2023屆陜西省咸陽市高三高考模擬檢測（一）英語試題（ 含答案解析 ）

第1頁/共1頁咸陽市2023年高考模擬檢測（一）英語試題注意事項：1.本試卷共10頁，全卷滿分150分，答題時間為120分鐘；2.答卷前，考生須準(zhǔn)確填寫自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號，并認(rèn)真核準(zhǔn)條形碼上的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號；3.回答選擇題時，選出每小題答案后，用2B鉛筆把答題卡上對應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號涂黑。如需改動，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其它答案標(biāo)號?；卮鸱沁x擇題時，將答案寫在答題卡上。寫在本試卷上無效。4.考試結(jié)束后，監(jiān)考員將答題卡按順序收回，裝袋整理；試題不回收。第一部分：聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）做題時，先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)（共5小題，每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。1.Howdidthemanlearnhisbasketballskills?A.Fromhisschoolteam.B.Fromhisbrother.C.Fromhisworkteam.2Whatwilltheboydofirst?A.Watchamovie.B.Havedinner.C.Finishhishomework.3.WheredidSallybuyhershirt?A.Atthedepartmentstore.B.Atanexpensivestore.C.OntheInternet.4.Howdoestheboyfeelabouthisexam?A.Proud.B.Pleased.C.Disappointed.5.Whatdoesthewomanprobablydo?A.Sheisachef.B.Sheisawaitress.C.Sheisamanager.第二節(jié)（共15小題，每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.Wheredoesthemanwanttogo?A.Tohisoffice.B.Toabusstation.C.Tothecentrallibrary.7.Howdoesthewomansoundtotheman?A.Thankful.B.Sympathetic.C.Confused.聽第7段材料，回答第8至10題。8.Whyisthemanupset?A.Hehastofixhiscar.B.Hedoesn’tlikethesnow.C.Hehasbeentoobusywithwork.9.Whenwillthespeakersmeet?A.At4:00.B.At12:00.C.At12:30.10.Wherewillthemangonext?A.Theoffice.B.Thetrainstation.C.Thewoman’shouse.聽第8段材料，回答第11至13題。11.Whatisthematterwiththe,man’ssonatschool?A.Hedoesn’tdowellintests.B.Heislonelywithfewfriends.C.Heiseasilydistractedinclass.12.Whatdoesthewomansuggesttheman’ssondo?A.Makemorenewfriends.B.Havemorechallenginghomework.C.Practicemorebeforetests.13.What’stheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Wifeandhusband.B.Teacherandparent.C.Friends.聽第9段材料，回答第14至16題。14.Wherearethewoman’sparentsstayingbeforetheyretire?A.InNewYork.B.InCalifornia.C.InFlorida.15.Whatwillthemandoafterhighschoolgraduation?A.Travelaroundtheworld.B.AttenduniversityinBoston.C.Takeapart-timejob.16.Whendidthemantakeacampustour?A.Lastweek.B.Yesterday.C.Lastmonth.聽第10段材料，回答第17至20題。17.WhoisAnna?A.AnoperatorB.Anassistant.C.Arider.18.Whatisthespeakerexplaining?A.Whatarideoperatorshoulddo.B.Howtheyshouldtakeapictureontheride.C.Whatrulestheyarefortheride.19.Whathappenedearliertodaytoarider?A.Hissafetybeltbroke.B.Helosthisphoneontheride.C.Hewasremovedfromtheparkforspitting.20.Whatwilltheaudiencedonext?A.Boardthecar.B.AskAnnasomequestions.C.Getsomefoodanddrinks.第二部分：閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿分40分）第一節(jié)（共15小題，每小題2分，滿分30分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個選項（A、B、C和D）中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。ATicketInformationDuetoextremelyhighdemand,ticketsforthethreetraditionalend-of-yearconcertsoftheViennaPhilharmonicaredrawnexclusivelyontheViennaPhilharmonicwebsite.Inthisway,peopleworldwidehaveanequalchancetopurchasethesehighlydesiredtickets.ApplicationPeriod:February1-28,2023Duringthisperiod,interestedpersonscanapplyonthiswebsiteforticketstothePreviewPerformance,theNewYear’sEveConcert,andtheNewYear’sConcert.Thefirststeptowardmakinganapplicationforticketsistoregisterforthedrawing.TheregistrationisseparatefromyouruseraccountfortheWebshopandisspecificallyforthedrawing.Userscanentertheirticketpreferencesfortheupcomingconcertsduringtheapplicationperiod.PriceCategoriesThenumberofticketsfortheNewYear’sConcertislimitedtotwo,andthenumberofticketsforthePreviewPerformanceandNewYear’sEveConcertcanbeuptofour.Theticketpricesrangebetween35€and1200€fortheNewYear’sConcert,25€and860€fortheNewYear’sEveConcert,andbetween20€and495€forthePreviewPerformance.Ifyouwishtochangeyourapplication,youmayonlydosoduringtheapplicationperiod.InMarch,youwillknowtheresultsofthedrawing.WhenShouldIApply?Withintheone-monthapplicationperiod,theactualtimeofapplicationisirrelevant.AnapplicationmadeonFebruary1hasthesamechancesasanapplicationmadeonFebruary28.Theonlywaytoobtainticketsfortheseconcertsisbytakingpartintheonlinedrawing!Requestssubmittedthroughthepostalsystem,bye-mailorbyanyothermeanswillnotbeconsidered!1.Whocouldbemostinterestedinthisinformation?A.Awebsitedesigner. B.Apaintinglover.C.Amusicfan. D.Atouristguide.2.Whatdoyouhavetodotogettickets?A.Applyonemonthinadvance. B.Participateinthedrawing.C.Sende-mailstothewebshop. D.Usethesamenameastheuseraccount.3.HowmuchmustyoupayatleastfortwoticketsforthePreviewPerformance?A.70€. B.25€. C.50€. D.40€.【答案】1.C2.B3.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要提供了音樂會的一些售票信息?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Duetoextremelyhighdemand,ticketsforthethreetraditionalend-of-yearconcertsoftheViennaPhilharmonicaredrawnexclusivelyontheViennaPhilharmonicwebsite.(由于需求極高，維也納愛樂的三場傳統(tǒng)年終音樂會只能在維也納愛樂樂團(tuán)網(wǎng)站上購票)”可知，文章介紹的音樂會門票的相關(guān)信息。由此推知，音樂迷會對這些信息最感興趣。故選C?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“TheregistrationisseparatefromyouruseraccountfortheWebshopandisspecificallyforthedrawing.(注冊是獨立于您的用戶帳戶的網(wǎng)上商店，是專門為繪圖)”可知，參與繪圖才能買到票。故選B?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Theticketpricesrangebetween35€and1200€fortheNewYear’sConcert,25€and860€fortheNewYear’sEveConcert,andbetween20€and495€forthePreviewPerformance.(新年音樂會的票價在35歐元到1200歐元之間，跨年音樂會的票價在25歐元到860歐元之間，預(yù)覽演出的票價在20歐元到495歐元之間)”可知，兩張預(yù)演的票至少要40€。故選D。BBorninRussiaandlivinginanorphanage(孤兒院)forthefirst13monthsofherlife,JessicaLonghadnoideawhatherfuturewouldhold.ThelittlegirlbornwithFibularHemimeliawouldnotonlygoontobea13-timegoldmedal-winningParalympicchampion,butshewouldinspireotherstochasetheirdreams.LongwasborninRussia,whereshelivedinanorphanageuntilherparentsadoptedherin1993.Soonafterbeingadopted,shehadtohaveherlegsamputated(截肢)atonlyayearandahalf.“Itgavemealotoffreedomandmovement,”Longsaid.“Butgrowingupwasdefinitelyreallyhard.Fromaveryearlyage,IjustdecidedthatIwasgoingtobeunstoppableandIwasn’tgoingtoletmylegsholdmeback.”Fromthatpointforward,shedidn’tletanyonetellherwhatshewasorwasn’tcapableofdoing.Shestarteddoinggymnasticsasakid.Then,in2002,Longfoundhersportforlife:swimming!“Iwastheonlygirlwithnolegsontheswimteam,”shesaid.“ThereweremomentsIstruggled,butmyteammatestreatedmelikeafriend.WhenIlookbackonmylifeandIthinkaboutanyoneonthatteam,noonemadefunofmeforhavingnolegsandtheyweresokind.”Longdefied(頂住)alloddsandsurprisedeveryonewhenshequalifiedatageonly12fortheParalympicsin2004inAthens.AfterfourParalympics,Longhaswon13gold,sixsilver,andfourbronzemedals.ShehasdozensofWorldChampionshipmedalsandhasbrokennumerousworldrecordsthroughouthercareersofar.Butshedidn’tconcentrateonwinningawardsorbeingfamous.“Ireallyjustloveswimming.It’simportantforanyathletetorememberjustwhyyoustarted,”shesaid.Asoneofthemostdecoratedathletesinhistory,Long’sgoalistojustkeepcompetingaslongasherbodyallows.“Dreambig,”shesaid.“Therearesomanypossibilitiesoutthere,sofindyourpassion,beconsistentandworkhard.Youdefineyourownsuccess.”4.HowoldwasLongwhenshefoundherlifesport?A.11 B.10. C.12. D.13.5.WhatmadeJessicadeterminetodevoteherselftoswimming?A.Herexperienceofwinning13goldmedals.B.Herparents’supportandteachers’help.C.Herteammates’understandingandkindness.D.Herfocusonwinningawardsandfame.6.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Apoororphanageandherclosefriends.B.Ahappygirlandherconfusingchildhood.C.Anamazingillnessanditsterribleinfluence.D.Aninspiringstoryaboutanunluckyperson.7.WhichofthefollowingmayLongmostagreewith?A.Ifyoucandreamit,youcanmakeit.B.Ifyouwanttosucceed,learntoswim.C.Amanneverreachessuccessuntildisabled.D.Asportsman’sgoaliswinninggoldmedals.【答案】4.B5.C6.D7.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。講述了殘疾運動員杰西卡·朗克服身體限制，努力奮斗，成為了13枚殘奧會金牌得主的故事?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“BorninRussiaandlivinginanorphanageforthefirst13monthsofherlife,JessicaLonghadnoideawhatherfuturewouldhold.(杰西卡·朗出生于俄羅斯，在她生命的前13個月住在孤兒院，她不知道自己的未來會是什么樣子)”以及第二段中“LongwasborninRussia,whereshelivedinanorphanageuntilherparentsadoptedherin1993.(朗出生在俄羅斯，在1993年被父母收養(yǎng)之前，她一直住在一家孤兒院)”可知，朗是在1992年出生的，再根據(jù)第二段中“Then,in2002,Longfoundhersportforlife:swimming!(然后，在2002年，朗找到了她一生的運動：游泳!)”可知，她是在10歲時找到游泳這項終身運動的。故選B項?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中“ThereweremomentsIstruggled,butmyteammatestreatedmelikeafriend.WhenIlookbackonmylifeandIthinkaboutanyoneonthatteam,noonemadefunofmeforhavingnolegsandtheyweresokind.(有些時候我很掙扎，但我的隊友們像朋友一樣對待我。當(dāng)我回顧我的人生，想到游泳隊里的每一個人，沒有人因為我沒有腿而取笑我，他們都很善良)”可推知，杰西卡也曾掙扎過，但是隊友的理解和善良讓她堅持下去了。故選C項?！?題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“BorninRussiaandlivinginanorphanageforthefirst13monthsofherlife,JessicaLonghadnoideawhatherfuturewouldhold.ThelittlegirlbornwithFibularHemimeliawouldnotonlygoontobea13-timegoldmedal-winningParalympicchampion,butshewouldinspireotherstochasetheirdreams.(杰西卡·朗出生于俄羅斯，在她生命的前13個月住在孤兒院，她不知道自己的未來會是什么樣子。這個天生患有腓骨半足癥的小女孩不僅成為了13枚殘奧會金牌得主，而且還激勵了其他人去追逐他們的夢想)”以及最后一段“Asoneofthemostdecoratedathletesinhistory,Long’sgoalistojustkeepcompetingaslongasherbodyallows.“Dreambig,”shesaid.“Therearesomanypossibilitiesoutthere,sofindyourpassion,beconsistentandworkhard.Youdefineyourownsuccess.”(作為歷史上獲得榮譽最多的運動員之一，朗的目標(biāo)是只要她的身體允許，就繼續(xù)比賽?！耙羞h(yuǎn)大的夢想，”她說?！坝刑嗟目赡苄裕哉业侥愕募で?，堅持不懈，努力工作。你自己定義自己的成功。”)”可知，本文主要是通過講述杰西卡的故事，來激勵他人，也就是一個關(guān)于不幸的人的鼓舞人心的故事。故選D項?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后第一段中“Asoneofthemostdecoratedathletesinhistory,Long’sgoalistojustkeepcompetingaslongasherbodyallows.“Dreambig,”shesaid.“Therearesomanypossibilitiesoutthere,sofindyourpassion,beconsistentandworkhard.Youdefineyourownsuccess.”(作為歷史上獲得榮譽最多的運動員之一，朗的目標(biāo)是只要她的身體允許，就繼續(xù)比賽?！耙羞h(yuǎn)大的夢想，”她說?！坝刑嗟目赡苄?，所以找到你的激情，堅持不懈，努力工作。你自己定義自己的成功?！?”可知，杰西卡認(rèn)為只要有夢想，你就要堅持下去，就能做到，所以她會同意A項“Ifyoucandreamit,youcanmakeit.(如果你能夢想，你就能做到)”。故選A項。CNeuroscientists(神經(jīng)科學(xué)家)nowknowthatbrainmaturation(成熟)occursfarlaterthanpreviouslythought.Greatchangesinbrainarestilltakingplaceduringyoungadulthood,especiallyintheregionsthatareimportantforplanningahead,expectingthefutureresultsofone’sdecisions,andcomparingriskandreward.Indeed,somebrainregionsdonotreachfullmaturityuntiltheearly20s.Shouldthisnewknowledgemakeusrethinkwherewedrawlegalboundariesbetweenkidsandadults?Maybe.Butit’snotassimpleasitseemsfortworeasons.First,differentbrainregionsmaturealongwithdifferenttimetables.Thereisnosingleageatwhichtheadolescentbrainbecomesanadultbrain.Systemsresponsibleforlogicalreasoningmaturewhenpeopleare16,butthoseinvolvedinself-regulationarestilldevelopinginyoungadulthood.Thisiswhy16-year-oldsarejustascapableasadultswhenitcomestopermittinginformedmedicalpapers,butarestillimmatureinwaysthatreducetheircriminalresponsibility,astheSupremeCourthasnotedinseveralrecentcases.Usingdifferentagesfordifferentlegalboundariesseemsstrange,butitwouldmakeneuro-scientificsenseifwediditreasonably.Second,sciencehasneverhadmuchinfluenceonthesedecisions.Ifitdid,wewouldn’thavelivedinasocietythatallowsteenagerstodrivebeforetheycanbuybeer.Ageboundariesaredrawnmainlyforpoliticalreasons,notscientificones.It’sapitythatNeurosciencewon’thavemuchofanimpactonpoliticsalthoughitisalwayscorrect.Childrenaresochangeableintheirgrowthandhowculturesunderstandchilddevelopmentissodifferent.Itispointlesstotrytodeterminethe“right”ageofmaturation.TheDutch,forexample,allowchildrentodrinkalcoholattheageof16butnottodriveuntiltheyare19.EvenifIfirmlybelievelegaldecisionsshouldrefertoNeuroscienceseriouslyandit’sagoodideatolowerthedrinkingageandraisethedrivingageintheUS,Irecognizethatthegovernmentmightneveracceptit.8.Whatcanwelearnaboutbrainmaturationaccordingtothepassage?A.Allthebrainareasbecomematureatthesametime.B.Scientists’brainmaturesmuchearlierthanpoliticians’.C.Theregioninchargeoflogicalreasoningisn’tmatureuntil18.D.Thetimeofbrainmaturationisnotasearlyasthoughtbefore.9.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsNeuroscience?A.Favorable. B.Skeptical. C.Indifferent. D.Intolerant.10.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A.It’sillegalforaDutchboytodriveattheageof16.B.ThecultureoftheDutchismuchbetterthantheUSA.C.It’sofgreatvaluetodeterminetherightageofmaturation.D.Theinfluenceofscienceonlawandpolicymakingisverybig.11.Whatcouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.ShouldChildrenLearnfromCapableAdults?B.CanNeuroscienceCreateMatureScientists?C.ShouldNeuroscienceAffectLawDecisions?D.CanChildrenDriveandDrinkBeerLikeAdults?【答案】8.D9.A10.A11.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇議論文。本文主要議論了神經(jīng)科學(xué)家對人大腦的成熟有了新的認(rèn)知，即大腦成熟的時間比以前認(rèn)為的要晚一些，由此是否應(yīng)該讓我們重新思考孩子和成年人之間的法律界限，即神經(jīng)科學(xué)的結(jié)論能否影響法律決定的制定，但實際而言事情看上去并不是那么簡單，由此文章解釋了兩個原因，即對該問題進(jìn)行了否定回答?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Neuroscientists(神經(jīng)科學(xué)家)nowknowthatbrainmaturation(成熟)occursfarlaterthanpreviouslythought.(神經(jīng)科學(xué)家現(xiàn)在知道，大腦成熟時間比以前認(rèn)為的要晚得多。)”可知，大腦成熟的時間并不像以前想象的那么早。故選D?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中“It’sapitythatNeurosciencewon’thavemuchofanimpactonpoliticsalthoughitisalwayscorrect.(雖然神經(jīng)科學(xué)總是正確的，但遺憾的是它不會對政治產(chǎn)生太大的影響。)”以及最后一段“EvenifIfirmlybelievelegaldecisionsshouldrefertoNeuroscienceseriouslyandit’sagoodideatolowerthedrinkingageandraisethedrivingageintheUS(即使我堅信法律決定應(yīng)該認(rèn)真參考神經(jīng)科學(xué)，在美國降低飲酒年齡和提高駕駛年齡是個好主意)”可知，作者認(rèn)為神經(jīng)科學(xué)給出的結(jié)論是正確的，只是它沒有受到政治的關(guān)注，未對政治產(chǎn)生重大影響。由此推斷作者對神經(jīng)科學(xué)持有的是支持的態(tài)度。故選A。【10題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“TheDutch,forexample,allowchildrentodrinkalcoholattheageof16butnottodriveuntiltheyare19.(例如，荷蘭允許16歲的孩子喝酒，但直到19歲才能開車。)”可知，荷蘭是允許16歲的孩子喝酒的，但是19歲才能開車即19歲以下開車是違法的。故選A?！?1題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Neuroscientists(神經(jīng)科學(xué)家)nowknowthatbrainmaturation(成熟)occursfarlaterthanpreviouslythought.(神經(jīng)科學(xué)家現(xiàn)在知道，大腦成熟的時間比以前認(rèn)為的要晚得多。)”；以及本段中“Shouldthisnewknowledgemakeusrethinkwherewedrawlegalboundariesbetweenkidsandadults?(這一新知識是否會讓我們重新思考孩子和成年人之間的法律界限？)”以及第二段中“Maybe.Butit’snotassimpleasitseemsfortworeasons.(也許吧。但事情并不像看上去那么簡單，原因有二。)”可知，本文主要議論了神經(jīng)科學(xué)家對人大腦的成熟有了新的認(rèn)知，即大腦成熟的時間比以前認(rèn)為的要晚一些，由此是否應(yīng)該讓我們重新思考孩子和成年人之間的法律界限，即神經(jīng)科學(xué)的結(jié)論能否影響法律決定的制定，但實際而言事情看上去并不是那么簡單，由此文章解釋了兩個原因，即對該問題進(jìn)行了否定回答。故C選項“ShouldNeuroscienceAffectLawDecisions?(神經(jīng)科學(xué)會影響法律決策嗎？)”符合文章標(biāo)題。故選C。DBothlab-grownandplant-basedalternativesareclosetothetasteandnutritionalvalueofrealmeatwithoutenvironmentaldamage.TheUNexpectstheworldtohave9.8billionpeopleby2050.Bythatdate,accordingtothepredictions,humanswillconsume70%moremeatthantheydidin2005.Anditturnsoutthatraisinganimalsforhumanconsumptionisamongtheworstthingswedototheenvironment.Dependingontheanimal,producingapoundofmeatproteinwithWestemindustrializedmethodsneeds4to25timesmorewater,6to17timesmoreland,and6to20timesmorefossilfuelsthanproducingapoundofplantprotein.Theproblemisthatpeoplearen’tlikelytostopeatingmeatanytimesoon.Thismeanslab-grownandplant-basedalternativesmightbethebestwaytolimitthedamage.Makinglab-grownmeatinvolvesgettingmuscletissuefromanimalsandgrowingitinbioreactors.Theendproductlooksmuchlikewhatyou’dgetfromananimal,althoughresearchersarestillworkingonthetaste.ResearchersatMaastrichtUniversity,whoareworkingtoproducelab-grownmeatatscale,believethey’llhavealab-grownburgeravailablebynextyear.Oneshortcomingoflab-grownmeatisthattheenvironmentalbenefitsarestillsmall-arecentWorldEconomicForumreportsaystheemissionsfromlab-grownmeatwouldbeonlyaround7％lessthanemissionsfrombeefproduction.Abetterenvironmentalcasecanbemadeforplant-basedmeatsfromcompanieslikeBeyondMeatFoods,whichusepeaproteins,wheat,potatoes,andplantoilstomimictherealtasteofanimalmeat.AccordingtoananalysisbytheCenterforSustainableSystemsattheUniversityofMichigan,aBeyondMeatpiewouldprobablygenerate90%lessgreenhouse-gasemissionsthanatraditionalburgermadefromacow.12.Whywerelab-grownandplant-basedmeatintroduced?A.Toeatmoretastyanddeliciousmeat. B.Toreducedamagetotheenvironment.C.Tohaveasmuchproteinaspeoplecan. D.Toridtheworldofseverehungerproblems.13.Whatcanwelearnaboutlab-grownmeatfromParagraph3?A.Makinglab-grownmeatinvolveskillinganimalsfirst.B.Consuminglab-grownmeatcanberealizednextyear.C.Thecostoflab-grownbeefis7%cheaperthanrealbeef.D.Thedamageoflab-grownmeattotheenvironmentisstillbig.14.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“mimic”inParagraph4probablymean?A.Copy. B.Ruin. C.Change. D.Sell.15.Whereisthistextprobablytakenfrom?A.Atextbook. B.Anexampaper. C.Asciencemagazine. D.Acourseplan.【答案】12.B13.D14.A15.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了人們正在研發(fā)植物肉，說明了背后的原因以及存在的問題?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Anditturnsoutthatraisinganimalsforhumanconsumptionisamongtheworstthingswedototheenvironment.Dependingontheanimal,producingapoundofmeatproteinwithWestemindustrializedmethodsneeds4to25timesmorewater,6to17timesmoreland,and6to20timesmorefossilfuelsthanproducingapoundofplantprotein.(事實證明，飼養(yǎng)動物供人類食用是我們對環(huán)境做的最糟糕的事情之一。根據(jù)不同的動物，用西方工業(yè)化的方法生產(chǎn)一磅肉蛋白需要比生產(chǎn)一磅植物蛋白多4到25倍的水，6到17倍的土地和6到20倍的化石燃料)”可知，引進(jìn)實驗室培育的植物肉是為了減少對環(huán)境的破壞。故選B?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Oneshortcomingoflab-grownmeatisthattheenvironmentalbenefitsarestillsmall-arecentWorldEconomicForumreportsaystheemissionsfromlab-grownmeatwouldbeonlyaround7％lessthanemissionsfrombeefproduction.(實驗室培育肉類的一個缺點是環(huán)境效益仍然很小——世界經(jīng)濟(jì)論壇最近的一份報告稱，實驗室培育肉類的排放量只比牛肉生產(chǎn)的排放量少7%左右)”可知，實驗室培育的肉類對環(huán)境的破壞仍然很大。故選D?！?4題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞上文“Abetterenvironmentalcasecanbemadeforplant-basedmeatsfromcompanieslikeBeyondMeatFoods,whichusepeaproteins,wheat,potatoes,andplantoilsto”以及后文“therealtasteofanimalmeat”可知，BeyondMeatFoods等公司生產(chǎn)的植物性肉類可以更好地保護(hù)環(huán)境，他們使用豌豆蛋白、小麥、土豆和植物油來模仿動物肉的真實味道。故畫線詞意思是“復(fù)制”。故選A。【15題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Bothlab-grownandplant-basedalternativesareclosetothetasteandnutritionalvalueofrealmeatwithoutenvironmentaldamage.(實驗室培育的和植物性的替代品都接近于真正肉類的味道和營養(yǎng)價值，而不會對環(huán)境造成破壞)”結(jié)合文章主要介紹了人們正在研發(fā)植物肉，說明了背后的原因以及存在的問題可推知，文章選自科學(xué)雜志。故選C。第二節(jié)（共5小題，每小題2分，滿分10分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Arhetoricalquestionisaquestionthatrequiresnoreply,eitherbecausetheanswerisobviousorbecausetheaskeralreadyknowstheanswer.Asoneofthemostcommonlyusedpersuasivetechniquesforspeeches,itissoeffectiveatattractingyouraudience.____16____.So,youneedtofindtherightbalance!Forceyouraudiencetothink.____17____,andyouraudiencewillstartthinkingabouttheanswersbythemselves.Thesequestionsdon’thavefixedorstandardanswers.Forexample,“Whatdoyouthinktheworldwilllooklikein50years?Whatweresomeideasthatpoppedintoyourhead?Istheworldexactlythesameasourstoday?Doesithavelevitatingcarsandmagicglasses?Orisitdyingfromclimatechange?”Yousee,whensomeoneasksyouarhetoricalquestion,youstarttoexploredifferentideasinyourmind.____18____.Emphasizeaspecificpoint.Youcanuserhetoricalquestionstoemphasizeyourpreviousstatement.____19____.Forexample:“67%ofallAustraliansareoverweight.Areyouoneofthem?”Here,therhetoricalquestionhammersthepreviousstatementinyourmind.Yourealizethat67%isactuallyareallyhighpercentage.Evokeemotions.Rhetoricalquestionscanalsoevokeemotionsbyputtingtheaudienceinasituationwheretheycanhavereal-timeexperiencewithwhatisbeingdiscussed.Let’schangethestatement“Futuregenerationswillneverseetigersorpolarbearsagain”intoarhetoricalquestion“Whatifyourchildandtheirchildcanneverseeatigerorpolarbearagain?”____20____.Thishelpsyouconvincethemtobelieveyourspeech.A.Askopen-endedquestionsB.WhenyouraudiencethinkyouareanicemanC.UsenewtechnologiestopreventyouraudiencefromtakinganapD.ManypeoplewillbecertainlyemotionalbyhearingsuchquestionsE.ThiswillmakeyouraudiencethinkhardaboutwhatyousaidjustnowF.YoumightevenfindyourselfexploringnewpossibilitiesyouneverthoughtbeforeG.However,overusingrhetoricaltechniquescanalsomakeyourspeechsoundtoorepetitive【答案】16.G17.A18.F19.E20.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了如何使用反問句修辭技巧?！?6題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Arhetoricalquestionisaquestionthatrequiresnoreply,eitherbecausetheanswerisobviousorbecausetheaskeralreadyknowstheanswer.Asoneofthemostcommonlyusedpersuasivetechniquesforspeeches,itissoeffectiveatattractingyouraudience.(反問是不需要回答的問題，因為答案是顯而易見的，或者因為提問者已經(jīng)知道答案。作為演講中最常用的說服性技巧之一，它在吸引聽眾方面非常有效)”以及后文“So,youneedtofindtherightbalance!(所以，你需要找到正確的平衡！)”可知，本句與上文構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折，指出使用修辭技巧存在的問題：使你的演講聽起來過于重復(fù)。故G選項“然而，過度使用修辭技巧也會使你的演講聽起來過于重復(fù)”符合語境，故選G?！?7題詳解】根據(jù)后文“andyouraudiencewillstartthinkingabouttheanswersbythemselves.Thesequestionsdon’thavefixedorstandardanswers.(你的聽眾會開始自己思考答案。這些問題沒有固定的或標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的答案)”可知，后文提到問題沒有固定或標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的答案，可見是開放式問題。故A選項“問開放式問題”符合語境，故選A。【18題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Forexample,“Whatdoyouthinktheworldwilllooklikein50years?Whatweresomeideasthatpoppedintoyourhead?Istheworldexactlythesameasourstoday?Doesithavelevitatingcarsandmagicglasses?Orisitdyingfromclimatechange?”Yousee,whensomeoneasksyouarhetoricalquestion,youstarttoexploredifferentideasinyourmind.(例如，“你認(rèn)為50年后世界會是什么樣子？你腦子里突然冒出了什么想法?這個世界和我們今天的世界完全一樣嗎？里面有懸浮汽車和神奇眼鏡嗎？還是因為氣候變化而消亡？”你看，當(dāng)有人問你一個反問句時，你就會開始在腦海中探索不同的想法)”可知，上文提到了在腦海中探索不同的想法，本句為本段最后一句，故承接上文說明探索以前從未想過的新可能性。故F選項“你甚至?xí)l(fā)現(xiàn)自己在探索以前從未想過的新可能性”符合語境，故選F。【19題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Youcanuserhetoricalquestionstoemphasizeyourpreviousstatement.(你可以使用反問句來強(qiáng)調(diào)你之前的陳述)”可知，本句承接上文說明這么做的作用：讓你的聽眾仔細(xì)思考你剛才說的話。故E選項“這會讓你的聽眾仔細(xì)思考你剛才說的話”符合語境，故選E?！?0題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Let’schangethestatement“Futuregenerationswillneverseetigersorpolarbearsagain”intoarhetoricalquestion“Whatifyourchildandtheirchildcanneverseeatigerorpolarbearagain?”(讓我們把“后代再也見不到老虎或北極熊了”這句話改成“如果你的孩子和他們的孩子再也見不到老虎或北極熊了怎么辦？”)”可知，本句為本段最后一句，應(yīng)承接上文說明這么做帶來的結(jié)果：許多人聽到這樣的問題肯定會激動。故D選項“許多人聽到這樣的問題肯定會激動”符合語境，故選D。第三部分：英語知識運用（共兩節(jié)，滿分45分）第一節(jié)完形填空（共20小題，每小題1.5分，滿分30分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給四個選項（A、B、C和D）中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。Almosteightyearsago,Nixondecidedtobegineachdayfromabench,enjoyingaspectacularsunriseattheSt.Petersburg,Florida,waterfront.“Icallit‘liferising’becausewatchinga____21____makesmefeelcenteredbeforestartingmyday,”saysNixon.It’sNixon’sown____22____ofhismotivation.However,ayearlater,apassingwoman____23____hisoriginalthoughtonhisdaily____24____.Shesaid,“EverymorningwhenIseeyousittinghere,Iknowthat____25____isgoingtobeOK.”Nixon____26____“ItwasatthatmomentthatIsuddenlyrealized:Everypersonwhostoppedbythebench____27____myattention.Ineededtomakeeye____28____andletpeopleknowwe____29____toeachother.”Insteadofjust______30______atthesunrise,Nixonstartedsmilingatpeopleandlendinga(n)______31______tolistentothemwithoutaskingforanyreturn.Andprettysoon,hestarted______32______withsomeearlyriserswhobeganjoininghimonthebench.Later,somestrangerseven______33______themselvesouttoturntoNixonforadviceaboutrelationships,careers,andpersonalproblems.“Iwashappyto______34______,”Nixon,59,says,“Iwantedpeopletoknowthattheyneedn’tfeel______35______orupsetwhenwalkingaway.Atthisperiodinlife,thisis______36______mypurpose.”So,everymorning,weatherpermitting,Nixon______37______at4:30a.m,putsonahat,sipsacupofcoffee,then______38______thewaterfront,wherehe’llstayfortwohours.Hispresence,his______39______tolisten,andhiskindnesstoward______40______,haveledsometonicknamehimtheSunshineMayor.21.A.sea B.wave C.sunrise D.passer-by22.A.description B.organization C.invitation D.addition23.A.posted B.ignored C.regretted D.changed24.A.routine B.appointment C.business D.movement25.A.anything B.everything C.something D.nothing26.A.rewards B.reports C.rebuilds D.recalls27.A.avoided B.deserved C.attempted D.paid28.A.direction B.information C.escape D.contact29.A.belonged B.separated C.mattered D.devoted30.A.staring B.glaring C.watching D.enjoying31.A.heart B.ear C.nose D.eye32.A.vacations B.conflicts C.arguments D.conversations33.A.worked B.left C.poured D.pointed34.A.listen B.leave C.stay D.sit35.A.friendly B.silly C.lonely D.likely36.A.regularly B.definitely C.secretly D.frequently37.A.rises B.sleeps C.works D.starts38.A.headsup B.headson C.headsfor D.headsback39.A.selfishness B.loneliness C.hardness D.openness40.A.colleagues B.strangers C.friends D.acquaintances【答案】21.C22.A23.D24.A25.B26.D27.B28.D29.C30.A31.B32.D33.C34.A35.C36.B37.A38.C39.D40.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了尼克松在八年前決定用坐在長凳上欣賞海灘風(fēng)光來開始自己的一天。但是一年后，他改變了自己的想法，不僅僅只是欣賞風(fēng)光，他開始對人們微笑，展開對話，學(xué)會傾聽過往的人們，從而被人們成為“陽光市長”的故事?！?1題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：因為看日出能讓我在開始新的一天之前感覺自己很有自信。A.sea大海；B.wave波浪；C.sunrise日出；D.passer-by過路人。根據(jù)前文“Nixondecidedtobegineachdayfromabench,enjoyingaspectacularsunriseattheSt.Petersburg,Florida,waterfront.”可知，尼克松決定坐在長椅上開始每一天，在佛羅里達(dá)州圣彼得堡的海濱欣賞壯觀的日出，故此處強(qiáng)調(diào)看日出能讓他在開始新的一天之前感覺自己很有自信。故選C?！?2題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：這是尼克松自己對自己動機(jī)的描述。A.description描述；B.organization組織；C.invitation邀請；D.addition增加物。根據(jù)前文““Icallit‘liferising’becausewatchinga____1____makesmefeelcenteredbeforestartingmyday,””可知，這是尼克松自己對自己動機(jī)的描述。故選A?！?3題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，一年后，一個路過的女人改變了他對日常生活的看法。A.posted張貼；B.ignored忽視；C.regretted后悔；D.changed改變。根據(jù)后文““ItwasatthatmomentthatIsuddenlyrealized:Everypersonwhostoppedbythebench.”可知，一個路過的女人改變了他對日常生活的看法。故選D?！?4題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：同上。A.rou