2023年考研考博-考博英語-揚(yáng)州大學(xué)歷年高頻考題黑鉆摘選版附帶答案

2023年考研考博-考博英語-揚(yáng)州大學(xué)歷年高頻考題黑鉆摘選版附帶答案（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）答案解析附后第1卷一.綜合題(共10題)1.單選題FlatswerealmostunknowninBritainuntilthe1850swhentheyweredeveloped,alongwithotherindustrialdwellings,forthelaboringclasses.Thesevastblockswereplainlya（1）meansof（2）socialconsciencebyhousinglargenumbersoftheever-presentpooron（3）citysites.Duringthe1880s,however,theideaoflivingincomfortableresidentialchamberscaughtonwiththe（4）upperanduppermiddle-classes,and（5）astotheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofflatlifewasatopicofconversation（6）manya（7）dinnertable.InParisandothermajorEuropeancities,thecustomwherebythebetter-offlivedinapartments,orflats,waswell（8）.Uptothelate19thcenturyinEnglandonlybachelorbarristershadestablishedthe（9）oflivinginroomsneartheLawCourt:anyself-respectingheadofhouseholdwouldinsist（10）aWestEndtownhouseashisLondonhome,thebestthathis（11）couldprovide.The（12）offlatsforthebetter-offseemstohavedevelopedforanumberofreasons.First,perhaps,throughthe（13）oftherailways,whichhadenabledawide（14）ofpeopletoenjoyaholidaystayinginasuiteatoneoftheluxuryhotelswhichhadbeguntospringupduringthepreviousdecade.（15）,nodoubt,thefactthatmanyoftheearlyluxuryflatsweresimilar（16）hotelsuites,evenbeingprovidedwith（17）diningroomsandcentralboilersforhotwaterandheating.Rentstendedtobehightocoveroverheads,butsavingsweremade（18）bythesecommunalamenitiesand（19）tenantsbeingableto（20）thenumberoffamilyservants.問題1選項A.conservativeB.conventionalC.convenientD.communicative問題2選項A.easingB.decreasingC.diminishingD.enhancing問題3選項A.compactB.condensedC.compressedD.compatible問題4選項A.flourishingB.affluentC.humbleD.impoverished問題5選項A.ambiguityB.controversyC.predictionD.compromise問題6選項A.aroundB.throughC.overD.above問題7選項A.respectiveB.respectfulC.respectableD.respecting問題8選項A.launchedB.imposedC.establishedD.enacted問題9選項A.traditionB.anticipationC.convictionD.qualification問題10選項A.inB.toC.uponD.for問題11選項A.senseB.methodC.meansD.duty問題12選項A.superiorityB.popularityC.priorityD.adversity問題13選項A.productionB.destructionC.consumptionD.introduction問題14選項A.categoryB.ratioC.proportionD.range問題15選項A.NeverthelessB.NotwithstandingC.HenceD.Hitherto問題16選項A.withB.toC.forD.as問題17選項A.communalB.mutualC.concentratedD.domestic問題18選項A.vulnerableB.availableC.accessibleD.possible問題19選項A.withB.fromC.atD.by問題20選項A.shortenB.reduceC.shrinkD.increase2.翻譯題1.TranslatethefollowingintoChinese.(10%)InterestinbasketballintheUnitedStatespeaksaroundthreebigchampionshipeventsinthespring:thecollegechampionshipsformenandwomeninlateMarchorearlyAprilandtheprofessionalplayoffsthatclimaxinJune.Butthat’sonlyorganizedbasketball.Informally,thegamehasbeenlearnedbygenerationsofAmericanyouthsoncityplaygroundsandschoolyards,onlonelybasketsputupinbackyardsofruralhomesandonthedrivewaybasketballcourtsofcountlesssuburbanhomes.

3.翻譯題Directions:TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChinese.WriteyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)Oneofthemoststrikingresultsofmoderndemocracyhasbeenthegradualbutsteadyerosionofallclassesofdistinctionandthesubsequentlevelingofsocietytothepointwhereeveryoneisexpectedtotreateveryoneelseinexactlythesameway.Wemustmakenodistinctionbetweenyoungandold,maleorfemale,distinguishedordissolute.Asaresult,commoncourtesyisatanalltimelowandanunhealthyreservoirofresentmentatanalltimehigh.Everypersonsuspectsheisnotreceivinghisdueandissuspiciousthatdeference(尊重)intheformofcourtesyonhispartwillbemistakenassubmission.Authorityissuspectedtobenothingbuttheunfairabuseofpowerandyetpeopleseemtobeseekingtruesourcesofauthorityamidtherulingrelativismbyfollowingfadsandtheever-changinggurus(領(lǐng)袖)oftheself-helpindustry.Thepressuretoconformtopop-culturestandardsisalsoimmense,somuchso,thatindividualityitselfisthreatened.(SelectedfromTheMythOfEqualitybyRebeccaBynum,2008)4.單選題Themayorcalledtogetherallhisstaffmembersandannouncedthatthefreshlyappointeddirectorofgeneralaffairswas（）hisex-wife’sson.問題1選項A.nobodyotherthanB.nothingotherthanC.noneotherthanD.nototherthan5.寫作題Directions:Chinaisacountrywithapopulationofmorethan1.3billionpeople.Withthatmanypeopleinonecountry,disciplineisamajorsocietalfocus,andthiscarriesoverintoparenting.ThemostcommonparentingstyleinChinaisreferredtoasauthoritarianparenting,whichischaracterizedbychildrenwhoaresubmissivetotheirparentswithoutquestionandtrusttheirparentstoleadthemintherightdirection,andemphasizeshighstandardsandatendencytocontrolkids.Thisisdistinguishedfromauthoritativeparenting,whichalsoemphasizeshighstandards,butisaccompaniedbyhighlevelsofparentalwarmthandacommitmenttoreasonwithchildren.Whencomparedwithauthoritativeparenting,authoritarianparentingislinkedwithlowerlevelsofself-control,moreemotionalproblems,andloweracademicperformance.Thereismuchdebateastowhetherauthoritarianparentingisharmfultoachild'sdevelopment.Accordingtosomeresearchers,Chineseparentsarelesslikelytofacethechoicebetweenscholasticsuccessandsocialsuccess.SomeeducatorsinChinahaveexpressedconcernthattraditionalChineseparentingdoesnotfastercreativityordivergentthinking.Butinanycase,therearegoodthingsabouttraditionalChineseparenting——andChineseculture:Chineseparentsaremorelikelytoemphasizeeffortoverinnatetalentandbelievethateffort,notinnateintelligence,isthekeytoachievement.Isthecontroversyjustified?WhatdoyouthinkabouttheadvantagesanddisadvantagesoftraditionalChineseparenting?Writeacompositionofabout250wordsexpressingyourownopinions.Youshoulduseyourownideas,knowledgeorexperiencetogeneratesupportforyourargument.WriteyouranswerontheANSWERSHEET.(20points)6.單選題Noneofthisis（）surprising,norarethesequestionableindustrymachinationlimitedtothefrenziedsearchfortheso-calledpinkpill.

問題1選項A.attheleastB.theleastC.theleastbitD.intheleastbit7.單選題Theirdiplomaticprinciplescompletelylaidbaretheir（）forworldconquest.問題1選項A.admirationB.ambitionC.aspirationD.orientation8.翻譯題人的發(fā)展和物的發(fā)展是社會發(fā)展的兩大基本形態(tài)，這兩大形態(tài)的發(fā)展是既相互依存又相對獨(dú)立的。以人為本的價值理念在對待人與物的關(guān)系上，要求以人為中心，以物為工具和手段，堅持用人的發(fā)展來規(guī)范和控制物的發(fā)展，使物的發(fā)展適合和滿足人的需要。9.單選題Thepastagesofmanhaveallbeencarefullylabeledbyanthropologists.Descriptionslike‘PaleolithicMan’,‘NeolithicMan’,etc.,neatlysumupwholeperiods.Whenthetimecomesforanthropologiststoturntheirattentiontothetwentiethcentury,theywillsurelychoosethelabel‘LeglessMan’.Historiesofthetimewillgosomethinglikethis:‘inthetwentiethcentury,peopleforgothowtousetheirlegs.Menandwomenmovedaboutincars,busesandtrainsfromaveryearlyage.Therewereliftsandescalatorsinalllargebuildingstopreventpeoplefromwalking.Thissituationwasforceduponearthdwellersofthattimebecauseofmileseachday.Butthesurprisingthingisthattheydidn’tusetheirlegsevenwhentheywentonholiday.Theybuiltcablerailways,ski-liftsandroadstothetopofeveryhugemountain.Allthebeautyspotsonearthweremarredbythepresenceoflargecarparks.’Thefuturehistorybooksmightalsorecordthatweweredeprivedoftheuseofoureyes.Inourhurrytogetfromoneplacetoanother,wefailedtoseeanythingontheway.Airtravelgivesyouabird’s-eyeviewoftheworld—orevenlessifthewingoftheaircrafthappenstogetinyourway.Whenyoutravelbycarortrainablurredimageofthecountrysideconstantlysmearsthewindows.Cardrivers,inparticular,areforeverobsessedwiththeurgetogoonandon:theyneverwanttostop.Isitthelureofthegreatmotorways,orwhat?Andasforseatravel,ithardlydeservesmention.Hisperfectlysummedupinthewordsoftheoldsong:‘Ijoinedthenavytoseetheworld,andwhatdidIsee?1sawthesea.’Thetypicaltwentieth-centurytraveleristhemanwhoalwayssays‘I’vebeenthere.’Youmentiontheremotest,mostevocativeplace-namesintheworldlikeElDorado,Kabul,Irkutskandsomeoneisboundtosay‘I’vebeenthere’—meaning,‘Idrovethroughitat100milesanhouronthewaytosomewhereelse.’Whenyoutravelathighspeeds,thepresentmeansnothing:youlivemainlyinthefuturebecauseyouspendmostofyourtimelookingforwardtoarrivingatsomeotherplace.Butactualarrival,whenitisachieved,ismeaningless.Youwanttomoveonagain.Bytravelinglikethis,yoususpendallexperience;thepresentceasestobeareality:youmightjustaswellbedead.Thetraveleronfoot,ontheotherhand,livesconstantlyinthepresent.Forhimtravelingandarrivingareoneandthesamething:hearrivessomewherewitheverystephemakes.Heexperiencesthepresentmomentwithhiseyes,hisearsandthewholeofhisbody.Attheendofhisjourneyhefeelsadeliciousphysicalweariness.Heknowsthatsound.Satisfyingsleepwillbehis:thejustrewardofalltruetravelers.1.Anthropologistslabelnowadaysmen‘Legless’because（）.2.Travelingathighspeedmeans（）.3.Whydoestheauthorsay‘wearedeprivedoftheuseofoureyes’?4.Whatisthepurposeoftheauthorinwritingthispassage?5.Whatdoes‘a(chǎn)bird’s-eyeview’mean?問題1選項A.peopleforgethowtousehislegs.B.peopleprefercars,busesandtrains.C.liftsandescalatorspreventpeoplefromwalking.D.therearealotoftransportationdevices.問題2選項A.people’sfocusonthefuture.B.apleasure.C.satisfyingdrivers’greatthrill.D.anecessityoflife.問題3選項A.Peoplewon’tusetheireyes.B.Intravelingathighspeed,eyesbecomeuseless.C.Peoplecan’tseeanythingonhiswayoftravel.D.Peoplewanttosleepduringtraveling.問題4選項A.Legsbecomeweaker.B.Modernmeansoftransportationmaketheworldasmallplace.C.Thereisnoneedtouseeyes.D.Thebestwaytotravelisonfoot.問題5選項A.Seeviewwithbird’seyes.B.Abirdlooksatabeautifulview.C.Itisageneralviewfromahighpositionlookingdown.D.Ascenicplace.10.單選題（）,Icouldn'tunderstandwhatismeantbythat.問題1選項A.AsItryhardB.HardasImighttryC.ImighttryhardD.Itriedhard第1卷參考答案一.綜合題1.【答案】第1題:C第2題:A第3題:A第4題:B第5題:B第6題:A第7題:C第8題:C第9題:A第10題:C第11題:C第12題:B第13題:D第14題:D第15題:C第16題:B第17題:A第18題:D第19題:D第20題:B【解析】1.考查形容詞辨析。conservative“保守的”；conventional“傳統(tǒng)的，常見的，符合習(xí)俗的”；convenient“方便的”；communicative“愛說話的，健談的”。句意：這些公寓在那時是用來緩解社會良知的方便方法，這些房子里當(dāng)時住著許多窮人。通過把大多數(shù)窮人安置在小公寓里是一種方便的方法。故C項正確。2.考查動詞辨析。ease“減輕，緩解，緩和”；decrease“減少”；diminish“減少，使變小”；enhance“增加”。此處指緩和社會良知，故A項正確。3.考查形容詞辨析。compact“袖珍的，緊湊的”；condensed“濃縮的，扼要的”；compressed“被壓縮的”；compatible“兼容的，能共處的”。由citysites可知城市街區(qū)里的公寓是很緊湊的。故A項正確。4.考查形容詞辨析。flourishing“繁榮的，繁盛的”；affluent“富裕的，豐盛的”；humble“謙虛的，簡陋的，”；impoverished“窮困的，用盡了的”。由“upperanduppermiddle-classes”可知上層階級是富裕的，故B項正確。5.考查名詞辨析。ambiguity“含糊，模棱兩可”；controversy“爭議，爭論”；prediction“預(yù)報，語言”；compromise“妥協(xié)，和解”。由下文可知此空指的是有關(guān)公布公寓生活的優(yōu)點和缺點的爭論。故B項正確。6.考查固定搭配。aroundthetable圍坐在餐桌周圍。7.考查形近詞辨析。respective“各自的”；respectful“恭敬的，有禮貌的”；respectable“體面的，值得尊敬的，人格高尚的”；respecting“關(guān)于”。富人的餐桌應(yīng)該是體面的，故C項符合題意。8.考查動詞辨析。launch“發(fā)射，發(fā)起，發(fā)動”；impose“強(qiáng)加，征稅，以…欺騙”;establish“建立，確立”；enact“頒布，制定法律”。在巴黎和歐洲其他主要城市，富人住在公寓里的習(xí)俗已經(jīng)建立。C項符合題意。9.考查名詞辨析。tradition“傳統(tǒng)，習(xí)慣”；anticipation“預(yù)料，預(yù)想，預(yù)期”；conviction“定罪，確信，證明有罪”；qualification“資格，條件”。句意：到19世紀(jì)末，在英國只有單身律師建立了住在法院附近房子里的習(xí)慣。故A項符合題意。10.考查固定搭配。insistupon“堅持”。句意：任何有自尊心的戶主會堅持希望在西部小鎮(zhèn)的房子安家。11.考查名詞辨析。sense“感覺，官能”；method“方法”；means“財產(chǎn)，方法”；duty“責(zé)任，職務(wù)”。這里指代這些有自尊心的戶主希望能在西部小鎮(zhèn)安家，并且最好他的財產(chǎn)能夠負(fù)擔(dān)這些費(fèi)用。故C項正確。12.考查名詞辨析。superiority“優(yōu)越，優(yōu)勢，優(yōu)先性”；popularity“普及，流行，受歡迎”；adversity“逆境，不幸，災(zāi)難”。富人公寓很受歡迎似乎有許多理由。B項符合題意。13.考查名詞辨析。production“成品，成果”；destruction“毀滅”；consumption“消費(fèi)，消耗”；introduction“介紹，引進(jìn)，采用”。此處指由于火車的引進(jìn)，許多人度假能夠住在豪華酒店的套房里。14.考查名詞辨析。category“種類，分類”；ratio“比率，比例”；proportion“比例，占比”；range“范圍，幅度”。awiderangeof“大范圍的，許多不同的”。15.考查連詞。nevertheless“然而，不過”；notwithstanding“雖然，盡管”；hence“因此”；hitherto“迄今，至今”。句意：因此，不足為奇的是許多早期豪華公寓與酒店套房相似。聯(lián)系上下文可知此處表示因果關(guān)系，前為因，此處表示結(jié)果。故C項正確。16.考查固定搭配。besimilarto“與…相似的”。17.考查形容詞辨析。communal“公共的，公社的”；mutual“共同的，相互的”；concentrated“集中的，濃縮的，全神貫注的”；domestic“國內(nèi)的”。由centralboilers中心鍋爐可推知豪華公寓里的餐廳也是公共的，故A項正確。18.考查形容詞辨析。vulnerable“易受攻擊的，脆弱的”；available“可獲得的，可得到的”；accessible“可進(jìn)入的，易接近的”；possible“可能的”。由thesecommunalamenties可推知這些公共設(shè)施可以幫助租客節(jié)省開支。故D項正確。19.考查介詞。由and前面的bythesecommunal…可知此空應(yīng)填by。句意：這些公共設(shè)施以及房客通過減少家庭仆人的數(shù)量使得節(jié)省開支成為可能。20.考查動詞辨析。shorten“縮短，減少”；reduce“減少”；shrink“縮小，退縮”；increase“增加”。由savings可推知房客是減少雇傭仆人的數(shù)量。故B項項正確。2.【答案】美國人對籃球的興趣在春季三大錦標(biāo)賽期間達(dá)到頂峰。這包括三月底或四月初舉行的大學(xué)男籃錦標(biāo)賽和大學(xué)女籃錦標(biāo)賽，以及在六月份進(jìn)入決賽高潮的職業(yè)籃球賽。上面說的只是有組織的正式比賽。在市內(nèi)的運(yùn)動場和學(xué)校的操場上，在農(nóng)舍后院的簡易籃球筐下，或是在無數(shù)市郊住宅的自家車道上劃出的籃球場上,一代代的美國青少年在學(xué)習(xí)打籃球。3.【答案】現(xiàn)代民主最引人注目的結(jié)果之一就是逐漸的但是穩(wěn)定地削弱階級差別，同時把社會平等推進(jìn)到人人期待他人用完全相同的方式平等對待自己的地步。我們必須消除老與少、男與女、高貴與低俗之間的任何差別。結(jié)果，共同的禮貌處于歷史最低點，不健康的怨憤情緒處于最高點。人人都懷疑自己沒有得到足夠重視，人人都擔(dān)心自己以禮貌的方式表現(xiàn)出來的尊重被錯誤地當(dāng)作順從和屈服。權(quán)威被人質(zhì)疑，除了不公正地濫用權(quán)力，什么也不是。但人們似乎從控制一切的相對主義中尋找真正的權(quán)威，聽命于時尚潮流和自我?guī)椭a(chǎn)業(yè)中不斷更新的大師。與大眾文化標(biāo)準(zhǔn)保持一致的壓力非常巨大，以至于人們的個性本身遭受威脅。4.【答案】C【解析】考查固定搭配。noneotherthan意為“不是別的而正是…”。句意：市長召集了他所有的職員，宣布新任命的總干事不是別人，正是他前妻的兒子。選項C符合句意。5.【答案】略6.【答案】D【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項attheleast“無論如何”；B選項theleast“最少”；C選項theleastbit“半點，毫厘”；D選項intheleastbit“一點，絲毫”。句意：這些絲毫不令人感到驚訝，這些可疑行業(yè)的陰謀也不僅僅局限于瘋狂地尋找所謂的“粉色藥丸”。選項D符合句意。7.【答案】B【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項admiration“欽佩，贊賞”；B選項ambition“野心，抱負(fù)”；C選項aspiration“渴望”；D選項orientation“方向”。句意：他們的外交原則完全暴露了他們征服世界的野心。選項B符合句意。8.【答案】Humandevelopmentandthedevelopmentofthingsarethetwobasicformsofsocialdevelopment,thedevelopmentoftwoformsisbothinterdependentandindependent.Regardingtherelationshipbetweenhumanbeingsandthings,thepeople-orientedvalueconceptrequiresthatpeopleshouldbethecenter,andthingsshouldbethetoolsandmeans.Thedevelopmentofpeopleshouldbeadheredtoregulateandcontrolthedevelopmentofthings,soastomakethedevelopmentofthingsfitandmeettheneedsof