北京市西城區(qū)高一下學期期末考試英語試卷（原卷版）

北京市西城區(qū)2021—2022學年度第二學期期末試卷高一英語本試卷共16頁，共140分?？荚嚂r長120分鐘?？忌鷦?wù)必在答題卡指定區(qū)域作答，在試卷上作答無效。考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第Ⅰ卷(共75分)Ⅰ.聽力理解（共三節(jié)，分）第一節(jié):(共4小題;每小題分，共6分)聽下面四段對話，每段對話后有一道小題，從每題所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。每段對話你將聽一遍。1.Whenwillthespeakershavedinnertogether?A.OnWednesday.B.OnThursday.C.OnFriday.2.Wheredoestheconversationmostprobablytakeplace?A.Inarestaurant.B.Inahotel.C.Inastore.3.Whatwillthespeakersdonext?A.Playtabletennis.B.Buyatabletennisbat.C.Bookatabletennisroom.4.Howdoesthemanfeel?A.Strange.B.Tired.C.Disappointed.第二節(jié):（共6小題；每小題1.5分，共9分）聽下面三段對話，每段對話后有兩道小題，從每題所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。每段對話你將聽兩遍。聽第5段材料，回答第5至第6小題。5.Whatdoesthemanhavetodotoday?A.Seeadoctor.B.Haveameeting.C.Visitalawyer.6.Whatdoesthewomanoffertodofortheman?A.Signafewpapers.B.Makeanappointment.C.Answerhisphonecalls.聽第6段材料，回答第7至第8小題。7.Whatisthewomandoing?A.Askingforadvice.B.Givinganintroduction.C.Conductinganinterview.8.Whendoesthemanbuyabookfromabookstore?A.Whenthebookisonsale.B.Whentherearenewfictionbooks.C.WhenthebookispopularontheInternet.聽第7段材料，回答第9至第10小題。9.Howmanylecturesdoesthemanhavetoattendeveryweek?A.One.B.Two.C.Three.10.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Rulesoftheoffice.B.Noticeoftheexam.C.Courserequirements.第三節(jié)：（共5小題；每小題1.5分，共7.5分）聽下面一段獨白，根據(jù)題目要求在相應的橫線上寫下第11題至第15題的關(guān)鍵信息。每小題僅填寫一個詞。這段獨白你將聽兩遍。HowtoBeaGreenTravellerMakesureyourhomeis___11___efficient.●Turnoffallthe___12___●Unplugelectricaldevices___13___carefullyaboutyourmodeoftransport.●Takeatrainorboattoyourdestination●___14___whenyougosightseeingHelppreserveplacesofinterest.●Helpensurethelandmarksremainforgenerationstocome●Remindvisitorsoftheimportanceofsavingthe___15___worldⅡ.完形填空（共15小題；每小題1.5分，共22.5分）閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。AmaninCaliforniasurvivedafive-hournightswim,thankstothe____1____ofafriendlyseal.ScottThompsonaboaterfromSouthernCalifornia,wasoutonhisboat.Afterrealizingtheweatherwasn’tfavorable,heturnedtheboatbacktowardsland.Soonafter,something____2____happened.TheboatwasrockedbythewavywaterandScottgot____3____outoftheboat.Theenginescontinuedtorun,movingtheboatfartherandfartherawayfromhim,whichmadeit____4____toswimbacktoit.Hewatchedhisboat____5____inthemiddleoftheicySantaBarbaraChannel.Lostatsea,withnolandin____6____,Thompsonwassurethesewerehis____7____momentsonearth.However,thoughtsofhisfamilyhelpedhimfindthe____8____tosurvive.“Justkeep____9____,andyouwillgethometoyourfamily,”Thompsonkepttellinghimself.“Justimaginingmygirlsandmysongrowingupwithoutme,andmywifenothavingahusbandtosupporther,Icouldn’t_____10_____.Allofasudden,heheardabigsplash(拍水聲).Itwasamedium-sizedharborsealthatThompsondescribedas“anangel”thatcametohelphim.“Thesealwouldcomeupand_____11_____me,likeadogcomesupandpushesyourleg.”Thompsonsaid.Itwasasenseof_____12_____,Thompsonrecalled,knowingthathewasn’taloneonthisheroicjourney.Beingpushedalongbytheseal,Thompsonfelt_____13_____toswimtothenearestoilplatform,whichwasfarbutcloserthanland.Withthe_____14_____oftheseal,heswamthroughthedark,freezingwaterforfivehours,untilhemanagedtoreachanoilplatform.Peopleaboardtheoilplatformofferedaid.TheyrushedhimtoahospitalwhereThompsonwastreatedandrecoveredafewdayslater.Whilethethoughtofhis_____15_____motivatedhimtokeepgoing,Thompsonsaidthathewouldnothaveenduredthroughthepainifithadn’tbeenforthesealswimmingalongsidehim.1.A.recognition B.encouragement C.respect D.trust2.A.unexpected B.common C.confusing D.funny3.A.kicked B.locked C.chased D.knocked4.A.easy B.unnecessary C.impossible D.safe5.A.disappear B.stop C.ground D.sink6A.space B.mind C.line D.sight7.A.spare B.final C.exciting D.private8.A.tool B.way C.will D.skill9.A.swimming B.calling C.watching D.practicing10.A.breakin B.showup C.slowdown D.giveup11.A.greet B.push C.lift D.take12.A.duty B.hope C.curiosity D.wonder13.A.determined B.satisfied C.honored D.amused14.A.task B.cost C.company D.arrival15.A.pets B.friends C.family D.boatⅢ.閱讀理解（共15小題；每小題2分，共30分）閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。ASummertime,i.e.vacationseason,isquicklyapproaching.AndwhetheryouridealgetawayisR&Ronthebeach,outdooradventuring,orexploringanewcity,itpaystoplan.I’dlovetogetaway.HowdoIsaveforavacation?You’renotalone.Onestudysays71%ofAmericansareplanningtotakeatripforleisurein2022.Andthey’replanningonspending29%morethantheydidpre-pandemicin2019.Butyoudon’thavetogobroke(身無分文)togetabreak.Beforeyouevenstartplanningyourtravel,here’showtomakethetripyou’vebeenwaitingforareality.●Makeasinkingfund.Thesefundsarewhereyousetasidemoneywithanintentiontospenditonabiggoal.●Timingiseverything.Researchthecheapestplacestogowhenthetemperaturerises,andplanaccordingly.You’llalsogetmorebangforyourbuckbycheckingoutdestinationswithafavorableexchangerate.Forsomewherefurthereast,yourdollarswillgofarinThailandorthePhilippines.●Booksmart.Rentingahomeisoftenabetterdealthanbookingahotel.Notonlywillyousaveonthepricetag,butyoucancookinsteadofeatingoutforeverymeal.HowdoIkeepsavingwhileI’monvacation?Truestory:traveldoesn’tfeellikereallife,soit’seasiertosplurge(揮霍).Andifyou’revisitingapopulartouristlocation,everythingcostsmore.Here’showtoseethesightswithoutlosingsightofyourbudget.●Setadailyspendinglimitandtrackwhatyoubuytoavoidoverdoingit.Usingcashoraprepaiddebitcardinsteadofacreditcardcanalsohelp.●Foodisamoneyvampire.Ifyouhaveaccesstoakitchenwhereyou’restaying,makebreakfast,packlunch,andcookdinnerwhenyoucan.Ifnot,hitupasupermarketorfarmer’smarketforaneasy,cheapbreakfast.Andwhenyoudoeatout,goforlunchorappetizers,wherethemenuitemstendtobelessexpensive.16.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingmayhelpmakeyourdreamtripareality?A.Preparingenoughfastfood. B.Borrowingmoneyfromfriends.C.Researchingthecheapestplacestogo. D.Carryingcreditcardsfromdifferentbanks.17.Tokeepsavingwhileonvacation,you’dbetter________.A.gooutformeals B.avoidusingcashC.setadailyspendinglimit D.visitpopulartouristlocations18.What’sthepurposeofthepassage?A.Tohelptravellerssavemoney. B.Toreportsomesurveyresults.C.Toadvertisesometouristattractions. D.Tocomparedifferenttravelplans.BRhiannonMennisthefounderofLasagnaLove,aglobalnonprofitthatconnectsneighborsthroughhomemademealdelivery.InMarch2020,herSanDiegocommunityshutdownbecauseofthepandemic.Sheandherhusbandownadesignandbuildcompany,buttheirprojectswereputonhold.Rhiannonfelthelplessandwonderedwhatshecoulddotobeuseful.Itdidn’ttakeherlongtodecide.“Cookingismyhappyplace,”shesays.Sheorderedgroceriesonlineandgottowork.Sheandherdaughter,Cimorene,thenthree,madeextrapansoflasagna,andRhiannonpostedinalocalmoms’grouponFacebook,offeringtodropoffafreehome-cookedmealtoanyonewhowantedone.Somepeoplerequestedameal.EvenmorewantedtohelpRhiannonfeedthosewhowerestruggling.Rhiannoncreatedaspreadsheetforeachvolunteer,matchingthemwithfamilieswho’drequestedameal.Wordofwhatshewasdoingspreadquicklyonsocialmedia.“Bysummer,wehadmorethan100volunteerchefs,”shesays.Toomanyforonepersontotrack.Someoneofferedtocreateanonlineportal(門戶網(wǎng)站)tomanagethevolunteersandmealrequests.ThisautomatedsystemfreedRhiannontodowhatshereallyloves:cookandreachpeopleinneed.ForRhiannon,lasagnaisthebestcomfortfood.Butit’saboutmorethanjustfood.“Ourvolunteersdeliverasenseofhopewiththemeal,”shesays.“Wewantpeopletoknowthatastrangercaredenoughaboutthemtomakethemameal.Kindnessiscontagious(傳染性的),anditcantransformcommunities.”LasagnaLovecurrentlyhas25,000volunteers—orLasagnaChefs,asthey’recalled—acrosstheUnitedStates,CanadaandAustralia,whohavedeliveredmorethan150,000mealstofamiliesintheircommunities.“ThismovementhasgivenmepurposeinawayIdidn’thavebefore,”Rhiannonsays.Inherhome,cookingisafamilyevent.Cimorene,nowfive,hasgottengoodatlayeringthenoodles.Rhiannonalsohasathree-year-oldsonandan11-month-oldbabyboy.“Ilovethatmykidsarelearningtheimportanceofhelpingothers,”shesays.Volunteerchefslogintotheportalandinputhowmanymealsthey’dliketodeliverthatweek.Thesystemmatchesthemwithnearbyfamiliesrequestingameal,andthevolunteertextsthefamilytosetupadeliverytime.Themealsaredroppedoffondoorstepsforcontact-freedelivery.TheorganizationiscalledLasagnaLove,butvolunteerscandeliveranyhome-cookedmealthey’dlike.Rhiannon’srecipeisherowntakeonlasagna,madehealthierwithgratedzucchiniandyellowsquash.“I’vesharedmyrecipe,butvolunteersarewelcometousetheirownrecipesforanydishesthey’dliketomake,”shesays.19.WhydidRhiannonstartLasagnaLove?A.Tohelpstrugglingneighbors. B.Tofightagainstthepandemic.C.Tohelptheirdesignandbuildcompany. D.Toimproveherneighbors’cookingskills.20.WhatcanweknowaboutthevolunteersinLasagnaLove?A.Theyaretrainedbyexperiencedchefs.B.Theydelivertheirownmealstopeopleinneed.C.Theysearchforfamiliesinneedbythemselves.D.TheyallfollowRhiannon’srecipetomakelasagna.21.WecaninferfromthepassagethatRhiannon________.A.hadnopurposeinlifebeforeB.istoobusytodelivermealsnowC.likespostinghermealsonsocialmediaDhassetagoodexampleforherchildren22.WhichofthefollowingwordsbestdescribeRhiannon?AHelpfulandhumorous. B.Honestandsuccessful.C.Kind-heartedandgenerous. D.Hardworkingandambitious.CHorseshoecrabsareoftencalledlivingfossils.Theseprimitivearthropodshavelivedonearthfor360millionyears,largelyinthesameformastheyappeartoday.Despitetheirlonghistory,thehorseshoecrab’sexistenceisnowthreatenedbyhumanactivities,includingharvestingformedicalresearch.Anytimeaforeignobjectorsubstanceentersthehumanbody,there’sariskofintroducinginfection.Ifyou’vehadavaccination,asurgeryofanykind,orhadamedicaldeviceimplantedinyourbody,youoweyourverysurvivaltothehorseshoecrab.Horseshoecrabshavecopper-richbloodthatappearstobestrikingblueincolor.Proteinsinthehorseshoecrab’sbloodcellsarereleasedinresponsetoeventhesmallestamountofbacterialendotoxin(內(nèi)毒素),suchasE.coli.Thepresenceofbacteriacauseshorseshoecrabbloodtoclotorgel,partofitshypersensitiveimmuneresponsesystem.Inthe1960s,tworesearchers,FrederickBangandJackLevin,developedamethodofusingthesecoagulation(凝固)factorstotestforcontamination(污染)ofmedicaldevices.Bythe1970s,theirLimulusamebocytelysate(LAL)testwasbeingusedcommerciallytomakesureeverythingfromscalpels(手術(shù)刀)toartificialhips(髖關(guān)節(jié))issafeforintroductioninthehumanbody.Whilesuchtestingiscrucialtosafemedicaltreatments,thepracticetakesatollonhorseshoecrabpopulations.Horseshoecrabbloodisinhighdemand,andthemedicaltestingindustrycatchesasmanyas500,000horseshoecrabseachyeartodrainthemoftheirblood.Thecrabsaren’tkilledoutrightintheprocess;they’recaught,bled,andreleased.Butbiologistssuspectthestressresultsinapercentageofthereleasedhorseshoecrabsdyingoncebackinthewater.Fortunately,managementpracticesareinplacenowtoprotectthespecies.Inadditiontotheirvalueinmedicalresearch,horseshoecrabsfillimportantecologicalroles.Theirsmooth,wideshellsprovidetheperfectsubstrate(基質(zhì))formanyothermarineorganismstoliveon.Asitmovesalongtheocean’sbottom,ahorseshoecrabmaybecarryingmussels,barnacles,tubeworms,sealettuce,sponges,andevenoysters.Horseshoecrabsdeposittheireggsbythethousandsalongsandyshorelines,andmanymigratoryshorebirds,includingredknots,relyontheseeggsasasourceoffuelduringtheirlongflights.23.Whatfeatureofhorseshoecrabshelpssavelives?A.Theycanimprovetheirimmunesystem. B.Theirbloodissensitivetobacteria.C.Theyhavecopper-richbloodcells. D.Theirbloodisstrikingblue.24.Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedphrase“takeatollon”inParagraph5?A.Makeuseof. B.Doharmto. C.Runoutof. D.Contributeto.25.Howaretheecologicalrolesofhorseshoecrabsexplainedinthelastparagraph?A.Bygivingexamples. B.Bymakingacomparison.C.Byquotingexperts. D.Byofferingadefinition.26.Onwhichtypeofwebsitecanwepossiblyreadthispassage?A.Science. B.Travel. C.Business. D.Life.DChemistshavespentthepastcenturytryingtomakeplasticsthatwillbreakdowninseawater.Asitis,mostplasticsappeartotakecenturiestofullydegradeintheocean.Butthatmaychange.Scientistshavejustdesignedanewplasticthatcanbreakdowninseawaterwithinweeks,notdecadesormore.Backinthe1930s,scientistscreatedanow-popularplasticoutofcornandpotatostarch(淀粉).It’sknownaspolylactide,orPLA.It’sapolymer(聚合物),whichisamoleculemadebylinkingmanybuildingblocks—calledmonomers—intoalongstring.ScientistshadhopedPLAwouldquicklybreakdownintheenvironment.Andinsomeplaces,likecompostpits(堆肥坑),itdoes.Butnotinseawater.Evenafterthreeyearsinoceanwater,PLAremainslargelyunchanged.TimoRheinbergerisaPhDstudentattheUniversityofTwenteintheNetherlands.HisworkonpolymershasfocusedonboostingPLA’sbreakdown.Aspartofthatwork,hebecamepartofateamthatjustaddedsomeRNA-inspiredbreakingpointstoPLA.TheyputthosebreakingpointsinplaceswheremonomersinthePLAmoleculesarelinked.Theyweakenedthelinksthatjoinedupto15percentofaPLA’smonomers.Then,theysoakedtheirsamplesinartificialseawaterandmeasuredhowfastthesetweakedversionsofPLAbrokedown.TheexpectedfinalproductofPLA’sbreakdownwasasmallmoleculecalledlacticacid.So,theytestedforthattoo.Astheteamhadhoped,seawaterattackedtheweakenedlinksbetweenmonomers,splittingthepolymerchainapart.Themorebreakingpointstheresearchersaddedtothepolymer,thefasterthePLAbrokedown.Whentheyweakened15percentofPLA’smonomerlinks,thepolymerbrokedownentirelywithinjusttwoweeks.Whentheyweakenedonly3percentofthelinks,thebreakdowntookabout2years.ThissuggeststheteamcandesignhowquicklyPLAwillbreakdowninwaterbyadjustinghowmanyweakenedlinksithas.MehlikaKaramanliogluteachesbiomedicalengineeringatIstanbulGelisimUniversity.She,too,hasstudiedenvironmentalbreakdownofPLA.“It’sanewapproach,”shesaysoftheDutchtechnique.Theirsisalso“apreliminarystudy,”Karamanlioglusays.So,moretestingmustfollow.ScientistswanttoknowhowthestrengthofthenewPLAcomparestooldPLA.Rheinbergeragrees.“Youneedalotofmaterialtostartthosestudies,”headds.Andsofar,histeamhasmadeonlysmallamountsofthemodifiedPLA.KaramanlioglunotestheDutchteamalsotestedthebreakdownofitsPLAinartificialseawater.“Iwonderiftheychecked[thewater]forpollution,”sheadds.Ifthereweremicrobes(微生物),thosemicrobesmayhaveproducedmoleculescalledenzymesthatspedupthePLA’sdegradation.27.WhatcanwelearnaboutPLAfromthepassage?A.LacticacidpreventsthebreakdownofPLA.B.PLAbreaksdownfasterinartificialseawater.C.PLA’sbreakdownreliesonthatofmonomers.D.CompostpitsarethebestplacesforPLA’sbreakdown.28.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“preliminary”inParagraph7probablymean?A.Systematic. B.Comparative. C.In-depth. D.Early-stage.29.WhatisMehlika’sattitudetowardsthefindingsoftheDutchteam?A.Supportive. B.Doubtful. C.Optimistic. D.Cautious.30.Whatcanbelearnedfromthelastthreeparagraphs?A.MehlikaisconfidentabouttheapplicationofthenewPLA.B.ThecleannessofwateralsoaffectsthebreakdownofPLA.C.ThenewPLAhasbetterstrengththantheoldPLA.D.ThenewPLAhavebeenproducedinlargeamounts.第Ⅱ卷（共65分）Ⅰ.選詞填空（共7小題；每小題2分，共14分）用方框中單詞的適當形式完成下列句子,每個單詞只能用一次。montheffectrelaxlimitharmtalentperform31.Peoplefeelmore________whenwearingcasualclothes.32.Theactorsarejustamazing.Theyareallvery________.33.Doctorshavewarnedagainstthe________effectsofsmoking.34.Your________asastudentwillbeexcellentifyoudevelopahabitofreflectingonhowyoulearn.35.Theadvertisementwassimplebutremarkably________.36.Thesemachineshavetobechecked________.37.Wearedoingourbestwiththe________resourcesavailable.Ⅱ.語法填空（共10小題；每小題1分，共10分）在未給提示詞的空白處填寫1個適當?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。38.Roots＆Shootsisaninstitute________(establish)intheearly1990sbyDr.JaneGoodall.（所給詞的適當形式填空）39.BeijingOperaisoneofChina’snational________.(treasure)（所給詞的適當形式填空）40.A19-meterspermwhale________(rescue)fromtheshoresofXiangshancountyinNingbo,Zhejiangprovince,onApril20.（所給詞的適當形式填空）41.TheShenzhouXIVcrew________(meet)anotherthreeastronautsfromtheShenzhouXVmissioninDecember,2022.（所給詞的適當形式填空）42.Moreexpresswayswillbebuiltsoon________(promote)thelocaleconomy.（所給詞的適當形式填空）43.TuYouyouisthescientist________discoveryhasledtothedevelopmentofnewdrugswhichhavesavedmillionsoflives.（用適當?shù)脑~填空）44.Weallknowthattherearevarioustypesofpollutionaroundus,________maycausedifferentkindsofenvironmentalproblems.（用適當?shù)脑~填空）45.—Whydidn’tIseeyouatJim’sbirthdaypartylastnight?—I________(receive)acallfrommyboss,tellingmetodosomeextrapaperwork.（所給詞的適當形式填空）46.________(land)onthemoon’sfarsideisextremelychallenging.(所給詞的適當形式填空)47.Thisis________myfatherhastaughtme—toalwaysfacedifficultiesandhopeforthebest.(用適當?shù)脑~填空)Ⅲ.完成句子（共5小題;第63、64題每題2分,第65、66、67題每題3分,共13分）根據(jù)括號中所給提示完成下列句子。48.我希望能在你們的幫助下取得很大的進步。(makeprogress)（漢譯英）49.地球的主要能源來自太陽。(comefrom)（漢譯英）50.綠色生活就是與自然和諧相處。(inharmonywith)（漢譯英）51.減少污染的一個好方法是改變我們的生活習慣。(changeone’slivinghabits)（漢譯英）52.我認為與自己的弱點作斗爭的人也是令人欽佩的人。(fightagainst)（漢譯英）Ⅳ.閱讀表達（共4小題;每小題2分,共8分）閱讀下面的短文和問題，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，在相應題號后的橫線上寫下相關(guān)信息，完成對該問題的回答。答語要意思清楚，結(jié)構(gòu)正確，書寫工整。LaughingMattersMakingpeoplelaughconnectsustooneanother.Butwhatarelaughingmattersrelatedto?Forme,theyareaboutpersonallifestoriesandexperiences.Lifewillalwayschange,andthereforelaughingmattersvaryaccordingly.Whilewemaynothavethesameexperiences,everyonecanrelatetoobservationsonlife,family,andthevarietiesofbehaviorweallencountereverydayaswegoaboutlife.Laughingmattersarededicatedtomakinglaughterapartofdailylifeandbuildingahealthierandlessstressfuloutlook.Itca