獸醫(yī)公共衛(wèi)生學vph課件2vi foodborne pathogens

切勿外傳，更不能上傳網(wǎng)絡謝謝各位同學配合MolecularMicrobiology&FoodSafety1VeterinaryVeterinaryPublicII.FoodbornePathogensandDiseaseMolecularMicrobiology&FoodSafety21sMolecularMicrobiology&FoodSafety3 sdetectionMolecularMicrobiology&FoodSafety42MolecularMolecularMicrobiology&FoodSafety SafetyGreenbookReportonFoodSafetyGreateffortsbeingmadeonfoodAchievementsbeingFoodsgenerallyEffortsMolecularMicrobiology&FoodSafety 3MajorfoodborneMajorfoodbornepathogensinrawSource:NumerouspublicationsfromMolecularMicrobiology&FoodSafety7All%%%%%No.1725/59(0.5-E.coliNo.143/55(0-S.No.175/675717(0-ListeriaNo.1455/85(0-Processed%SalmonellaNo.72/49(0-E.coliNo.28/42(0-S.No.131/18(0-ListeriaNo.477/84(0-MajorMajorpathogensinprocessedMolecularMicrobiology&FoodSafety8 Unknown

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MicrobialFoodborneFoodbornediseasesduetomicrobialpathogensortoxic ntsandanimalproductsin0人數(shù)人數(shù) MolecularMicrobiology&FoodSafety9ChemicalMolecularMicrobiology&FoodSafety 5TheTheasmallpieceofMolecularMicrobiology&FoodSafetyMicrobialContaminationofItisamajorhealthproblemGreatdifficultyexistsinensuringfoods microbialcontamination.10majororganismsareidentifiedandtrackedbywesterncountries.Fewerthan10%offoodborneillnessoutbreaksweretracedandconfirmedtomeatormeatAfteraproductisbeyondtheliveanimal,theriskofmicrobialcontaminationandmicrobialloadincreaseswithtime.MolecularMicrobiology&FoodSafety 6AnimalsasAnimalsasReservoirsofAsubstantial%offoodborneillnessesarecausedbypathogensthatoriginatefromtheanimalitselfpriortoslaughter.Livestockandpoultryarereservoirsofpathogensand,duringthedressingprocedure,maybeadirectsourceofmicrobiologicalGoodmanagement,sanitation,andbiosecuritypracticeswillreducetherisksofentericpublichealthpathogens.MolecularMicrobiology&FoodSafetyFoodsFoodsofDangertoHumanFoodsthataremoist,andhaveahigh-proteinoralowacidlevelareclassifiedaspotentiallyHighproteinfoodsfromanimalsinclude/milkproducts,eggs,meats,poultry,fish, fish,andediblecrustacea(shrimp,lobster,crab).Bakedorboiledpotatoes,tofu, ntfoodsthathavebeenheat-treated,andrawseedsprouts(suchasbeansprouts)alsoposeaMolecularMicrobiology&FoodSafety 7 sdetectionMolecularMicrobiology&FoodSafetyGeneralFeaturesofFoodborneFoodborneillnessesmainlycause Diarrhea,cramps,nausea,andvomitingarethemostcommonacutesymptoms,whichmayrange frommildtoRecentevidencesuggeststhatsome illnessesmaycauselingeringhealthproblems, asreactivearthritisduetoMcobologyFod 8FactorsFactorsoffoodbornein1990sMolecularMicrobiology&FoodSafetyTypesTypesoffoodsimplicatedinfoodborneillnessin1990s(USA)MolecularMicrobiology&FoodSafety9MajorfoodborneMajorfoodbornepathogensin1998(USA)CasesMolecularMicrobiology&FoodSafety4,0252,8391,4808E. 5003181L.1129,137No.ofE.coliTotalinCommonCommonfoodbornePathogens(2003,US)MolecularMicrobiology&FoodSafetyNumberNumberoffoodbornediseaseoutbreaksbyetiology(2006)MolecularMicrobiology&FoodSafetyMolecularMolecularMicrobiology&FoodSafety ReportedReportedFoodborneOutbreaksDuetoFreshProduceintheUnitedStatesandEuropeanUnion:TrendsandCausesCallejonetal.,FoodbornePathogensAndDisease,MolecularMicrobiology&FoodSafety MolecularMolecularMicrobiology&FoodSafety FoodborneFoodbornecausing E.coliMolecularMicrobiology&FoodSafetyRelativeTrendsTrendsinSelectedPathogens(1996-2004,USA)2E.coliO15711996-1998 MolecularMicrobiology&FoodSafety ChangesChangesinincidenceoflaboratoryconfirmedbacterialinfectionsintheUS,2010MolecularMicrobiology&FoodSafetyUSUSCDCFoodSafetyProgressReportforMolecularMicrobiology&FoodSafetyRelativeRelativeratesofVibrio,ListeriaandShigellainUSMolecularMicrobiology&FoodSafetyFactorsFactorsoffoodborneinEurope(1993-317MolecularMicrobiology&FoodSafetyMolecularMolecularMicrobiology&FoodSafety Typesoffoodsimplicatedinfoodborneillness(1993-1998,EU,n=22386)cesintheoutbreakswherefoodwaseaten(1993-1998)MolecularMicrobiology&FoodSafety MolecularMolecularMicrobiology&FoodSafety Contributingfactorsinfoodborneillness(1993-1998,EU,n=13310)ReportedReportedFoodborneOutbreaksDuetoFreshProduceintheUnitedStatesandEuropeanUnion:TrendsandCausesCallejonetal.,FoodbornePathogensAndDisease,MolecularMicrobiology&FoodSafety TotalTotalnumberoffoodborneoutbreaksinMolecularMicrobiology&FoodSafetyReportedReportedzoonosesratesinhumansintheEU,MolecularMicrobiology&FoodSafetyDistributionDistributionofstrong-evidenceoutbreaksbyfoodvehicleintheEU,2012MolecularMicrobiology&FoodSafetyDistributionDistributionofstrong-evidenceoutbreaksbysettingsinEU,2012MolecularMicrobiology&FoodSafetyMolecularMolecularMicrobiology&FoodSafety ControlControloffoodborneillnessinUK(1992-2008)MolecularMicrobiology&FoodSafetyProcessingProcessingforMolecularMicrobiology&FoodSafetyItItisthewayofthatmakesMolecularMicrobiology&FoodSafetyRTERTEmeatscouldbemademoredeliciousandsaferbycookingMolecularMicrobiology&FoodSafetyWhatWhat…Ifthe80sor√XMolecularMicrobiology&FoodSafety IncreasedretailinIncreasedretailinMolecularMicrobiology&FoodSafety sdetectionMolecularMicrobiology&FoodSafetyCommonCommonPathogensinSurveillanceforFoodborneDiseaseOutbreaks–United1993-1997.2000,Vol49,NoMolecularMicrobiology&FoodSafetyMajorMajorFoodborneMolecularMicrobiology&FoodSafetyUnique:Unique:Growat4-10oC,intracellularClinical:Meningitis,septicemia,abortionIncubation:3-70daysFoods:Rawmilk,cheese,productsoffishandmeats,salads.Riskfactors:Long-timestorage&temperatureabuse!MolecularMicrobiology&FoodSafety2008Canadianlisteriosis5723OnSunday,MapleLeafFoodsannouncedithaddiscoveredthebacteriathatcauseslisteriosis,Listeriamonocytogenes,inSureSliceroastbeefandcornedbeefproducedataToronto nt,anditissuedarecallonthoseOnWednesday,MapleLeafexpandedtherecallto23products,includingavarietyofturkey,smokedmeatandroastbeefproducts.MolecularMicrobiology&FoodSafety ReportedReportedlisteriosiscasesinhumans(2003-MolecularMicrobiology&FoodSafety20112011USlisteriosisasofDecember8,MolecularMicrobiology&FoodSafetyssinfectedwiththeoutbreak-associatedstrainofListeriamonocytogenesbydateofclinicalspecimen8swereillwith2mother-newbornpairs(4MarylandCaliforniaMolecularMicrobiology&FoodSafetyWhosufferedAgesrangedfrom<1to96years,withamedianageof77years.Mostill swereover60yearsold.142(99%)wereThirtydeathswerereported.Among died,agesrangedfrom48to96years,withamedianageof82.5years.Womenand48%of swereOnewomanpregnantatthetimeofillnesshadaSevenoftheillnesseswererelatedtoaThreewerediagnosedinFourwerediagnosedinpregnantMolecularMicrobiology&FoodSafetyHumanHumanlisteriosiscasesbyage&genderinEU,2012MolecularMicrobiology&FoodSafetyColoradoDepartmentofPublicHealthandEnvironmentidentifiedListeriamonocytogenesbacteriaoncantaloupescollectedfromgrocerystoresandfromills'ProducttracebackinformationfromColoradostateofficialsindicatedthatthesecantaloupesalsocamefromJensenFarms.FDAidentifiedListeriamonocytogenesoutbreakstrainsinsamplesfromequipmentandcantaloupeattheJensenFarms'packingfacilityinGranada,Colorado.Pulse-fieldelectrophoresis(PFGE)revealedthelinksamongthestrainsMolecularMicrobiology&FoodSafety MolecularMicrobiologyMolecularMicrobiology&FoodSafety VerotoxigenicVerotoxigenicE.coliClinical:Diarrhoea(sometimesbloody),stomachpainandcramps,vomiting,fever(rare),bloodyurine.SymptomsusuallylastaboutaweekparticularlyvirulentstrainsofE.colicancauseseriousillnessordeathintheelderlyorthosewithweakenedimmunesystems.Majoroutbreak:9451casesofE.coliO157:H7infectionwith2deathsinJapan,1996Foods:Beef,rawmilk,salads,Fruitjuices,water,MolecularMicrobiology&FoodSafetyUndercookedUndercookedBeefinE.coliMolecularMicrobiology&FoodSafetyLargestLargestE.coliMolecularMicrobiology&FoodSafetyReportedReportedverotoxigenicE.coliinhumans(2003-MolecularMicrobiology&FoodSafetyOutbreakinJapan,DuringMaythroughAugust1996,approxima y10,000casesofEscherichiacoliO157:H7infectionassociatedwithatleast14separateclusterswerereportedinJapan.Mostcasesoccurredinschool-agechildrenwithtwodeath.OneclusterwasalargeoutbreakinSakaiCity,OsakaPrefecture,involvingmorethan6,000primaryschoolchildren.TheoutbreakstartedonJuly13,1996,andaninvestigationsuggestedthatradishsproutswerethemostlikelycause.MolecularMicrobiology&FoodSafety EscherichiaEscherichiacoliO157:H7infectionbydateofsymptomonset,July15-21,1996.MolecularMicrobiology&FoodSafetyOutbreakOutbreakintheUS,TheFDAisalsocontinuingtoprovideregularupdatesontheE.coliO157:H7spinachoutbreakthathassofarresultedin114casesofillness(September).Thecases,whichhavebeenreportedtotheCentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention(CDC),include18reportsofHemolyticUremicSyndrome(HUS),60hospitalizations,andonedeath.Theseproductsincludespinachandanysaladwithspinachinablend,bothretailandfoodserviceproducts.Productsthatdonotcontainspinacharenotpartofthisrecall.MolecularMicrobiology&FoodSafety20112011E.coliO104:H4outbreakinMolecularMicrobiology&FoodSafetyWhatWhatisthenewE.coliTheillnesswascharacterizedbybloodydiarrhea,withahighfrequencyofseriouscomplications,includinghemolytic-uremicsyndrome(HUS).TheoutbreakwasoriginallythoughttohavebeencausedbyanenterohemorrhagicstrainofE.coli,butitwaslatershowntohavebeencausedbyanenteroaggregativeE.coli(EAEC)strainthathadacquiredthegenestoproduceShigatoxins.MolecularMicrobiology&FoodSafetyWhereWheredoesitcomeAjointrisk-assessmentbyEFSA/ECDC,issuedJune29,2011implicatedfenugreekseedsimportedfromEgyptin2009and2010,fromwhichsproutsweregrown,asacommonsourceofbothoutbreaks,butcautionedthat"thereisstillmuchuncertaintyaboutwhetherthisistrulythecommoncauseoftheinfections",astestsontheseedshadnotyetfoundanyE.colibacteriaoftheO104:H4ThepotentiallycontaminatedseedswerewidelydistributedinEurope.Egypt,foritspart,steadfastlydeniedthatitmayhavebeenthesourceofdeadlyE.colistrain,withtheMinisterofAgriculturecallingspeculationstothateffect"sheerMolecularMicrobiology&FoodSafetyPathogen：NontyphoidSalmonellaeClinical：Mostsdevelopfever,andabdominalcramps12to72hoursafterinfection.Theillnessusuallylasts4-7days,andmostpeoplerecoverwithouttreatment.OccasionalsepticemiaorevendeathFoods：Poultry,eggs,unpasteurizedmilk,MolecularMicrobiology&FoodSafetyEggs:Eggs:goodandMolecularMicrobiology&FoodSafetyInfectionsInfectionswiththeoutbreakstrainSal.Saintpaulassociatedwitheatingalfalfasprouts,MolecularMicrobiology&FoodSafetyMolecularMolecularMicrobiology&FoodSafety TheoutbreakstrainwasisolatedfromsamplesofTheoutbreakstrainwasisolatedfromsamplesofjalape?opepperscollectedinaUSwarehouseandapatient'shomeandfromsamplesofserranopeppersandwatercollectedonafarminMexico.MolecularMicrobiology&FoodSafetySalmonellosisSalmonellosisinUSAinasofSeptember23,MolecularMicrobiology&FoodSafety344casesin42Statesduetocontactwithlivepoultry,2014AsofSeptember23,2014,atotalof344 infectedwiththeoutbreakstrainsofSalmonellaInfantis,SalmonellaNewport,orSalmonellaHadarhavebeenreportedfrom42states.31%ofill shavebeenhospitalized,andnodeathshavebeenreported.Epidemiologic,laboratory,andtracebackfindingshavelinkedthisoutbreakofhumanSalmonellainfectionstocontactwithchicks,ducklings,andotherlivepoultryfromMt.HealthyHatcheriesinOhio.78%ofillpeoplereportedcontactwithlivepoultryintheweekbeforetheirillnessbegan.MolecularMicrobiology&FoodSafety Clinical：Fever,headache,andmyalgias,lastingaslongas24hours,diarrhea,dysentery,cramps,abdominalpain,Inmostpeople,theillnesslastsfor2–10days.ThisisclassifiedasInvasive/Infl toryDiarrhea,alsoknownasBloodyDiarrheaorDysentery.Foods：Poultry,water,unpasteurizedmilk,MolecularMicrobiology&FoodSafetyFebruaryFebruary9-14,NineconfirmedcasesofCampylobacterassociatedwiththisDakotaCountyoutbreak.Peoplesickenedinthisoutbreakreportedeatingavarietyofchickenandnon-chickendishesattherestaurant.Chickenwasbeingundercookedattimes.August14-20,Wisconsinpublichealthofficialslinked35confirmedcasesCamplyobacterjejunitotheconsumptionofrawTheCampylobacterjejuniisolatedfrom25ofthepatientswaslinkedtoZinnikerFamilyFarmbymatchingDNAfingerprints.ManuresamplesobtaineddirectlyfrommilkingcowsonthatfarmalsotestedpositiveforCampylobacterjejuniwiththesameDNAfingerprint.MolecularMicrobiology&FoodSafetyPathogen:VibrioIncubation:<24Clinical:Waterydiarrheaoftenwithabdominalcram nausea,vomitingfeverandchills.Usuallythesesymptomsoccurwithin24hoursofingestion.Illnessisusuallyself-limitedandlasts3days.Foods:Seafoodmostoftenimplicatedincludessquid,tuna,sardines,crab,shrimp,andbivalveslikeoystersandSeasonal:Outbreakstendtobeconcentratedalongcoastalregionsduringthesummerandearlyfallwhenhigherwatertemperaturesfavorhigherlevelsofbacteria.MolecularMicrobiology&FoodSafety ,MolecularMicrobiology&FoodSafety 。MolecularMicrobiology&FoodSafetyMolecularMolecularMicrobiology&FoodSafety MolecularMicrobiology&FoodSafetyMolecularMolecularMicrobiology&FoodSafety 年月日，新加坡學生及教職員集體出現(xiàn)嘔弗 年月 MolecularMicrobiology&FoodSafetyMolecularMicrobiology&FoodSafety sdetectionMolecularMicrobiology&FoodSafety Infection MolecularMicrobiology&FoodSafety RiskRiskHostGeneralhealthYoung,aged,promisedpregnancyMolecularMicrobiology&FoodSafetyInfectiveInfectiveFrequentlyFeeding(healthy,youngadultEstimates(datafrom‘Worstcase’MolecularMicrobiology&FoodSafetyRiskassessmentvariableinfective 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Risk -RiskMolecularMicrobiology&FoodSafety ToestimatethethatmicrobialpathogensposetohumanMolecularMicrobiology&FoodSafetyMicrobialMicrobialsafetyAssessingtheriskfactorsforaspecificfoodchain.MolecularMicrobiology&FoodSafetyPrinciplesPrinciplesofrisk(AmountsHazard(HarmfulMolecularMicrobiology&FoodSafety(Chem,MicrobialRiskRiskGoalsofriskExploretheriskofaparticularpathogeninaproduct ProbabilityandseverityoftheriskMolecularMicrobiology&FoodSafety Recoveryratesofapathogenindifferentfoodproducts%FreshsoftBaggedMold-RipenedSeafoodSmokedLuncheonDeliMolecularMicrobiology&FoodSafety 271

0.04–0.1>0.1–1>1-10103to104MolecularMicrobiology&FoodSafety DoseresponsesDoseresponsesinanimal9080706050403020100 Bacterialnumbers（logMolecularMicrobiology&FoodSafetyMortalityYoung,aged,promisedMolecularMicrobiology&FoodSafetyIncubationIncubationperiodMolecularMicrobiology&FoodSafetyHumanexposure MolecularMicrobiology&FoodSafety PredictivePredictivemicrobiology&RiskassessmentRiskAssessmentisnotnewinthefoodsafetyarea.Previousassessmentswerequalitative,partial,intuitiveandexperiencebased.Whatisnew,isthemodelingofeachstepandtheassemblingofallrelevantinformationaboutthemicrobialpathogenintoacompletemathematicaldescriptionforthefoodprocess.MolecularMicrobiology&FoodSafetyMolecularMolecularMicrobiology&FoodSafety Mono-orBiphasicLinearTemperatureprofilesorTimevs.TemperaturedataTablesandGraphsmaybecopiedandpastedintootherMolecularMicrobiology&FoodSafetysdetectionMolecularMicrobiology&FoodSafety Chemicals–manyareman-Micro-organisms–partofMicro-organismschangeinUnevendistributioninClinicalsymptoms–VariableconsumerMolecularMicrobiology&FoodSafetyOrganismsOrganisms-WhereTypes&BehaviourinIftheycouldsurviveorarekilledbymeasurestoinactivate?MolecularMicrobiology&FoodSafetyFoodFood–WateractivityAffectmicrobialMolecularMicrobiology&FoodSafetyWhatWhatinfluencesoccurrenceoffood-bornediseases?transportationandstorageInfectedfoodhandlersorinadequatehygieneduringhandlingand/orprocessingoffoodMolecularMicrobiology&FoodSafetyThechainofproductionfromfarmtofork-preventioncanoccurateachstep

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