jīng)過(guò)揚(yáng)了撫一連岔串的賽三個(gè)伐實(shí)驗(yàn)齊，5唇1.腿6蘋(píng)%轉(zhuǎn)膚基因充食物動(dòng)喂身養(yǎng)辟組垂的小富鼠擊后代欣在下頭三襖個(gè)星布期內(nèi)千死亡勝，而惱非轉(zhuǎn)妖基因陸大豆的和非帖大豆善控制遠(yuǎn)組的異僅僅胡是1蛛0%貍和糾8.冶1會(huì)%念。京轉(zhuǎn)基莊因間豆媽面喂詠養(yǎng)腔的兇母犬蟲(chóng)所產(chǎn)放幼犬竟有金極與高毀的無(wú)