2023年考研考博-考博英語(yǔ)-暨南大學(xué)歷年高頻考題黑鉆摘選版附帶答案

2023年考研考博-考博英語(yǔ)-暨南大學(xué)歷年高頻考題黑鉆摘選版附帶答案（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）答案解析附后第1卷一.綜合題(共10題)1.不定項(xiàng)選擇題Inforeigntransporttodaythemostpopularandcommonkindofpackingmaterialisfoam（泡沫）plastic.Beforeitscominginthe1950s,however,peopleusedwood,paper,spongeandcottonaswrappers.Woodandpaperwerenotresistibleenoughtointenseshocksthatwereinevitableduringlongdistancetransport;cottonandspongecosttoomuchtobewrappersforordinarygoodslikeglass,porcelainetc.Oftendelicategoodswereputinawoodentrunk;oneachsideandendtherewasalayerofsponge,everyindividualobjectthenwaswrappedbyathicklayerofpaperorcotton.Thiswasverysafeindeed,butthepackingandunpackingmeantagreatdealoflabourandawasteofalotofmoney.Thearrivaloffoamplasticalmostbroughtarevolutiontotheworld’spackingindustry.Todayitaccountsforthreequartersofpackingmaterialsfordelicategoodswhilecottonandspongehavenearlywithdrawnfromthemodernstageofpackaging.Thisisnothingaccidental:foronethingitisascheapasdirtitself;onetonoffoamplastic,whichoccupiesaspaceofasmuchas1000m3,amountstoonlyUS$260.Itissofterthanwood,andharderthancottonandspongerandpaper,andthereforeamoresuitablewrapperfordelicategoods.Whatismore,itcanbeeasilyshapedbutitsshapeisunchangeablesothatdelicategoodslikecameraswiththeirintruding（外凸的）parts,musicalinstrumentswiththeirirregularshapesandextremedelicacycanbecompletelywrappedandwellprotectedinitwithoutadditionalfillings.Stillanotheradvantageisthatthefoamplasticwrappercanbeusedtosafeguardyourobjectsaslongasitlasts:YoubuyaTVsetinthesupermarket.Thefoamplasticwrapperprotectsitonthewaytoyourhome.Whenyoumovehometenyearslater,thesamewrappercanbepickedoutfromtheboxatthecornerofyourbarnandusedtosafeguardyourTVsettoyournewhome.1.Whatkindofmaterialisfoamplastic?2.Wheredidintenseshocksoftenoccur?3.Whywerecottonandspongenotgoodwrappersforordinarygoods?4.Whatwastheusualcontainerofdelicategoodsbefore?5.Whyisfoamplasticsopopular?Thefollowingarethereasonsexcept?問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.ThecheapestB.ThemostpopularC.ThesafestD.Thehardest問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)A.DuringlongdistancetransportB.InawoodentrunkC.InfreighttransporttodayD.Inamessyshop問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)A.ToosoftB.TooexpensiveC.ToocheapD.Toohard問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)A.AwoodentrunkB.AlayerofspongeC.AlayerofpaperD.Alayerofplastic問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)A.itischeapB.itsshapeisunchangeableC.itcanbeusedformanytimestoprotectthesameobjectD.itisdirtitselfandcanbegoteverywhere2.單選題ParticipantsintheShanghaiCo-operationForum（）regionalteamworktopromoteinvestmentandeconomicdevelopment.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.cursedB.echoedC.bouncedD.hailed3.單選題Theyoungmanlikedthegracefulgirlnexttothedooratthefirstsight;thefeelingis（）,asthegirlsmiledslightlyathim.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.mutualB.visibleC.literalD.inevitable4.單選題NASAiscastingawidernetinthespaceshuttleinvestigationastowhatcausedthespacecrafttoswingoutofcontroland（）momentsbeforeitwastoland.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.disassembleB.disembarkC.disintegrateD.disinherit5.不定項(xiàng)選擇題Goodsenseisthemostequitablydistributedthingintheworld,foreachmanconsidershimselfsowellprovidedwithitthateventhosewhoaremostdifficulttosatisfyineverythingelsedonotusuallywishtohavemoreofitthantheyhavealready.Itisnotlikelythateveryoneismistakeninthis;itshows,rather,thattheabilitytojudgerightlyandseparatethetruefromthefalse,whichisessentiallywhatiscalledgoodsenseorreason,isbynatureequalinallmen,andthusthatouropinionsdiffernotbecausesomemenarebetterendowedwithreasonthanothers,butonlybecausewedirectourthoughtsalongdifferentpaths,anddonotconsiderthesamethings,foritisnotenoughtohaveagoodmind:whatismostimportantistoapplyitrightly.Thegreatestsoulsarecapableofthegreatestvices;andthosewhowalkveryslowlycanadvancemuchfurther,iftheyalwayskeeptothedirectroad,thanthosewhorunandgoastray.Formypart,Ihaveneverpresumedmymindtobemoreperfectthanaverageinanyway.Ihave,infact,oftenwishedthatmythoughtswereasquick,ormyimaginationaspreciseanddistinct,ormymemoryascapaciousorprompt,asthoseofsomeothermen.AndIknowofnootherqualitiesthanthesewhichmakefortheperfectionofthemind;forastoreason,orgoodsense,inasmuchasitalonemakesusmenanddistinguishesusfromthebeasts,Iamquitewillingtobelievethatitiswholeandentireineachofus,andtofollowinthecommonopinionofthephilosopherswhosaythattherearedifferencesofmoreorlessonlyamongtheaccidents,andnotamongtheforms,ornatures,ortheindividualsofasinglespecies.11.Accordingtotheauthor,thethreeelementsthatcomprisetheperfectmindare（）.A.tenacityofthought,capaciousmemory,quicknessofmindB.preciseimagination,tenacityofmemory,quicknessofmindC.quicknessofwit,easeofconscience,quicknessofthoughtD.promptnessofmemory,distinctnessofimagination,quicknessofthought12.Thebasicideaofthefirstparagraphmaybestatedasfollows:（）.A.allpersonshaveanequalportionofgoodwillwhentheyarebornB.greatsoulsarecapableofgreatevilC.goodsense,intermsofitsdistributionamongpersons,maybecalledcommonsenseD.goodsenseisthemarkofthetrulygoodperson13.Abouthimselftheauthorstatesthatwhatsetshumanbeingsapartfrombeastsis（）.A.hehadalwayssensedhismentalsuperiorityovermostpersonsB.hisawarenessofhismentalsuperiorityoverotherwassomethingthatgrewslowlywithexperienceC.heactuallyregardshisownmentalfacultiesasinferiorinmanywaystothoseofthegreatmajorityofpersonsD.hehasneverhadthefeelingthathismindwasmoreperfectthanaverageinanyway14.Theauthorclaimsthatwhatsetshumanbeingsapartfrombeastsis（）.A.asenseoforganizationcombinedwiththeabilitytocreateB.theabilitytoadapttothesurroundingsC.asenseofreasoncoupledwithastrongsenseofpracticalityD.asenseofreason15.Accordingtotheauthor,theabilitytodistinguishbetweenthetrueandthefalseis（）.A.endowedbynaturetoallcreaturesB.endowedinequalmeasuretoallpersonsC.moreheavilypresentinsomepersonsthaninothersD.anunnatural,cultivatedtraitinallpersons問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.tenacityofthought,capaciousmemory,quicknessofmindB.preciseimagination,tenacityofmemory,quicknessofmindC.quicknessofwit,easeofconscience,quicknessofthoughtD.promptnessofmemory,distinctnessofimagination,quicknessofthought問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)A.allpersonshaveanequalportionofgoodwillwhentheyarebornB.greatsoulsarecapableofgreatevilC.goodsense,intermsofitsdistributionamongpersons,maybecalledcommonsenseD.goodsenseisthemarkofthetrulygoodperson問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)A.hehadalwayssensedhismentalsuperiorityovermostpersonsB.hisawarenessofhismentalsuperiorityoverotherwassomethingthatgrewslowlywithexperienceC.heactuallyregardshisownmentalfacultiesasinferiorinmanywaystothoseofthegreatmajorityofpersonsD.hehasneverhadthefeelingthathismindwasmoreperfectthanaverageinanyway問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)A.asenseoforganizationcombinedwiththeabilitytocreateB.theabilitytoadapttothesurroundingsC.asenseofreasoncoupledwithastrongsenseofpracticalityD.asenseofreason問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)A.endowedbynaturetoallcreaturesB.endowedinequalmeasuretoallpersonsC.moreheavilypresentinsomepersonsthaninothersD.anunnatural,cultivatedtraitinallpersons6.單選題Itisessentialtobeonthe（）foranysignsofmovementintheundergrowthsincetherearepoisonoussnakesinthearea.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.guardB.careC.alertD.alarm7.單選題ItisagreedthatallnationsshouldtakemeasuresagainstterrorismonthebasisoftheUN（）andotherinternationallaws.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.CharterB.ConstitutionC.ConcordanceD.Custody8.不定項(xiàng)選擇題Withhumanfootprintsonthemoon,radiotelescopeslisteningformessagesfromaliencreatures(whomayormaynotexist),technicianslookingforcelestialandplanetarysourcesofenergytosupportourcivilization,orbitingtelescopes’datehintingatplanetarysystemsaroundotherstars,andpoliticalgroupstryingtofigureouthowtosavehumanityfromnudewarfarethatwoulddamagelifeandclimateonaplanet-widescale,anastronomybookpublishedtodayentersaworlddifferentfromtheonethatgreetedbooksagenerationago.Astronomyhasbroadenedtoinvolveourbasiccircumstancesandourmysteriousfutureintheuniverse.Witheclipsesandspacemissionsbroadcastlive,andwithNASA,Europe,andtheUSSRplanningandbuildingpermanentspacestations,astronomyoffersadventureforallpeople,anoutwardexploratorythrustthatmayonedaybeseenasanalternativetomindlessconsumerism,ideologicalbickering,andwarstocontroldwindlingresourcesonaclosed,finiteEarth.Today’sastronomystudentsnotonlyseekanupto-datesummaryofastronomicalfacts:theyask,aspeoplehaveaskedforages,aboutourbasicrelationstotherestoftheuniverse.Theymaystudyastronomypartlytoseekpointsofcontactbetweenscienceandotherhumanendeavors:philosophy,history,politics,environmentalaction,eventheartsandreligion.Sciencefictionwritersandspecialeffectartistsonrecentfilmshelptoday’sstudentsrealizethatunseenworldsofspacearerealplaces—notabstractconcepts.Today’sstudentsarecitizensofamorereal,morevastcosmosthatconceptualizedbystudentsofadecadeago.Indesigningthisedition,theWadswortheditorsandIhavetriedtorespondtothesedevelopments.Ratherthanjumpingatthestartintomurkywatersofcosmology,IhavebegunwiththeviewpointofancientpeopleonEarthandworkedoutwardacrosstheuniverse.Thismethodoforganizationautomatically(ifloosely)reflectstheorderofhumanity’sdiscoveriesaboutastronomyandprovidesaunifyingthemeofincreasingdistanceandscale.1.Thispassageismostprobablytakenfrom（）.2.Theauthor’smainpurposeinwritingthefirstparagraphis（）.3.TheauthorthinksthatthegrowinginterestinspaceexplorationamongpeopleonEarthwillprobablyleadto（）.4.Theauthorbelievesthattoday’sastronomiesstudents（）.5.Inthelastparagraph,theunderlinedexpression“thesedevelopments”referstoallofthefollowingEXCEPT（）.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.theprefaceofapieceofsciencefictionB.anarticleofpopularscienceC.alecturegivenbytheauthortoastronomystudentsD.theintroductionofabookofastronomy問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)A.todiscussindetailthemostrecentachievementsinspaceresearchB.toexplainthebackgroundandnewfeaturesoftoday’sastronomyC.toillustratethattheworldtodayisdifferentinmanyaspectsfromthatofagenerationagoD.tointroducesomenewlyestablishedspacestations問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)A.therealizationofpermanentsettlementonotherplanetsB.moredisturbancenotonlyonEarthbutalsoinouterspaceC.orders,harmonyandpeaceonourplanetEarthD.allpeoplehavingchancesoftravellinginspace問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)A.arebetter-informedabouttheunseenworldsofspaceB.maylearnmoreaboutmanandhisresearchinvariousfieldsthroughthestudyofastronomyC.nolongercareaboutastronomicalfactsD.aremuchbrighterthanstudentsofagenerationago問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)A.theworld-wideinvolvementinspaceexplorationB.humanity’snewachievementsinthefieldofastronomyC.thenewconceptsabouttheuniverseacquiredbytoday’sastronomystudentsD.thedevelopmentofsciencefictionandspecialeffectsoffilms9.單選題RussianwomenhadtowearprotectivemasksastheywalkedinMoscow,whichwas（）byaheavysmogyesterday.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.shroudedB.unveiledC.decayedD.deprived10.單選題Therehasbeensomuchmedia（）ofthecomingelectionthatpeoplehavegotboredwithit.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.circulationB.concernC.broadcastingD.coverage第1卷參考答案一.綜合題1.【答案】第1題:B第2題:A第3題:B第4題:A第5題:D【解析】第1題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。由第一段第一句Inforeigntransporttodaythemostpopularandcommonkindofpackingmaterialisfoamplastic（在如今的國(guó)外運(yùn)輸中，泡沫塑料是最流行和最常見(jiàn)的包裝材料）可知，B選項(xiàng)“最受歡迎的”符合題意。第2題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。由第一段第三句Woodandpaperwerenotresistibleenoughtointenseshocksthatwereinevitableduringlongdistancetransport（木材和紙的抗沖擊能力不足以應(yīng)對(duì)長(zhǎng)途運(yùn)輸中不可避免的強(qiáng)烈沖擊）可知長(zhǎng)途運(yùn)輸中，強(qiáng)烈的沖擊是無(wú)法避免的，因此A選項(xiàng)“在長(zhǎng)途運(yùn)輸中”符合題意。第3題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。由第一段第三句cottonandspongecosttoomuchtobewrappersforordinarygoodslikeglass,porcelainetc.（作為玻璃、瓷器等普通商品的包裝，棉花和海綿太貴了）可知，B選項(xiàng)“太昂貴了”符合題意。第4題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題目為“以前通常用來(lái)裝精致物品的容器是什么”，關(guān)鍵詞是容器。由第一段第四句Oftendelicategoodswereputinawoodentrunk（精致的物品通常被裝在一個(gè)木箱里）可知A選項(xiàng)“一個(gè)木制的箱子”符合題意。第5題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題目為“下列哪一項(xiàng)不是泡沫塑料受歡迎的原因”，由第二段第三句中的itisascheapasdirtitself（它像泥土一樣便宜）可排除A選項(xiàng)，同時(shí)也可推斷出D選項(xiàng)“它本身就是泥土，隨處可取”是文中沒(méi)有提及的，因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。由第二段第五句中的itsshapeisunchangeable（它的形狀是不變的）可排除B選項(xiàng)；由文章最后一句可知，同樣的電視包裝，10年后還可以繼續(xù)用來(lái)保護(hù)同一個(gè)電視，可以排除C選項(xiàng)“它可以被多次用來(lái)保護(hù)同一對(duì)象”。

2.【答案】B【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。cursed“詛咒”；echoed“重復(fù)；附和；發(fā)出回聲”；bounced“彈；跳；彈起”；hailed“致敬；招呼”，根據(jù)句子的語(yǔ)義邏輯，此處想表達(dá)的是參與者們附和區(qū)域團(tuán)隊(duì)合作的響應(yīng)。句意：參加上海合作論壇的代表們呼應(yīng)了促進(jìn)投資和經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的區(qū)域合作。故正確答案為選項(xiàng)B。3.【答案】A【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)mutual“相互的，彼此的”；B選項(xiàng)visible“明顯的，可見(jiàn)的”；C選項(xiàng)literal“文字的”；D選項(xiàng)inevitable“必然的，不可避免的”。句意：這個(gè)年輕人第一眼就喜歡門邊那個(gè)優(yōu)雅的姑娘，這種感覺(jué)是相互的，因?yàn)槟桥?duì)他也微微一笑。根據(jù)空格前后兩句的意思以及常識(shí)，可知男孩喜歡女孩，而女孩也微笑回應(yīng)，他們互有好感，A選項(xiàng)mutual“相互的，彼此的”意思對(duì)應(yīng)。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。4.【答案】C【解析】考查同形詞詞義辨析。disassemble“拆開(kāi)；解開(kāi)”；disembark“登錄；上岸”；disintegrate“瓦解；破裂”；disinherit“剝奪……的繼承權(quán)”，飛船失去控制的搖擺，然后在快要著陸的瞬間應(yīng)該會(huì)發(fā)生比較嚴(yán)重的事件，分析四個(gè)選項(xiàng)的意思可知此處只有disintegrate符合句子意思。句意：美國(guó)宇航局全方位的展開(kāi)了對(duì)航天飛機(jī)的調(diào)查，關(guān)于是什么導(dǎo)致了飛船失去控制的搖擺，并在最后要著陸的時(shí)候……了。故正確答案為選項(xiàng)C。5.【答案】第1題:D第2題:A第3題:D第4題:D第5題:B【解析】第1題:推理判斷題。由文章第二段開(kāi)頭可知，“我”從未認(rèn)為自己的理智比一般人更完美，由此可推斷接下來(lái)作者將介紹完美理智的特點(diǎn)。由Ihave,infact,oftenwishedthatmythoughtswereasquick,ormyimaginationaspreciseanddistinct,ormymemoryascapaciousorprompt,asthoseofsomeothermen（事實(shí)上，我常常希望我的思想能像別人那樣敏捷，我的想象力能像別人那樣精確而清晰，我的記憶力能像別人那樣豐富而迅速）可以推斷，作者認(rèn)為完美的理智需要的是敏捷的思維、精確清晰的想象力和快速的記憶力，因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。第2題:主旨大意題。第一段介紹了人們的理智是bynatureequalinallmen（天生就是平等的），之所以意見(jiàn)不一致，是因?yàn)樗季S方向不同，因此A選項(xiàng)“人生來(lái)就有著同樣的善意”符合題意。第3題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。由文章第二段第一句Formypart,Ihaveneverpresumedmymindtobemoreperfectthanaverageinanyway（就我而言，我從來(lái)沒(méi)有認(rèn)為我的頭腦比一般人更完美）可知D選項(xiàng)“他從未覺(jué)得自己的頭腦比一般人更完美”符合題意。第4題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。由第二段第三句中的forastoreason,orgoodsense,inasmuchasitalonemakesusmenanddistinguishesusfromthebeasts（因?yàn)橹挥欣碇遣拍苁刮覀兂蔀槿?，才能使我們區(qū)別于野獸）可知D選項(xiàng)“理智”正確。

第5題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。由文章第一段第二句中的theabilitytojudgerightlyandseparatethetruefromthefalse,whichisessentiallywhatiscalledgoodsenseorreason,isbynatureequalinallmen（人們辨別是非的能力，就其本質(zhì)而言即理性，天生就是平等的）可知B選項(xiàng)“被平等地賦予所有人”正確。

6.【答案】C【解析】本題考查的是固定搭配。根據(jù)句意可知此處要填一個(gè)詞與beonthe...for構(gòu)成搭配，表示“警惕、提防”的意思，care和alarm都不能與之構(gòu)成搭配，beonthealertfor是固定搭配表示“警惕、提防”的意思，guard通常的用法是beonguardfor，guard的前面不需要加定冠詞the，所以此處應(yīng)該選擇alert，故正確答案為選項(xiàng)C。7.【答案】B【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。Charter“憲章”；Constitution“憲法；體制；章程”；Concordance“調(diào)和；一致”；Custody“保管；監(jiān)護(hù)”，根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知此處要填的詞與laws意思相近，所以四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有Constitution符合。句意：所有的國(guó)家都應(yīng)該在基于聯(lián)合國(guó)章程和其他國(guó)際法律的基礎(chǔ)上采取措施抵制恐怖主義，這是一個(gè)共識(shí)。故正確答案為選項(xiàng)B。8.【答案】第1題:D第2題:B第3題:C第4題:B第5題:D【解析】第1題:判斷推理題。文章最后一段提及Indesigningthisedition,theWadswortheditorsandIhavetried…“在設(shè)計(jì)這個(gè)版本時(shí)，Wadsworth的編輯和我試圖……”，由此可知文章摘自一本書(shū)的序言，而本文都是在講述關(guān)于天文學(xué)方面的，所以推測(cè)是天文學(xué)類書(shū)籍，所以D選項(xiàng)“一本天文學(xué)書(shū)籍的序言”符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“科幻小說(shuō)的序言”，科幻小說(shuō)對(duì)象不正確；B選項(xiàng)“一篇科普文章”與原文第一段anastronomybookpublished…“一本天文學(xué)書(shū)籍……”不符；C選項(xiàng)“作者給天文學(xué)學(xué)生的演講”，文章的形式并不是演講，所以C錯(cuò)誤。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。第2題:主旨大意題。原文第一段主要講述的是人類