孔子的教育思想英文

TheEducationalThoughtsofConfucius當前第1頁\共有22頁\編于星期二\21點Introduction當前第2頁\共有22頁\編于星期二\21點BorninthevillageofZoninthecountryofLuin551BCDiedin479BCPosition:ThefirsteducatorofprivateschoolMaindoctrine——Ren當前第3頁\共有22頁\編于星期二\21點·FounderoftheConfucianschoolandConfucianism·SymbolofChineseculture·Thinker·Educator·Statesman·Philosopher當前第4頁\共有22頁\編于星期二\21點ConfuciusisfamousforhisphilosophybecausehemademanywisesayingsinancientChinathathelpedmanypeoplelearnaboutnature,theworld,andthehumanbehavior.當前第5頁\共有22頁\編于星期二\21點HeestablishedfirstprivateschoolinChinaandacceptedthestudentsfromeverywhere.Subjects:Manners,Music,Literature,Riding,ArcheryandMathematics(禮，樂，射，御，書，數(shù)）Hehave3000students.Amongthem,72becamefamousscholars.當前第6頁\共有22頁\編于星期二\21點TheAnalectsisthesinglemostimportantbookinthehistoryofChina,whichexpressaphilosophy,oramoralcode,bywhichConfucius,oneofthemosthumanethinkersofalltime,believedeveryoneshouldlive.AnenduringclassicofChineseculture,TheAnalectshasinfluencedallthinkers,writersandpoliticiansintheover2,000-year-longhistoryofChinaafterConfucius.Noscholarcouldtrulyunderstandthislong-standingcultureortheinnerworldoftheancientChinesewithoutthisbook.TheAnalects當前第7頁\共有22頁\編于星期二\21點Philosophy當前第8頁\共有22頁\編于星期二\21點仁Humanity智Knowledge義Knowledge信Knowledge禮KnowledgeBenevolence,tobehumanity,mercyandkindness;Justness,toberighteousnessRituals,customandlow,tobepoliteWisdom,tobeknowledgeableandwelleducatedRoyalty,faithful,reliable,accountable,responsible,creditable當前第9頁\共有22頁\編于星期二\21點I

will

not

be

afflictedatmen's

not

knowing

me;

I

will

be

afflicted

that

I

do

not

know

men.不患人之不己知，患不知人也Whatonedoesnotwishforoneself,oneoughtnottodotoanyoneelse;whatonerecognizesasdesirableforoneself,oneoughttobewillingtogranttoothers."當前第10頁\共有22頁\編于星期二\21點Thepersonsbeingcultivated,thefamilieswereregulated.身修而后家齊Thefamiliesbeingregulated,theStateswererightlygoverned.家齊而后國治TheStatesbeingrightlygoverned,theentireworldwasatpeace.國治而后天下平當前第11頁\共有22頁\編于星期二\21點EducationalThoughts當前第12頁\共有22頁\編于星期二\21點ConfuciuswasChina'sfirsteducator.Hetaughtstudentsallhislife,andputforwardmanyimportanteducationalprinciplesandeffectiveteachingmethods.Heheldthatallmenwereeducable,becausebynaturemenwerequitealike,andtheyweremadedifferentbylearningandpractice.He

wasthefirstfigureinChinesehistorytoinitiateeducation.Hebelievedthebasicgoalofeducationwastocultivate"personsofvirtue",whoshouldhavesoundcharacterandupliftedminds.當前第13頁\共有22頁\編于星期二\21點Thiswasinhisdayanepoch-makingview,becauseitmeantthatnotonlythenobles，butpeopleofallotherclasses，wereentitledtoreceiveeducation.Histeachingmethodsincludedtheelicitingmethod,givinginstructionsaccordingtostudents'peculiarities,andcombiningtheorywithrealityandpractice.Todeepenhisstudents,understanding,hediscussedwiththemrealpeopleandeventsofearliertimesandhisday,expressinghisownviews,makinganalys,pointingouttheirstrengthsandweaknesses,andurginghisstudentstoweighanddecideissues.當前第14頁\共有22頁\編于星期二\21點Educationtarget：thefirstpersontoopenaprivateschooltocommonpeopleCoursecontentmorality,properspeech,government,therefinedartsPedagogicalmethods:Heposesquestions,orusesaptanalogies,andwaitsforhisstudentstoarriveattherightanswers.Educationgoal:tocreatesuperiormen當前第15頁\共有22頁\編于星期二\21點Topreferitisbetterthanonlytoknowit.Todelightinitisbetterthanmerelytopreferit.Whatyouknow,youknow,whatyoudon‘tknow,youdon’tknow.Thisisknowledge.知之為知之,不知為不知,是知也。知之者不如好之者，好之者不如樂之者。當前第16頁\共有22頁\編于星期二\21點Inteachingpeople,thereisnodiscrimination(ofclass,type,etc.)Reviewingwhatyouhavelearnedandlearninganew,youarefittobeateacher.Learningwithoutsatiety,instructingotherswithoutbeingwearied.If

a

man

in

the

morninghear

the

right

way,

he

may

die

in

the

evening

without

regret.當前第17頁\共有22頁\編于星期二\21點ZiGongasked:“WhywasKongWenZicalled‘Wen’?”Confuciusreplied:“Hewasquickanddevotedtolearning,andnotashamedtoaskedthosebelowhim.Thatiswhyheiscalled‘Wen’”.子貢問曰：“孔文子何以謂之‘文’也？”子曰：“敏而好學，不恥下問，是以謂之‘文’也。”當前第18頁\共有22頁\編于星期二\21點Influence當前第19頁\共有22頁\編于星期二\21點叁TheConfucianthoughtshaveawideinfluenceinallthenationsofEastAsia.InKoreaandJapan,ethicandetiquettehavebeenundertheinfluenceoftheConfucianviewpointssuchashumanity,justiceandetiquette,etc.Theinfluenceisstillquiteobviou