廣東省深圳市育才中學高二上學期階段檢測（一）英語答案

育才中學2022-2023學年第一學期階段檢測(一)高二英語試題注意事項1．答題前，考生務必將姓名和考號等填寫在答題卡和試卷指定位置。2．回答選擇題時，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡對應題目的答案標號涂黑。如需改動，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其它答案標號?；卮鸱沁x擇題時，將答案寫在答題卡上。寫在本試卷上無效。3．考試結(jié)束后，請將答題卡交回。4．英語考試總分150分(本試卷滿分130分，聽說成績20分)第一部分第一節(jié)：閱讀理解(共15小題;每小題分，共分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個選項(A、B、C和D)中選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。AThefollowing4famouspaintings—fromJanvanEyck'sportraittoPabloPicasso'smasterpiece—havestoodthetestoftime.TheAmolfiniPortraitJanvanEyck’sAmolfiniPortrait,anoilpaintingonwoodproducedin1434,inwhichamanandawomanholdhandswithawindowbehindhimandabedbehindher,isundoubtedlyoneofthemasterpiecesintheNationalGallery,London.Thispaintingisasvisuallyinterestingasitisfamed.Itisalsoaninformativedocumentonfifteenth-centurysociety,throughvanEyck'sheavyuseofsymbolism—whilehusbandswentouttoengageinbusiness,wivesconcernedthemselveswithdomesticduties.TheStarryNightVincentvanGoghpaintedTheStarryNight,oiloncanvas(帆布),amoderatelyabstractlandscapepaintingofanexpressivenightskyoverasmallhillsidevillage,duringhis12-monthstayatthementalhospitalnearSaint–Remy-de-Provence,Francebetween1889and1890.WhentheMuseumofModemArtinNewYorkCitypurchasedthepaintingfromaprivatecollectorin1941,itwasnotwellknown,butithassincebecomeoneofvanGogh'smostfamousworks.TheHarvestersTheHarvestersisanoilpaintingonwoodcompletedbyPieterBruegeltheElderin1565.ItdepictstheharvesttimewhichmostcommonlyoccurredwithinthemonthsofAugustandSeptember.NicolaesJonghelinck,amerchantbankerandartcollectorfromAntwerp,commissionedthispainting.ThepaintinghasbeenattheMetropolitanMuseumofArtinNewYorkCitysince1919.GuernicaGuernica,alargeblack-and-whiteoilpainting,waspaintedbytheCubistSpanishpainter,PabloPicassoin1937.Thetitle'Guernica'referstothecitythatwasbombedbyNaziplanesduringtheSpanishCivilWar.Thepaintingdepictsthehorrorsofwarandasaresult,hascometobeananti-warsymbolandareminderofthetragediesofwar.Today,thepaintingishousedattheMuseoNacionalCentrodeArteReinaSofiainMadrid.1.Whichofthefollowingpaintingswasproducedearliest?A.Guernica. B.TheHarvesters.C.TheStarryNight. D.TheAmolfiniPortrait.2.Whocreatedthepaintingdescribingtheharvestseasons?A.PieterBruegeltheElder. B.VincentvanGogh.C.JanvanEyck. D.PabloPicasso.3.WhatdoweknowaboutthepaintingTheStarryNight?A.Itwaspaintedonwoodinoils.B.Itdescribedthepainter'slifeinhospital.C.Itwasn'twidelyrecognizedbefore1941.D.Itwasgivenawaytothemuseumbyacollector.【答案】1.D2.A3.C【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了四幅名畫——從揚·凡·艾克的肖像畫到巴勃羅·畢加索的杰作。它們都經(jīng)受住了時間的考驗。【1題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段TheAmolfiniPortrait中的JanvanEyck’sAmolfiniPortrait,anoilpaintingonwoodproducedin1434第三段TheStarryNight中的duringhis12-monthstayatthementalhospitalnearSaint-Remy-de-Provence,Francebetween1889and1890.第四段TheHarvesters中的TheHarvestersisanoilpaintingonwoodcompletedbyPieterBruegeltheElderin1565.和第五段Guernica中的Guernica,alargeblack-and-whiteoilpainting,waspaintedbytheCubistSpanishpainter,PabloPicassoin1937.由此可知，TheAmolfiniPortrait是最早創(chuàng)作的畫。故選D。【2題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)TheHarvesters中的TheHarvestersisanoilpaintingonwoodcompletedbyPieterBruegeltheElderin1565.“《收獲者》是一幅木刻油畫，由PieterBruegeltheElder于1565年完成?！笨芍?，PieterBruegeltheElder畫了這幅描繪豐收季節(jié)的畫。故選A?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)TheStarryNight中的WhentheMuseumofModemArtinNewYorkCitypurchasedthepaintingfromaprivatecollectorin1941,itwasnotwellknown,butithassincebecomeoneofvanGogh'smostfamousworks.“1941年，當紐約現(xiàn)代藝術(shù)博物館從一位私人收藏家手中買下這幅畫時，它并不為人所知，但后來卻成了梵高最著名的作品之一?！笨芍?，TheStarryNight在1941年之前沒有被廣泛認可。故選C。BAstrugglingWaffleHouseemployeewhowastryingtoservenearly30peoplebyhimselfaftermidnightgotafullservingofkindnesswhensomecustomersjumpedbehindthecountertohelphim.EthanCrispo,24,witnessedtheinspiringsceneintheearlyhoursofNov.3ataWaffleHouseinBirmingham,Alabama.CrispotoldTODAY’sKerrySandersthathehadcometothe24-hourrestaurantfromafriend’sbirthdaypartyandsawthestrugglingemployee,identifiedonlyasBen,tryingtocookthefood,serveit,bustablesandwashdisheswhilemorethan25peoplewerewaitingtoeat.“Thelookonhisfacewasjustconfusion,”CrispotoldSanders.Anunidentifiedmalecustomerthendecidedtohelphimout,grabbinganapronandgoingbehindthecountertowashdishes.Anothercustomer,AlisonStanley,wentbehindthecountertomakesomecoffee—stilldressedfromanightoutonthetown.“Idon’tthinkit’sanythingspecial,”StanleytoldSanders.“Heneededhelp,soIgotupandhelpedout.”CrispotooksomephotosofthesceneasmultiplecustomersworkedtobustablesandwashdisheswhileBenfocusedontakingordersandpreparingthefood.WaffleHousetoldTODAYthatBenwaslefttosupporthimselfduetoaschedulingissue.“Wehadtwoassociatesscheduledtoleave,however,duetoacommunicationmix-up,theirreliefdidnotshowupontime,”WaffleHousedirectorofPRPatWarnersaidinastatement.“ThatleftBen,ourcook,aloneintherestaurantwithhungrycustomers.Heworkedthegrill(烤架)andgottheordersout.”ThecompanywasalsothankfulforthecustomerswhojoinedinandhelpedBenout.“WearegratefulthatmanyofourcustomersfeelliketheyarepartofourWaffleHousefamily,”Warnersaid.“Thereisasenseofcommunityineachandeveryoneofourrestaurants,andweappreciatethefactthattheyconsiderourassociateslikefamily.”“WearealsoverythankfulforBen,whokepttherestaurantopen.HeisarepresentativeofourWaffleHouseculturebyalwaysputtingthecustomersfirst.”Crispohadhisusualorder,doubleplainwaffle,ashetookinthesceneofstrangershelpingoutBenonhisshift.“Humanitytrulyisn’tgood,it’sgreat!”hesaid.4.Benwaslefttoworkaloneduringhismidnightshiftbecause________.A.hisassociatesaskedforaleave B.therewasaschedulingmistakeC.fewcustomersneededtobeserved D.therestaurantwasscheduledtoclose5.SomecustomershelpedBenoutby________.A.washingdishes B.takingphotosC.takingorders D.cookingfood6.WhydidthecustomerslendahelpinghandaccordingtoPatWarner?A.Theysharedthesamecommunityspirit. B.TheywerefamilymembersofBen.C.Theywantedtoservethemselves. D.Theyweretoohungrytowait.7.HowdidCrispofeelasawitnessofthescene?A.Luckyandexcited. B.Movedandinspired.C.Relievedandhopeful. D.Contentandunbelievable.【答案】4.B5.A6.A7.B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇新聞報道，主要講述了一家華夫餅屋由于人員安排的失誤，導致只剩一名員工招待顧客，鑒于此，顧客們紛紛主動幫助員工。【4題詳解】推理判斷題。由第十段“Wehadtwoassociatesscheduledtoleave,however,duetoacommunicationmix-up,theirreliefdidnotshowupontime,”WaffleHousedirectorofPRPatWarnersaidinastatement.“ThatleftBen,ourcook,aloneintherestaurantwithhungrycustomers.Heworkedthegrill(烤架)andgottheordersout.”可知，華夫餅屋公關總監(jiān)帕特·沃納在一份聲明中稱:“我們有兩名員工計劃離開，但由于溝通失誤，他們換班著沒有及時出現(xiàn)。這就剩下我們的廚師本和饑餓的顧客們在餐廳里。他既要負責烤架還要負責訂單了。”由此判斷出，因為換班人員的安排出了問題，導致Ben一個人在工作，故選B項?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。由第五段“Anunidentifiedmalecustomerthendecidedtohelphimout,grabbinganapronandgoingbehindthecountertowashdishes.”和第八段“CrispotooksomephotosofthesceneasmultiplecustomersworkedtobustablesandwashdisheswhileBenfocusedontakingordersandpreparingthefood.”可知，“一位身份不明的男性顧客決定幫他一把，抓起圍裙，跑到柜臺后面洗盤子?！薄翱死锼共ㄅ南铝爽F(xiàn)場的一些照片，當時許多顧客都在清理桌子和洗碗，而本則在專心點單和準備食物”。由此可見，一些顧客幫忙洗盤子，收拾桌子。故選A項?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。由第十二段“WearegratefulthatmanyofourcustomersfeelliketheyarepartofourWaffleHousefamily,”Warnersaid.“Thereisasenseofcommunityineachandeveryoneofourrestaurants,andweappreciatethefactthattheyconsiderourassociateslikefamily.”可知，“很多顧客覺得自己是我們?nèi)A夫餅屋的一份子，對此我們很感激，”華納說。“我們的每一家餐廳都有一種社區(qū)意識，我們很感激他們把我們的員工當成家人?！庇纱丝梢姡昀锏念櫩蛯⒆约阂暈槿A夫餅屋的成員，大家都有一種社區(qū)意識，彼此互相幫忙。故選A項?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。由第二段“EthanCrispo,24,witnessedtheinspiringsceneintheearlyhoursofNov.3ataWaffleHouseinBirmingham,Alabama.”11月3日凌晨，24歲的克里斯波在阿拉巴馬州伯明翰的一家華夫餅屋目睹了這令人振奮的一幕。最后一段“Humanitytrulyisn’tgood,it’sgreat!”可知，克里斯波認為：人性不是好，是偉大！由此判斷出他目睹了這一切，被感動，被激勵，發(fā)出了對人性的感嘆。故選B項?！军c睛】細節(jié)理解題顧名思義要抓住細節(jié)，將原文的細節(jié)信息跟題目和題干進行比對，選出正確選項。例如第2題，題目問：一些顧客怎樣幫助本？由第五段“Anunidentifiedmalecustomerthendecidedtohelphimout,grabbinganapronandgoingbehindthecountertowashdishes.”和第八段“CrispotooksomephotosofthesceneasmultiplecustomersworkedtobustablesandwashdisheswhileBenfocusedontakingordersandpreparingthefood.”可知，“一位身份不明的男性顧客決定幫他一把，抓起圍裙，跑到柜臺后面洗盤子?！薄翱死锼共ㄅ南铝爽F(xiàn)場的一些照片，當時許多顧客都在清理桌子和洗碗，而本則在專心點單和準備食物”。由此可見，一些顧客幫忙洗盤子，收拾桌子。故選A項。CSomeyogurtcontainersinyourgrocerystoremightbelookingalittledifferentsoon.PureDairyyogurtwillbesoldincupsmademostlyofpaper.PureDairyisafoodcompanywhichspecializesinmakingyogurtwhichisoftensoldinplasticcontainers.Butplastic,unlikepaper,cantakehundredsofyearstobreakdown,leadingtolong-lastingwaste.Now,PureDairy’sfirst-everpapercupswillreplacetheplasticcupspreviouslyusedtoholditsyogurtproducts.“Peoplehavebeenaskingforapapercup,andwewelcomethischallengetostartreducingourplasticuse,andtosparkaconversationabouthowwecandrivechangetogether.Ithinkweallhavearoletoplayinprotectingourplanet.”saidHamdiUlukaya,PureDairy’sfounderandchiefexecutiveofficer.PureDairycurrentlyproducesyogurt,creamers,coffeeandplant-baseddrinks.Manyoftheseproductsalreadycomeinpaper-based,recyclablepackaging.Butitsyogurtproductshadalwaysbeensoldinplastic.That’swhythecompanyhasspentthepasttwoyearsworkingtocreateapapercup.Theywantedittoholdyogurtjustaswellastheplasticcupsdo.Thepapercupisexpectedtohitgroceryshelvesattheendofthisyear,whichis80percentpaperboardmadefromrenewablematerials.Thenewpapercupstillhasathinplasticliningtomaintainthequalityoftheproductandpreventtheyogurtfromseepingintothepackaging.Althoughpackagingwithmixedmaterialsisoftennotrecyclable,PureDairywillcontinueworkingwithpartnerstomakeithappen.Thisgroupworkswithbusinessestomaketheirproductsandpackagingmoresustainable,meaningtheywanttouseresourcessothattheywillcontinuetobeavailableinthefuture.Theyogurtcompanysaysithopestoputmoresustainablepackagingonshelvesalloverthecountrywhichwilluselessplasticandmorepaper.8.Whywillthecompanysellyogurtinpapercontainers?A.Toreducewaste. B.Tocreateanewpackaging.C.Torecycletheplasticcontainers. D.Tospecializeinmakingpapercups.9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“spark”meaninthesecondparagraph?A.Share. B.Continue. C.Dominate. D.Activate.10.Whatcanwesayaboutthelatestpapercup?A.Itcanberecyclable. B.Itismadeofplasticandpaper.C.Itdoesn’tsatisfythepublic’sdemands. D.Itisnotthejointeffortofthecompanies.11.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A.Papercupsmayreplacetheplasticcups. B.Alotofpaperproductswillbeavailable.C.Arenewablematerialwillreplaceyogurt. D.Thecompanyhopestoproducemorepackaging.【答案】8.A9.D10.B11.A【解析】【導語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了食品公司PureDairy將使用紙杯取代塑料杯來盛放酸奶產(chǎn)品?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Butplastic,unlikepaper,cantakehundredsofyearstobreakdown,leadingtolong-lastingwaste.Now,PureDairy’sfirst-everpapercupswillreplacetheplasticcupspreviouslyusedtoholditsyogurtproducts.(但與紙張不同，塑料需要數(shù)百年才能分解，導致長期浪費?，F(xiàn)在，PureDairy公司有史以來第一款紙杯將取代之前用來盛放酸奶產(chǎn)品的塑料杯)”可知，該公司使用紙杯銷售酸奶是為了減少浪費。故選A項?！?題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第二段“Peoplehavebeenaskingforapapercup,andwewelcomethischallengetostartreducingourplasticuse,andtosparkaconversationabouthowwecandrivechangetogether.Ithinkweallhavearoletoplayinprotectingourplanet.(人們一直在要求一個紙杯，我們歡迎這一挑戰(zhàn)，開始減少我們的塑料使用，并spark一場關于我們?nèi)绾喂餐苿幼兏锏膶υ?。我認為我們都可以在保護我們的星球方面發(fā)揮作用)”可知，PureDairy公司表示他們歡迎使用紙杯這一挑戰(zhàn)，開始減少塑料使用并引發(fā)了如何推動變革的對話，以此在保護星球方面發(fā)揮作用。由此推知，劃線單詞表示“引發(fā)”，與activate同義。故選D項?！?0題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“Thenewpapercupstillhasathinplasticliningtomaintainthequalityoftheproductandpreventtheyogurtfromseepingintothepackaging.(新的紙杯仍然有一個薄的塑料襯里，以保持產(chǎn)品的質(zhì)量，并防止酸奶滲入包裝)”可知，新的紙杯是由塑料和紙制成的。故選B項。【11題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“Althoughpackagingwithmixedmaterialsisoftennotrecyclable,PureDairywillcontinueworkingwithpartnerstomakeithappen.Thisgroupworkswithbusinessestomaketheirproductsandpackagingmoresustainable,meaningtheywanttouseresourcessothattheywillcontinuetobeavailableinthefuture.(雖然混合材料的包裝通常不是可回收的，但PureDairy將繼續(xù)與合作伙伴合作實現(xiàn)這一目標。該公司與企業(yè)合作，使其產(chǎn)品和包裝更具可持續(xù)性，這意味著他們希望利用資源，以便在未來繼續(xù)可用)”可推知，在未來，紙杯可能會代替塑料杯。故選A項。DHumanactivityhasshrunk(縮小)thesizeofwildanimalsworldwide,andyetrecentresearchhasfoundmanymammals(哺乳動物)livingnearcitieshavegraduallybecomelarger,bothinlengthandinweight.Thefindingsareunexpected.Spreadingurbanenvironmentscangrowmuchhotterthannaturalhabitats,andwarmertemperaturesusuallybenefitmammalsthathaveasmaller,moreenergy-savingfigure—aprincipleofbiologyknownasBergmann’srule.Astheworldgrowswarmer,scientistshaveworriedthatmammalslivingnearcitiesaregoingtogrowsmaller,possiblyreducingtheirfitnessandthefitnessoftheirpredators(捕食者).Evenwithclimatechangethatmightnothappen.Asitturnsout,thereisanotherfactoraffectingamammal’ssizethatmightexceedtemperature,andthatisfood.Inandaroundplaceswithdensepopulations,wherehigh-caloriehumanfoodsaremorewidelyavailableandpredatorsarefewerandfartherinbetween,newresearchdiscoveredthatmostofthemammalspeciesstudiedappeartobegrowinginsize,notshrinking.Accordingtocarefulmeasurementsofmorethan100speciesfromNorthAmerica,gatheredfrommuseumcollectionsoverthepast80years,themainreasonisnotacity’stemperature.Instead,thegreatestincreasesinweightandbodylengthappeartolieamongthosemammalsthatlivenearhumans,regardlessofhowhottheirsurroundingsare.Asclimatechangegrowsworse,thereis,ofcourse,thepossibilitythatthatmightchange,butatleastfornow,itseemswolves,deer,bats,andothermammalsinNorthAmericacouldbeaffectedmorebycitypopulationsthancityclimates.Ifwewanttoprotectmammalsthatexisttodayforthefuture,it’simportantweknowhowhumancivilizationisinfluencingtheirsize,behavior,andwell-being.Inarapidlychangingworld,thatknowledgecouldmeanthedifferencebetweenongoinglifeanddyingout.12.WhyarethefindingsunexpectedaccordingtoParagraph1?A.Thetemperatureincitiesishotterthanthatinnature.B.MammalsaroundcitiesgrowagainstBergmann’srule.C.Theanimalslivinginnaturebecomebiggerinsize.D.Thecitytemperaturemakesanimalsbecomesmaller.13.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“dense”inParagraph2mean?A.Large. B.Young. C.Working. D.Educated.14.Whichofthefollowingbestsupportsthemainideaofthetext?A.Humanactivityhasshrunkthesizeofwildanimals.B.Climatemattersmostindeterminingthesizeofmammals.C.Mammalsbecomelargerwithmorefoodnearcities.D.Livinginhotsurroundingsshapesthesizeofmammals.15.Whatwillthepassagemostprobablytalkaboutnext?A.Human’simpactonthemammals’development.B.Differentwaystorescuetheendangeredcityanimals.C.Howtohelpmammalsadjusttotheclimatechange.D.Whathealthyfoodcanbegiventocitymammals.【答案】12.B13.A14.C15.A【解析】【導語】本文是一篇說明文。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，城市周圍的哺乳動物的體型在不斷變大。本文主要探討了其變大的原因及人類該如何保護現(xiàn)存的哺乳動物?！?2題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段的“Humanactivityhasshrunk(縮小)thesizeofwildanimalsworldwide,andyetrecentresearchhasfoundmanymammals(哺乳動物)livingnearcitieshavegraduallybecomelarger,bothinlengthandinweight.(人類活動縮小了世界范圍內(nèi)野生動物的體型，然而最近的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，許多生活在城市附近的哺乳動物在長度和重量上都逐漸變大。)”和“Spreadingurbanenvironmentscangrowmuchhotterthannaturalhabitats,andwarmertemperaturesusuallybenefitmammalsthathaveasmaller,moreenergy-savingfigure—aprincipleofbiologyknownasBergmann’srule.(不斷擴張的城市環(huán)境比自然棲息地要熱得多，而溫暖的氣溫通常有利于體型更小、更節(jié)能的哺乳動物——生物學原理被稱為伯格曼法則。)”可知，調(diào)查結(jié)果出乎意料是因為城市里的哺乳動物生長違背了伯格曼法則。故選B?！?3題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的“wherehigh-caloriehumanfoodsaremorewidelyavailableandpredatorsarefewer(在那里，高熱量的人類食物更容易獲得，而捕食者更少)”可知，高熱量的人類食物更容易獲得，這說明這里人口多，因此“placeswithdensepopulations”是人口較多的地方，因此densepopulations的意思是“人口很多”，即largepopulations，dense和large意思相近，故選A?！?4題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其是第一段的“recentresearchhasfoundmanymammals(哺乳動物)livingnearcitieshavegraduallybecomelarger,bothinlengthandinweight(最近的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，許多生活在城市附近的哺乳動物在長度和重量上都逐漸變大)”和第二段的“Inandaroundplaceswithdensepopulations,wherehigh-caloriehumanfoodsaremorewidelyavailableandpredatorsarefewerandfartherinbetween,newresearchdiscoveredthatmostofthemammalspeciesstudiedappeartobegrowinginsize,notshrinking.(新的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，在人口密集的地區(qū)及其周邊地區(qū)，高熱量的人類食物更容易獲得，而捕食者更少，距離更遠。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，大多數(shù)被研究的哺乳動物物種的體型似乎在增長，而不是在縮小。)”可知本文主要講的是研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，隨著城市附近食物的增加，哺乳動物的體型變得更大。故選C?！?5題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的“Ifwewanttoprotectmammalsthatexisttodayforthefuture,it’simportantweknowhowhumancivilizationisinfluencingtheirsize,behavior,andwell-being.(如果我們想要保護現(xiàn)存的哺乳動物，了解人類文明是如何影響它們的體型、行為和福祉的，這很重要。)”可知，文章接下來會談論人類對哺乳動物發(fā)展的影響。故選A。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題分，共分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Scienceshowsthatstretching(拉伸)isessentialafterexercise.Stretchinglengthensandmobilizestheconnectivetissuearoundyourmuscle.What’smore,stretchinghelpsyourbloodflowandevenrelievesyourstress.____16____Youcouldfeelsick.Youwon’tbesurprisedtoknowthatwhenyouexercise,youraiseyourheartrateforaperiodoftime.Whileit’sgreattogetthatbloodflowing,it’sjustasimportanttogetyourheartratebacktoanormallevelaftertheworkoutisover.____17____Asyourheartisbeatingfasterandyourbodytemperatureishigher,youcouldpassoutorfeelsickifyoustoptoofast.Stretchingafterphysicalactivityallowsagradualdecreaseattheendoftheepisode.Yourmuscleswilllikelybecomestifferandmoresore.Whenyouexerciseyourmuscles,itproduceslacticacid(乳酸),whichisactuallywhatcausesyourmusclestobecomesore.Whenyourestbetweenperiodsofexercise,yourbodynaturallybreaksdownthatlacticacid.Onethingthathelpsyourbodygetridofthatlacticacid?____18____.Stretchinghelpsyoudistributeoxygenthroughoutyourbody,whichcanreducelacticacidproductionandridyourmusclesofanyaccumulationoflacticacid.____19____Flexibilityiscloselyrelatedtoinjuryrisk.Poorflexibilitywillcauseyoutohavemusclesthatgettiredquickerandjointsthataremorelikelytosufferfrominjury.Besides,yourweakenedrangeofmotionwillleadtolessbloodandnutrientstoyourjoints.____20____Stickingtostretchingexerciseafterphysicalactivitycanhopefullyimproveyourflexibility.A.You’llbeatriskofinjury.B.Youguessedit:Stretching.CYou’llimproveyourflexibilitybystretching.D.Itdoeswondersforbothyourphysicalandmentalhealth.E.Thisisalsoknowninthefitnessworldas“coolingdown”.F.Thereareharmfulsideeffectsifyoudon’tstretchafterexercise.G.That’swhypeopleoftenfeelpainintheir“weightbearing”jointslikekneesandhips.【答案】16.F17.E18.B19.A20.G【解析】【導語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了運動結(jié)束后不做拉伸會帶來一些不好的結(jié)果?！?6題詳解】根據(jù)前文“Scienceshowsthatstretching(拉伸)isessentialafterexercise.Stretchinglengthensandmobilizestheconnectivetissuearoundyourmuscle.What’smore,stretchinghelpsyourbloodflowandevenrelievesyourstress.”（科學研究表明，運動后的伸展運動是必不可少的。拉伸可以延長和調(diào)動你肌肉周圍的結(jié)締組織。更重要的是，伸展運動可以幫助你的血液流動，甚至減輕你的壓力。）講述了運動結(jié)束后的拉伸運動的好處。下文“Youcouldfeelsick.”（你會覺得惡心。）描述了不做拉伸帶來的結(jié)果。所以作為本段的結(jié)尾可以描述，運動結(jié)束不做拉伸會帶來一些不好的結(jié)果。F項“運動后不做伸展運動會有副作用?！?，符合題意，故選F?！?7題詳解】根據(jù)前文“Youwon’tbesurprisedtoknowthatwhenyouexercise,youraiseyourheartrateforaperiodoftime.Whileit’sgreattogetthatbloodflowing,it’sjustasimportanttogetyourheartratebacktoanormallevelaftertheworkoutisover.”（當你鍛煉的時候，你會在一段時間內(nèi)提高你的心率，你不會感到驚訝。雖然讓血液流動是很好的，但是在鍛煉結(jié)束后讓你的心率恢復到正常水平也同樣重要。）講到運動結(jié)束后要讓心率恢復到正常的水平是重要的。E項“這在健身界也被稱為“降溫”。this指代前文“togetyourheartratebacktoanormallevel”，符合題意，故選E?！?8題詳解】根據(jù)前文“Onethingthathelpsyourbodygetridofthatlacticacid?”（有什么東西能幫助你的身體擺脫乳酸？）可知，空處應講述這種東西是什么。B項“你猜對了，（就是）伸展運動?！狈项}意，故選B?！?9題詳解】根據(jù)下文“Flexibilityiscloselyrelatedtoinjuryrisk.”（柔韌性與受傷風險密切相關。）提到了身體的柔韌程度關系到受傷風險的大小。結(jié)合第一段最后一句內(nèi)容，可知接下來的內(nèi)容講述了運動結(jié)束后不做拉伸會帶來不好的結(jié)果，所以空白處應該描述你會經(jīng)歷受傷的風險。A項“你會有受傷的危險?！狈项}意，故選A。【20題詳解】根據(jù)前文“Poorflexibilitywillcauseyoutohavemusclesthatgettiredquickerandjointsthataremorelikelytosufferfrominjury.Besides,yourweakenedrangeofmotionwillleadtolessbloodandnutrientstoyourjoints.”（柔韌性差會導致你的肌肉更容易疲勞，關節(jié)更容易受傷。此外，你活動范圍的減弱會導致你的關節(jié)血液和營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)的減少。）提到了柔韌性差會讓肌肉更容易疲勞，關節(jié)更容易受傷，同時活動范圍的減弱會導致關節(jié)血液和營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)的減少，所以空處應承接前文，講述這種情況的具體表現(xiàn)。G項“這就是為什么人們經(jīng)常感到膝蓋和臀部等“承重”關節(jié)疼痛的原因?！闭Z義上承接前文，符合題意，故選G。第二部分語言知識運用第一節(jié)完形填空(共15小題;每小題1分，共15分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。In1992,thefirstpianoarrivedonMahaniTeave’sdistantisland—RapaNui.Teavetookherfirstlessonsonthatpiano.Theystrengthenedherloveforthepianoand___21___theyoungmusiciantoleaveherhomeforyearsofstudy.Teave’striptothemainlandcamebecauseofthe___22___ofRobertoBravoawell-knownpianistwhoheardherplay.Justnineyearsold,sheenrolledintheAustralUniversityofChileinValdivia.Asateenager,awardsbeganto___23___,includingafirstplaceattheClaudioArrauPianoCompetition.“Teaveisextraordinarilygifted.Thepowerofconcentrationthatshe___24___isfirst-class,”saysFabioBidini,afamouspianist,___25___Teavewouldearnaworldwidereputation.ButafteryearsofstudyinBerlin,Teavefelttheisland___26___herheart.Shebegantothinkofgivingupthe___27___career.“Therewasthisumbilicalcord(臍帶)___28___mewiththeislandandsaying,‘Mahani,youhadallthese___29___.Therearelotsofchildrenwhoare____30____tohavethemtoo,andonlyyoucandothis.’”Thememoriesofheryouthful____31____formusichaunted(縈繞)her.She____32____thepainfeltwhengoodteachersappearedontheisland,andthensuddenly____33____theisland.“Itwasbreakingchildren’sdreamsoverandoveragain,”shesays.Teavesoonmovedbacktotheislandandopenedamusicschool.“Itis____34____toseethechildrenlearning.Iamcontent,”shesays.Teavemayhavegivenupasuccessfulcareer,butshegainssomethingmore—the____35____ofsupportingthedreamsofchildren,hungrytolearnmusic.21.A.allowed B.reminded C.stimulated D.trained22.A.challenge B.expectation C.defense D.recommendation23.A.rollin B.makesense C.takeeffect D.standout24.A.deserves B.possesses C.combines D.desires25.A.admitting B.assuming C.responding D.predicting26.A.breaking B.affecting C.making D.knowing27.A.promising B.encouraging C.surprising D.interesting28.A.comparing B.exchanging C.connecting D.replacing29.A.gifts B.opportunities C.reputations D.profits30.A.determined B.certain C.willing D.desperate31.A.hunger B.appreciation C.capability D.responsibility32.A.tolerated B.relieved C.recalled D.estimated33.A.ignored B.left C.forgot D.disliked34.A.possible B.essential C.wise D.pleasant35.A.impression B.satisfaction C.profession D.intention【答案】21.C22.D23.A24.B25.D26.B27.A28.C29.B30.D31.A32.C33.B34.D35.B【解析】【導語】這是一篇記敘文。短文敘述了鋼琴家Teave的成長之路以及她支持渴望學習音樂的孩子們實現(xiàn)夢想的故事。【21題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：它們加深了她對鋼琴的熱愛，并激勵這位年輕的音樂家離開家去學習多年。A.allowed允許；B.reminded提醒；C.stimulated激發(fā)；D.trained訓練。根據(jù)上文“Theystrengthenedherloveforthepiano”可知，它們加深了她對鋼琴的熱愛，并激勵這位年輕的音樂家離開家去學習多年。故選C項?！?2題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：蒂夫的大陸之旅是由著名鋼琴家羅伯托·布拉沃(RobertoBravo)推薦的，他聽過她的演奏。A.challenge挑戰(zhàn)；B.expectation期望；C.defense防御；D.recommendation推薦。根據(jù)下文“awell-knownpianistwhoheardherplay”可知，蒂夫的大陸之旅是由著名鋼琴家羅伯托·布拉沃(RobertoBravo)推薦的。故選D項?！?3題詳解】考查動詞短語詞義辨析。句意：在她十幾歲的時候，各種獎項接踵而來，包括克勞迪奧·阿勞鋼琴比賽的第一名。A.rollin蜂擁而來；B.makesense有意義；C.takeeffect生效；D.standout突出。根據(jù)下文“includingafirstplaceattheClaudioArrauPianoCompetition.”可知，在她十幾歲的時候，各種獎項接踵而來。故選A項?！?4題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：“蒂夫非常有天賦。她所擁有的專注力是一流的，”著名鋼琴家法比奧·比迪尼(FabioBidini)說，他預言蒂夫?qū)②A得全世界的聲譽。A.deserves值得；B.possesses擁有；C.combines結(jié)合；D.desires愿望。根據(jù)上文“Teaveisextraordinarilygifted.”可知，蒂夫非常有天賦，所以擁有一流的專注力。故選B項?！?5題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：“蒂夫非常有天賦。她所擁有的專注力是一流的，”著名鋼琴家法比奧·比迪尼(FabioBidini)說，他預言蒂夫?qū)②A得全世界的聲譽。A.admitting承認；B.assuming假定；C.responding回應；D.predicting預測，預言。根據(jù)下文“Teavewouldearnaworldwidereputation.”可知，鋼琴家法比奧·比迪尼預言蒂夫?qū)②A得全世界的聲譽。故選D項?！?6題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：但在柏林學習多年后，蒂夫感到這座島影響了她的心。A.breaking打破；B.affecting影響；C.making制作；D.knowing知道。根據(jù)下文“Shebegantothinkofgivingupthe7career.”可知，蒂夫感到這座島影響了她的心。故選B項?！?7題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：她開始考慮放棄這有前途的事業(yè)。A.promising有希望的，有前途的；B.encouraging令人鼓舞的；C.surprising令人驚訝的；D.interesting有趣的。根據(jù)上文“5Teavewouldearnaworldwidereputation.”可知，她要放棄的是有前途的事業(yè)。故選A項?！?8題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：有一條臍帶把我和這個島連接起來。A.comparing對比；B.exchanging交換；C.connecting連接；D.replacing代替。根據(jù)“umbilicalcord(臍帶)”以及“withtheisland”可知，有一條臍帶把她和這個島連接起來。故選C項?！?9題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：馬哈尼，你有這么多機會。A.gifts禮物；B.opportunities機會；C.reputations榮譽；D.profits利潤。根據(jù)上文“Mahani,youhadallthese...”和下文“Therearelotsofchildrenwhoare10tohavethemtoo,”可知，還有很多孩子也想擁有Mahani所擁有的東西上，結(jié)合前文可知MahaniTeave很有音樂天賦且鋼琴彈奏的非常好，由此推知，她有很多的機會，這也是很多孩子也渴望擁有的東西。故選B項?！?0題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：還有很多孩子也渴望擁有它們，只有你能做到。A.determined有決心的；B.certain確定的；C.willing愿意的；D.desperate渴望的。根據(jù)下文“andonlyyoucandothis.”可知，只有Teave能幫助孩子們獲得機會，由此推知，機會來之不易，所有孩子們更渴望擁有。故選D項?！?1題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：小時候?qū)σ魳返目释M繞在她心頭。A.hunger渴望；B.appreciation感激；C.capability能力；D.responsibility責任。根據(jù)下文“Itwasbreakingchildren’sdreamsoverandoveragain,”可知，音樂是Teave小時候的夢想，所有她對音樂充滿渴望。故選A項?！?2題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：她回憶起好老師出現(xiàn)在島上，然后突然離開的痛苦。A.tolerated容忍；B.relieved緩解；C.recalled回想起；D.estimated評估。根據(jù)上文“Thememoriesofheryouthful11formusichaunted(縈繞)her.”可知，下文是Teave對童年時的回憶。故選C項?！?3題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：她回憶起好老師出現(xiàn)在島上，然后突然離開的痛苦。A.ignored忽略；B.left離開；C.forgot忘記；D.disliked不喜歡。根據(jù)上文“goodteachersappearedontheisland”和下文“Itwasbreakingchildren’sdreamsoverandoveragain,”可知，好老師出現(xiàn)在島上，然后又突然離開，所以孩子們的夢想一次又一次破滅。故選B項?！?4題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：看到孩子們學習是令人愉快的。A.possible可能的；B.essential必要的；C.wise聰明的；D.pleasant令人快樂的。根據(jù)下文“Iamcontent”可知，看到孩子們學習是令人愉快的。故選D項?！?5題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：蒂夫可能放棄了一份成功的事業(yè)，但她獲得了更多的東西——支持渴望學習音樂的孩子們的夢想的滿足感。A.impression印象；B.satisfaction滿意；C.profession專業(yè)；D.intention意圖。根據(jù)上文“Iamcontent”可知，Teave很滿足。故選B項。第二節(jié)單項選擇(共10小題;每小題1分，共10