專題名詞備戰(zhàn)年高考英語精選考點(diǎn)突破精美

名詞一、名詞的種類二、名詞的數(shù)1.

有些名詞單復(fù)數(shù)同形。如：aircraft,goldfish,sheep,Swiss,means,species。2.

有些名詞形式上是單數(shù)，但卻表示復(fù)數(shù)意義。如：cattle,audience,public,staff。3.

有些名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式有特殊的變化。如：child

→

children,foot

→

feet,tooth

→

teeth,mouse

→

mice,medium

→

media。4.

復(fù)合名詞變復(fù)數(shù)形式有三種情況：1)將最后一部分變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)，如theatre-goers,fire-engines,grown-ups。2)將主體名詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)，如editors-in-chief,runners-up。3)將兩部分皆變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)，這種復(fù)合名詞中的第一個名詞須是man或woman，如menservants,womendoctors。三、名詞所有格1.’s所有格：主要用于表示人或較高級動物的名詞后。如John’soffice。也可用于一些表示無生命的東西的名詞后，如yesterday’snewspaper。注意：’s所有格所修飾的名詞的省略：1)’s所有格所修飾的名詞如之前已出現(xiàn)，則可以省略。如：

Thisisnotmydictionary,butBill’s.2)’s所有格后的名詞如指商店、家等地點(diǎn)時，該名詞常省略。如：

Hewentintoastationer’stobuyaruler.Hehadtogotohissister’sfordinner.3)有些教堂、宮殿、醫(yī)院、學(xué)院等名稱前有’s所有格時，該名稱可省略。如：

St.Paul’s=St.Paul’sCathedral

圣保羅大教堂

Guy’s=Guy’sHospital

蓋伊醫(yī)院2.of所有格：1)用于無生命的東西，如thetitleofthebook,thedoorofthehouse。2)用于名詞化的詞，如thelivelihoodofthepoor。3)用于修飾語較多時，如theverylongandgracefultailoftheoldblackcat。4)用于代詞或數(shù)詞后，如someofthebooks,fiveofthetopfinancialexperts。3.

雙重所有格：“of+名詞的’s所有格”或“of+名詞性物主代詞”。如：afriendofMark’s,thatlovelydogofhers。四、名詞的功用名詞在句中可以作主語、賓語、表語、主語補(bǔ)足語、賓語補(bǔ)足語、定語、同位語、狀語等?？键c(diǎn)一名詞詞義辨析高考對名詞詞義辨析的考查主要體現(xiàn)在單項填空和完形填空中?；旧鲜切嗡频脑~、意義相近但用法不同的詞或者形式和意義都不相關(guān)的詞。解題關(guān)鍵是要弄清楚各個名詞的含義，注意聯(lián)系上下文的搭配和語境。Thehealthsecuritysystemsofmanycountriesareundergoingconsiderable_______.(2020江蘇)A.reservationB.transformationC.distinctionD.submissionBNowadaysthe______fortravellingisshiftedfromshoppingtofoodandscenery.(2019江蘇)A.priorityB.potentialC.proportionD.pensionA考點(diǎn)二名詞固定搭配Buildingsuchabridgeoverthebaywas_______,butthelocalgovernmentmadeitwithintwoyears.(2020江蘇)awetblanketB.apieceofcakeC.adarkhorseD.ahardnuttocrackD考點(diǎn)三名詞的格名詞所有格主要體現(xiàn)在短文改錯中。WhenIwaslittle,Friday’snightwasourfamilygamenight.(2018全國II)Friday考點(diǎn)四名詞的數(shù)對名詞單復(fù)數(shù)的考查主要體現(xiàn)在單詞拼寫、語法填空以及短文改錯中。NextIbroketheeggsintoabowlandbeatthemquicklywithchopstick.(2020全國卷I)chopsticksThefarsideofthemoonisofparticular________(interesting)toscientistsbecauseithasalotofdeepcraters(環(huán)形山)…(2020全國I)考點(diǎn)五名詞構(gòu)詞法對名詞構(gòu)詞法的考查主要體現(xiàn)在語法填空中。interest

ChineseNewYearisa_________(celebrate)markingtheendofthewinterseasonandthebeginningofspring.(2020全國II)celebration1.Historical_________(accurate)isimportantbutsoisentertainment.(2020新高考全國I)2.Filledwith_________(curious),theartistpackedhisbagsandleft.(2020全國III)3.Mymomisreallyconcernedwiththehealthofeveryoneinourfamilies.(2020全國III)curiosityfamilyaccuracy4.Byabout6000BC,peoplehaddiscoveredthebestcropstogrowandanimalstoraise.Later,theylearnedtoworkwiththe_______(season),plantingattherighttimeand...(2020浙江)seasons5.InrecentyearssomeInuitpeopleinNunavuthavereportedincreasesinbearsightingsaroundhumansettlements,leadingtoa__________(believe)thatpopulationsareincreasing.(2019全國I)belief6.Whentheywerefreefromwork,theyinvitedustolocaleventsandletusknowofaninteresting____________(compete)towatch,togetherwiththestorybehindit.(2019全國III)competition7.Nomatterwhatyouliketodo,thereisawaytogetinvolvedinvarious___________(activity)onEarthDay.(2019北京)8.Americanstudiesshowedno____________________(connect)betweenuniformsandschoolperformance.(2019浙江)activitiesconnection/connections9.Allthefootballplayerontheplaygroundcheeredloudly…(2019全國卷I)10.Iwishtohaveachainofcafesinmanydifferentcity.(2019年全國III)playerscitiesI.

用括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式填空。1.Theyarecompletelyfocusedongettingadvancedtechnologythroughallkindsof________(means).2.Overahundred________(species)ofinsectarefoundinthisarea.3.Heansweredthephonewithacigarettebetweenhis________(tooth).meansspeciesteeth4.Thereisabarforthe__________(grown-up)aswellasagamesroomtoentertaintheyoungerguests.5.Ihavehadthepleasureofworkingundertwoformer_____________(editor-in-chief)whobothworkedhardtokeepeverythinginorder.grown-upseditors-in-chiefII.

下面各句中均有一處錯誤，找出并改正。Themusicbuildingattheuniversityhas27piano.piano

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pianos

2.Newscientificdiscoveraremadeeverydayinlaboratoriesthroughouttheworld.

discover

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discoveries

3.Itisthepeoplerighttoknowwhatthecityisgoingtodoaboutthehousingproblem.