中考英語語篇翻譯技巧和專題練習(xí)(習(xí)題含答案)

語篇翻譯

語篇翻譯一、出題形式以一篇短文的形式出現(xiàn):3個(gè)：英譯漢2個(gè)：漢譯英考綱要求考查對(duì)中西文化差異的了解；對(duì)常用短語、習(xí)慣用語和重要句型的運(yùn)用；對(duì)句子結(jié)構(gòu)、語法知識(shí)的掌握對(duì)簡單的翻譯技巧的掌握。二、考查重點(diǎn)1、各類重要句型結(jié)構(gòu)（定語從句等）2、搭配（動(dòng)詞短語，名詞短語）、3、重點(diǎn)詞的用法及習(xí)慣表達(dá)、4、主要語法規(guī)則及其運(yùn)用等5、簡單的翻譯技巧（省略、補(bǔ)充，詞義選擇引申、詞性轉(zhuǎn)換、長句拆分、逆序翻譯等）。三、解題指導(dǎo)1.通讀短文，了解大意。2.分析要求翻譯的句子的結(jié)構(gòu)、類型、時(shí)態(tài)調(diào)序、潤色。切不可逐字逐句地翻譯四、翻譯技巧指導(dǎo)：（易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)、難點(diǎn)）1.連詞的翻譯and:和、與（1）Lucyandhermotheroftengoshoppingonweekends.露西和她媽媽經(jīng)常周末去購物。（不可省）（2）Youngpeopleandolderpeopledonotalwaysagree.Theysometimeshavedifferentideasaboutliving,workingandplaying.3）Thesunisbright,andtheskyisclear.太陽是明亮的，和天空是干凈的。(X)4）HeleftthecompanyinMarchlastyearandwenttoHarvardasavisitingscholar.5）However,theyworryabouttheirschoolworkandcan'tfallasleepquickly.他不開心，不知道如何處理這件事。注：解題策略英語中連詞用得多，漢語中連詞用得少。英譯漢時(shí)，有些連詞可以省譯。漢譯英，要適當(dāng)增加連詞，成文連貫。如：Thoughitisn'tlikeatable,Ilikeitverymuch.雖然它看起來不像張桌子，但是我很喜歡它。（成對(duì)使用）雖然那個(gè)夢(mèng)想沒有實(shí)現(xiàn)，但是現(xiàn)在他成功了注：解題策略英語中“though”、“but”/“because”、“so”只能用其中之一，但漢語中“雖然但是”、“因?yàn)椤浴钡染涫浇Y(jié)構(gòu)要可以成對(duì)使用。2.定語從句的翻譯Guilinisaplacewheretherearemountainsandrivers.Herefusedtogiveupthegoalwhichisveryclear.解題策略：對(duì)于較短的定語從句，英譯漢時(shí)，可譯成帶“的”的前置定語,可把復(fù)合句譯成簡單句Hewasverythankfultothelandwherehegrewup.Imetanoldmanwhoaskedmetopayattentiontohealth.解題策略：對(duì)于結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜且較長的定語從句，在英譯漢時(shí)，可將其后置，將整個(gè)句子結(jié)構(gòu)譯成并列句，并重復(fù)先行詞。Theyshouldkeepawayfromthosejobswhichcanhavebadinfluenceontheirlives.(長句拆分)3.it句型的翻譯解題策略：引導(dǎo)詞it做形式主語、形式賓語時(shí)，本身沒有獨(dú)立意義,可以省譯。熟記it句型：Itbe+adj(forsb)todosth.Ittakessb(sometime)todosth.Ifind/thinkit+adjtodosth.Itwasdifficulttorememberallthefacesandnames.IthinkithardforthemtounderstandyourjokeIttookthevolunteersthewholeafternoontocleanupthepark.4.否定轉(zhuǎn)移的翻譯Idon'tthinkhecanpasstheexam.我認(rèn)為他不可能通過這次考試Idon'tbelievethathecanspeaktotheoldsoimpolitely。我相信他不會(huì)對(duì)老人那么無禮說話。解題策略：當(dāng)主句部分是“Idon'tthink”,“Idon'tbelieve”，“Idon'tsuppose”等結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，翻譯成漢語時(shí)，要注意。我認(rèn)為我們不該浪費(fèi)時(shí)間我相信他不會(huì)抽煙。5被動(dòng)語態(tài)的翻譯被動(dòng)語態(tài)的句子有時(shí)有“被”有時(shí)無“被”，一定認(rèn)真分析主動(dòng)還是被動(dòng)。熟記被動(dòng)語態(tài)的各種時(shí)態(tài)：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：一般過去時(shí)：一般將來詞：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)：Theblueskyisreflected(映襯)inthedeepbluelake.藍(lán)藍(lán)的天空映襯在深藍(lán)色的湖水中(無“被”)SomeofhisworksaretranslatedintoEnglish,FrenchandJapanese.(有“被”)我們學(xué)校是2011年建的。6.漢譯英存在的主要問題時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)不對(duì)。句子結(jié)構(gòu)不完整：缺主語、缺謂語、動(dòng)詞堆砌中文式語序：時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)等狀語按中文習(xí)慣放在動(dòng)詞之前動(dòng)詞直接做主語、表語、賓語(5)固定短語、固定句型沒有掌握好漢譯英：診斷、改錯(cuò)(1)他生于1955年，在山東的一個(gè)小村莊長大。Hebornin1955,inShandongasmallvillagegrowup.（2）我非常喜歡看電視IverylikewatchTV.--->（語序，搭配）（3）玩太多的電游對(duì)你的眼睛有害Playtoomuchcomputergamesisbadforyoureyes.（4）最主要的事情是平衡好學(xué)業(yè)和兼職工作Themostimportantthingisbalanceshoolworkandpart-timejobs.（5）每當(dāng)我參加聚會(huì)，我的朋友就鼓勵(lì)我唱歌。WhenItakepartintheparty,myfriendsencouragemesing.湖南2017中考試題研究?英語.題庫英漢互譯型話題一介紹類Passage1Letmetellyouaboutmyhometown.IliveinKinsale.ItmaybeoneofthesmallesttownsinSouthernIreland,butitisalsothemostfamousone.Thefishrestaurantsareverywonderfulandtherearemanygoodcookshere.Theycookthebestfishforthevisitors.2.食物昂貴但是人們非常喜歡它。Soyoucanseemanypeoplefromdifferentcountriesineveryrestaurant.Mytownisverybeautifulbecauseitisbythesea.3.Insummeritisverycoolandyoucangoswimminginthesea.Therearethreesmallshopsandyoucanbuyyourfriendsmanysouvenirsthere.4.Theyareverycheapandyoujustneedtopayalittlemoneyforthem.Thepeopleinmytownarefriendly.5.他們會(huì)和你交朋友。Ifyoufeelsick,thereisaclinic（診所）withadoctorandanurse.I'mAndy.Youcanaskmeforhelpwhenyouhavesometrouble.Ithinkyouwillenjoytheholiday.【主旨大意】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了“我”的家鄉(xiāng)金塞爾的一些情況。魚餐廳非常棒并且這里有很多好的廚師?！窘馕觥縏hefishrestaurants魚餐廳；and和，并且；thereare為固定句型，表示“有”；cooks廚師。Thefoodisexpensivebutpeopleenjoy/likeitverymuch.【解析】昂貴expensive；但是but；喜歡enjoy/like。夏天它很涼爽，你可以在海里游泳。【解析】Insummer在夏天；cool涼爽的；goswimming游泳。它們非常便宜，你只需要為它們付很少的錢?！窘馕觥縞heap便宜的，廉價(jià)的；need需要；pay...for...為支付。Theycanmakefriendswithyou.【解析】交朋友makefriends，為固定短語。Passage2Howmuchdoesaboyweigh?I'mafraidnoonecouldbelievea10-year-oldboycanweighupto192kg.A10-year-oldIndonesianboy,AryaPermanaissuchaboy,whowascalled“theworld'sfattestchild”.Nowhehasbeenondietaccordingtothedoctors'warning,becauseextremeobesityisthreateninghislife.AryaisfromavillageinIndonesia.1.Hisweighthaslefthimunabletowalk,makinghimunabletogotoschool.Hehastowearasarong（圍裙）becausehisparentswerenolongerabletofindclothesthatfithim.2.What'smore,heoftensuffersfromshortnessofbreath,andcanonlysleepwithhisheadagainstawalltohelphimbreath.他現(xiàn)在每天吃五餐。Ifnot,hewillsufferfromhungry.ButadoctorsaidAryawas“healthy”duringarecenthospitalcheck-up.HermotherwasunabletogetaclearansweraboutArya'sweight.4.However,shesaidtherewere“noproblems”withherson'shealth.HismothersaidthatAryahasbeenondietforthefirsthalfofeachdaylikemanychildrenathisage.5.他努力堅(jiān)持節(jié)食直到他感覺胃疼。【主旨大意】本文是一篇說明文。文中主要介紹了世界上最胖的一個(gè)小孩，來自印度尼西亞的AryaPermana。由于身體太胖，母親只能給他圍一個(gè)圍裙。盡管他很胖，但是醫(yī)生說他的身體還是健康的，現(xiàn)在他正按照醫(yī)生的要求進(jìn)行節(jié)食。他的體重讓他無法行走，讓他不能去上學(xué)?！窘馕觥縲eight體重，重量；(be)unableto不能，無法；能，無法；makesb.+購/.使得某人；gotoschool上學(xué)。能，無法；能，無法；makesb.+購/.使得某人；gotoschool上學(xué)。另外，他經(jīng)常遭受氣短的折磨，【解析】What'smore另外，更多；often經(jīng)常；sufferfrom遭受，因而蒙受損害；shortnessofbreath氣短。Henoweats/hasfivemealseveryday.【解析】現(xiàn)在now；每天everyday；吃eat/have；五餐fivemeals。然而，她說她兒子的健康“沒有問題”【解析】However然而，但是；therewere為固定句型；noproblems沒問題；health健康。Hetriestokeepondietuntil/tillhefeelsstomachpains.【解析】努力trytodo;堅(jiān)持節(jié)食keepondiet直至U；until/till；胃疼stomachpains。話題二學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)與生活類Passage3（2016福州改編）Whatcanyoumakewithpiecesofpaper?LookatChenYiyan'sworks!The14-year-oldhasorigami（折紙）talentatHangzhouEntelForeignLanguageSchool,Zhejiang.1.但是他并不是生而具有這種才臺(tái)匕冃匕。WhenChenwasafourth-grader,hefoundhisbrother'spaper-foldingbook.Itgothiminterestedinorigami.2.Sincethen,hehasreadmanybooksaboutorigamiandpracticesinhissparetime.Andhemadehisfavoriteworklastyear.It'sapaperdragonthatinvolved（包含）almost2000steps.Chenusedtofold（折疊）paperhimselfuntilhemetChenChangnan,whoalsolovesorigami.3.去年他們成立了一個(gè)折紙俱樂部。Withsupportfromschool,theyhostapaper-foldingclasseveryWednesdayafternoon.Nowithasmorethan20members.4.Theyshowtheirworksandteachstudentshowtofold.“It'sreallyexcitingtodevelopmyhobbyandshareitwithothersatthesametime.”saidChen,“5.1hopemoreandmorepeoplegettoknoworigamiandlovethisart.”【主旨大意】本文是一篇說明文。介紹的是一名14歲的學(xué)生擁有非凡的折紙才能。經(jīng)過他的努力，他創(chuàng)作了許多作品，并和有著共同愛好的學(xué)生一起在學(xué)校創(chuàng)建了折紙俱樂部。Buthewasn'tbornwiththistalent.【解析】但是but；生而具有bebornwith；這種才能thistalent。自從那時(shí)，他閱讀了許多有關(guān)折紙的書，然后在空閑時(shí)間練習(xí)?！窘馕觥縎incethen自從那時(shí)；readmanybooksaboutorigami讀許多有關(guān)折紙的書；practices練習(xí)；inhissparetime在他空閑時(shí)間。Theysetupapaper-foldingclublastyear.【解析】去年lastyear；他們they；成立setup；個(gè)折紙俱樂部apaper-foldingclub。他們展示他們的作品，并且教學(xué)生們?cè)鯓诱奂??！窘馕觥縮how展示；theirworks他們的作品；howtofold怎樣折紙，作teach的直接賓語。我希望越來越多的人了解折紙并且熱愛這門藝術(shù)?！窘馕觥勘揪涫且粋€(gè)省略了that的賓語從句。Ihope我希望；moreandmorepeople越來越多的人；gettoknow了解；thisart這門藝術(shù)。Passage4MostschoolsaregoingtostartaprogramcalledB.Y.O.T.(bringyourowntechnology).1.這個(gè)課程允許學(xué)生帶平板電腦去學(xué)校。Oneaimofthisprogramisthatthestudentsdon'tneedtocarrytextbooksanymore.2.Theotheristhattheycangetfreeeducationalsubjectstoplayintheirfreetime.SchoolshavesetupfreeWi-FisystemsjustfortheB.Y.O.T.program.感謝老師們?yōu)槌闪⑦@個(gè)課程付出的所有辛勤工作。IreallythinkthisprogramwillgowellinmostschoolsandIalsothinkthelearningwillbebetterthanever.Thisprogramwillletstudentshavefunandlearnatthesametime.IfyoulikeyouriPadsandyouliketoread,schoolsaregettingstartedwithreadingwithiPads.5.Highschoolsandmiddleschoolshavealreadystartedandsohavesomeprimaryschools.Butmostelementaryschoolsdon'tcomealong!Let'stellthem:Hurry!Getreadytolearn!【主旨大意】本文是一篇說明文。介紹了大多數(shù)學(xué)校成立的一個(gè)名叫B.Y.O.T?的課程的用途、目的以及教育意義。本文意在號(hào)召更多的小學(xué)學(xué)校加入到這個(gè)項(xiàng)目中來。ThisprogramallowsstudentstobringiPadstoschool.【解析】這個(gè)課程thisprogram；允許某人做某事allowsb.todosth.；帶去bring...to...。另一個(gè)（目的）是他們可以在他們空閑時(shí)間獲得可以玩的免費(fèi)的教育科目?！窘馕觥勘揪涫且粋€(gè)that引導(dǎo)的表語從句。Theother另一個(gè)；get獲得；free免費(fèi)的；educationalsubjects教育科目；toplay作后置定語修飾subjects；intheirfreetime在他們的空閑時(shí)間。Thankteachersforalltheirhardworktosetupthisprogram.【解析】本句考查固定句型。為某事感謝某人thanksb.forsth.；老師teacher；成立setup；這個(gè)課程thisprogram；辛勤工作hardwork。這個(gè)課程會(huì)讓學(xué)生在學(xué)習(xí)的同時(shí)玩得開心。【解析】本句中and連接兩個(gè)并列成分oletsb.dosth.讓某人做某事；havefun玩得開心；learn學(xué)習(xí)；atthesametime與此同時(shí)。高中和初中已經(jīng)開始了（這個(gè)課程），一些小學(xué)也開始了。【解析】本句中and連接兩個(gè)并列句，且第二個(gè)句子為so引導(dǎo)的倒裝句。Highschools高中；middleschools初中；already已經(jīng)；started開始；someprimaryschools一些小學(xué)。話題三咨詢建議類Passage5Whatcanyoudowhenpeoplehurtyou?1.Youmaybeangryorevenfightwiththem.Butit'snotagoodidea.2.最好的方式是和他們交朋友。3.Althoughitisnoteasyforyoutogetonwellwiththepeoplewhohurtyou.“Forgivenessmakesyouhopeful.Anditisgoodforyourhealth,”saysFredric,Ph.D.thewriterofthebookcalledForgiveforGood.Buthowcanyouforgiveothers?First,thinkofsomethingnicetomakeyouhappy.4.Don'twaitforotherpeopletosaysorrytoyou.Ifapersonhurtsyou,heorshewon'tsaysorrytoyou.Theymayjustwanttohurtyouortheyjustdon'tseethingsinthesameway.Second,trytoseethingsinothers'shoes.5.例如，你可以給自己寫一封信。Thatcanmakeyouunderstandothersbetterandmakeyourselfhappier.Atlast,don'tforgettoforgiveyourself.Forsomepeople,forgivingthemselvesisthebiggestchallenge.Anditalsomakesyoumoreconfident.【主旨大意】本文是一篇說明文。本文主要介紹了原諒那些傷害自己的人的建議，比如：想一些好的事情讓自己開心、不要等著別人給你說抱歉、站在別人的立場上看待事情以及不要忘記原諒自己。你或許會(huì)生氣或者甚至與他們打架。【解析】angry生氣；even甚至；fightwithsb.與某人打架。Thebestwayistomakefriendswiththem.【解析】最好的方式thebestway；與某人交朋友makefriendswithsb.。盡管對(duì)你來說，和傷害你的人友好相處是不容易的?！窘馕觥勘揪渲蠥lthough引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，it作形式主語，真正的主語是后面的動(dòng)詞不定式短語，who引導(dǎo)定語從句。easy容易的；getonwellwithsb.與某人友好相處。不要等待別人來和你說抱歉?！窘馕觥勘揪涫且粋€(gè)祈使句。waitforsb.等待某人；other其他的；saysorrytosb.跟某人說抱歉。Forexample,youcanwritealettertoyourself.【解析】例如forexample；給某人寫一封信writealettertosb.；你自己yourself。.話題四觀點(diǎn)看法類Passage6Tomanystudents,joiningsocialmedia（社交媒體）ismoreimportantthanmakingnewfriendsinreallife.“Ilovecheckingmyfriends'updates（更新）.1.我也喜歡在社交媒體上分享新聞?！眘aidWuWei,14,fromHong