名詞專項(xiàng)復(fù)習(xí)課件(中考英語)

名詞一、考查重點(diǎn)可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞2.名詞的作用3.名詞的所有格4.名詞詞義辨析2021/5/91名詞{

專有名詞（如：Tom，China，theUnitedStates,January,Monday)

可數(shù){普通名詞{物質(zhì)名詞(如water,ice,wood)抽象名詞(如:happiness幸福)個(gè)體名詞(如：teacher教師)集體名詞(如：police警察)不可數(shù){2021/5/92

考點(diǎn)一名詞的數(shù)2021/5/93名詞單數(shù)的表達(dá)

一般可用a，an，one來修飾注：a用于輔音音素開頭的單詞前,an用于元音音素開頭的單詞前*abook

*anEnglishbook

*anhour

2021/5/94flowerflowers找規(guī)律,總結(jié)規(guī)則watchesfactory-factoriesleaf--leavesboxesNOUN.2021/5/95可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式

1.規(guī)則變化(1)一般在詞尾加“s”/s/or/z/*

dog–

dogs

*

book

–

books*

cap

–

caps*

tree

–

trees(2)以s、x、ch、sh結(jié)尾的名詞加“es”/iz/*box

–

boxes*watch

–

watches*bus–

buses*brush

–

brushes

注：stomach/k/–stomachs

2021/5/96(3)以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的名詞,變y為i加“es”/iz/

*country–

countries*baby–

babies

*factory–

factories*party–

parties

請(qǐng)區(qū)別：如果是元音字母加y結(jié)尾的名詞則只須加“s”

*boy–

boys

holiday-holidays

*

day-holidaysmonkey

–

monkeys2021/5/97(4)以f、fe結(jié)尾的名詞,變f、fe

為v再加“es”/vz/

*half

–

halves*shelf

–

shelves

*knife

–

knives*leaf

–

leaves

特殊:roof---roofsbelief---beliefsproof---proofsHandkerchief-handkerchiefs/handkerchieves2021/5/98巧學(xué)妙記找規(guī)律tomatoespotatoesNegroesNOUN.黑人和英雄愛吃西紅柿拌土豆。heroes2021/5/99(5)以o結(jié)尾的名詞,一般情況加s,讀作/z/.potato，tomato，hero等除外

*

piano

–

pianos*zoo

–

zoos

*

radio-radios*bamboo–bamboos

2021/5/910woman--womenman--menNOUN.2.不規(guī)則變化(1)變-a為-e

(2)變?cè)糇帜竜o為eepoliceman–policemenFrenchman–Frenchmen2021/5/911

(3)單復(fù)數(shù)同形Chinese–Chinesefish–fishJapanese–Japanesesheep–sheepsheep特殊：children請(qǐng)區(qū)別：German(德國人)–Germans(“中日”不變“英法”變，其余s加后面)2021/5/912(4).常以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)的名詞

peopleclothesshoes

trouserssocksglasses

這些名詞作主語時(shí)，注意它們的謂語用復(fù)數(shù)

*Myclothes

are

newerthanyours.2021/5/9131.Several_____aretalking

underthetree．Andtheyaretalkingabout______.

A．woman;children B．woman;childC．women;children2.Therearethree

inmyfamily.A.peopleB.personC.child3.Some______cametoourschoolforavisitthatday.

A.GermansB.GermenC.GermanyD.GermaniesCAA2021/5/9144.Inthepicturetherearemany______andtwo_______.

A.sheeps;knifesB.sheeps;knifeC.sheep;knives D.sheep;knife5.Therearefour_______andtwo_______inthegroup.A.Japanese，GermenB.Japaneses，GermenC.Japanese，GermanD.Japanese，GermansDC2021/5/915★不可數(shù)名詞物質(zhì)名詞和抽象名詞屬于不可數(shù)名詞.常見的不可數(shù)名詞water

rice

fish

meatworkchalktimespacemusicmoneyweatherhomeworkwoodinformationnewsmedicine2021/5/9162不可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)（1)alotof/lotsof,some,much,alittle,plentyof,abitof,alargeamountof+不可數(shù)名詞

(2)數(shù)詞+容器+of+不可數(shù)名詞a

glass

of

water—twoglassesofwater2021/5/917

單個(gè)的不可數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)

*Somebread

is

overthere.

*Nonews

is

goodnews.

2021/5/918不可數(shù)名詞不能直接被a,an,one,two等修飾，常用much,alittle,little,

alotof,lotsof,some,any，plentyof等修飾

*Theyhad

much

money.

*Hedoes

little

houseworkathome.*arice

(X)

twobread

(X)2021/5/919

可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞都可以用單位+of+名詞表達(dá)量，但單位后面的可數(shù)名詞用復(fù)數(shù)，不可數(shù)名詞形式不變

*abagof

apples*apieceof

paper*threeglassesof

orange鞏固練習(xí):(1)一茶杯茶（2）一碗飯（3）兩公斤肉（4）五瓶橘汁（5）一雙鞋（6）許多瓶牛奶2021/5/920

4.有些可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞在一定情況下可相互轉(zhuǎn)化，同一個(gè)詞，但意思不同

glass(玻璃)–aglass(玻璃杯)work(工作)–awork(著作)

time(時(shí)間)–times(次數(shù))2021/5/9211.Pleasegiveme______paper.

A.oneB.apieces C.apiece D.apieceof2.Thistableismadeof_______.A.manyglassB.someglassesC.glassesD.glass3.—WhatcanIdoforyou,sir?—I'dliketwo_________.A.bottleofmilkB.bottlesofmilksC.bottlesofmilkD.bottleofmilks4.Wecandotheworkbetterwith______moneyand________people.A.less,fewerB.fewer,lessC.little,littleD.few,few

DDCA2021/5/922主謂一致當(dāng)people,class,family,team,group,public,police等集體名詞做主語時(shí)，如果看成一個(gè)整體，動(dòng)詞就用單數(shù)；看成一個(gè)個(gè)具體成員時(shí)，就用復(fù)數(shù)。e.gTheclassare

waitingforher.Tom’sfamily_____ratherbig.Tom’sfamily_________filmfans.is

are2.news,maths,politics表示單數(shù)意義，動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。e.gThenewsmakesherveryhappy.Maths___noteasyforhim.

is2021/5/923

專有名詞：1.表示人名如：JimKateLiLeiMissGao2.表示地名:如:ChinaUSAEnglandBeijing3.表示星期、月份等時(shí)間概念的名稱，如：

SundayMondayTuesdayJanuaryFebruary4.表示中外節(jié)日：國際性節(jié)日:NewYearMayDayChildren’sDayWomen’sDay

中國節(jié)日:SpringFestivalMid-autumnDayNationalDay

西方節(jié)日:ChristmasDayEaster(復(fù)活節(jié)）Father’sDayMother’sDaySaintValentine’sDay(情人節(jié))5.機(jī)構(gòu)或一些社會(huì)團(tuán)體的名稱，它們往往縮寫,如:

CCTVWTOPLAPRCUFOBBCSOS

NBAIQEQPERMBVIP

2021/5/924名詞的作用用法例句作主語English

isuseful.作定語(一般用單數(shù)形式）papertigers紙老虎girlstudents女生作及物動(dòng)詞或介詞的賓語ShelearnsChinesehardeveryday.作表語Tomismybestfriend.作賓語補(bǔ)足語Theyconsidertheboymonitor.作同位語Theteacherlookedafterusstudentswell.作稱呼語Ladiesandgentlemen,mayIhaveyourattentionplease?2021/5/925名詞所有格表示名詞間的所有關(guān)系“…的”一.名詞所有格的構(gòu)成方法

1.一般情況下，在有生命的名詞后加“’s”

Kangkang’sfatherLucy’sbook2.以s結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞,則在s后加“’”即可

Teachers’officeTheGreens’house2021/5/926

3.不以s結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞的所有格,仍按慣例加“’s”

*Children’sDay*men’sshoes

4.無生命名詞的所有關(guān)系用of加名詞，構(gòu)成所屬關(guān)系的短語

*thecolorofthewall*apictureofthe

classroom2021/5/9275.如果事物為2人或2人以上共同所有，在最后一個(gè)名詞后加-’s;

珍妮和海倫的房間

JennyandHelen’sroom6.如果事物不是2人或2人共同所有，而是分別有的,則在2個(gè)名詞后都加-’s

珍妮的房間和海倫的房間Jenny’sandHelen’srooms2021/5/9287.

有些表示時(shí)間、距離、國家、城市、團(tuán)體的等無生命的東西，也可以加–’s構(gòu)成所有格2小時(shí)路程北京最好的公園今日的報(bào)紙twohours’walk=two-hourwalkBeijing’sbestparktoday’snewspaper

atmyuncle’s=atmyuncle’shomeatatailor’s=atatailor’sshop9.表示類別的名詞作定語，不用所有格asilkhatcottonclothacoffeecup8.

表示某人的家、店鋪、診所時(shí)，常省略所有格后面的名詞twomonths’vacationamile’sdistance2021/5/9291廣東的省會(huì)2教室的門3我父親的一個(gè)朋友4他的兩個(gè)兄弟5愛迪生的一些發(fā)明6他弟弟的一張照片(照片屬于他弟弟)7他弟弟的一張照片(照片里的人是他弟弟)thecapitalofGuangdongthedoorsoftheclassroomafriendofmyfather’stwobrothersofhissomeinventionsofEdison’sapictureofhisbrother’sapictureofhisbrother名詞的所有格Practice2021/5/9301.June1stis____Day.AlltheChildrenenjoyitverymuch.A.ChildrenB.Childrens’C.Children’sD.Child2.Thetwobedroomarethe____.A.twinsB.twin’sC.twins’D.twinsCC重難點(diǎn)突破2021/5/9313.Lucyis____sister.A.MaryandJackB.Mary’sandJack’sC.MaryandJacksD.MaryandJack’sD2021/5/9324.It’s____fromourschooltomyhome.tenminutes’walktenminute’swalkC.tenminutewalkD.tenminuteswalkA2021/5/933★名詞的用法

1.修飾另一名詞時(shí),一般用單數(shù)*Therearethree

banana

treesoverthere.

2.manwoman用做定語時(shí),應(yīng)與后面的名詞保持?jǐn)?shù)的一致

*Weneed

amanteacher.*Theyareall

womenworkers.3.sports,clothes做定語時(shí),仍用復(fù)數(shù)形式*a

sports

star

*a

clothes

shop2021/5/934重難點(diǎn)突破小組討論以下練習(xí)的答案并說明其原因Ourhospitalneedstwo___doctors,Mrs.Li.Youcanaskyoursontohaveatry.A.womenB.manC.womanD.menD2021/5/9351.Themodelplanewasmadebya____boy.A.ten-years-oldB.ten-year-olderC.ten-year-oldD.ten-yearold重難點(diǎn)突破C2021/5/9362WhereisTom?---Hehasgonetothe_____.A.teacherB.teachersC.teacher’sD.teachers’重難點(diǎn)突破D2021/5/937★名詞所有格的幾個(gè)注意點(diǎn)可用名詞所有格表示地點(diǎn),地點(diǎn)名詞習(xí)慣上省略

*myaunt’s

(home）(我姑姑家）

*

gototheteachers’

(office）

(去老師辦公室）

特別記憶下列用to表示的所有格：thekey

to

the

lock/doorthe

key/answer

to

the

question2021/5/9381.Couldyoupleasegetmesome________?I’mhungry. A.apple B.water C.bread D.egg2.Somethingiswrongwithmy___.Ican’tseeanythingaroundme.A.noseB.earsC.eyesD.mouth3.Mr.Whitehasabeautifulgardenwithmany______init.A.flowersB.grassC.villagesD.waterCCA2021/5/9394.---Howfarisyourcousin’shomefromhere?---It’sabouttwo______drive.hour’sB.hoursC.hours’D.hour5.YaoMingdidagoodjobinthebasketballmatchyesterday.Heismyfavorite______A.worker B.teacher C.dancer D.playerCD2021/5/9406.Allthe______teachersenjoyedthemselvesonMarch8th，becauseitwastheirownholiday.A．manB.menC.womanD.women7.Tenhours____(be)noteoughforustodoit.Dis2021/5/941考點(diǎn)四?？济~詞義辨析1workjob工作，多指體力或腦力的努力或活動(dòng)不可數(shù)名詞工作零工，多指為換取報(bào)酬進(jìn)行的日?；顒?dòng)可數(shù)名詞我也喜歡花園，但我不喜歡艱苦的勞動(dòng)。Ilikegardenstoo,butIdon’tlikehardwork.她正在找工作。Sheislookingforajob.2021/5/942考點(diǎn)四?？济~詞義辨析2cookcooker廚師廚具他是