北京市海淀區(qū)高三下學(xué)期查缺補(bǔ)漏試題英語(yǔ)

老師們好！這是咱們的查漏補(bǔ)缺題，題目不是以套題的形式呈現(xiàn)，請(qǐng)大家根據(jù)各校的實(shí)際情況，有選擇的進(jìn)行查漏補(bǔ)缺。完形填空MywifeandIusuallydon’tkeephouseplants.Anythinginpotsgetseitheroverwateredorunderwatered.Butaftermydiagnosiswithabraincancer,Ilovedtheideaofhavingsomethinggreenand1aroundus.Lastyear,myfriendMitchgavemealuckybambooplant.Tendingtotheplantgavemeasenseof2atatimewhenIsometimesfeltuselessbecausemyabilitytomovewaslimited.Asaphysician,Iwasusedtobeingtheonewho3care.Wateringtheplant4metoacorepartofmyoldidentityandtaughtmeIcouldstillbeacaregiver.However,afterseveralweeksgrowinginperfectcondition,theplant5begantoshowsignsofstress.NomatterwhatIdid,theleaveskept6anddroppingtothefloor.“Ican’tevencareforasimpleplant!”Iyelled.“Ifmyluckybamboodies,Imightdietoo!”Identifyingwiththegreenandgrowingplanthadofferedmecomfort.Butwhenthetreewasstruggling,Ifeltincreasinglyuneasyand7.ItwasseveralmonthslaterwhenIrecoveredfromsurgerythatIrealizedIhadwronglylinkedmycarefulnurturingoftheplant—somethingoverwhichIhadatleastsomecontrol—withmyown8—somethingoverwhichIhadnocontrol.Asmy9lessened,Ibegantostudyonlinetutorialstofigureouthowtocareforthetree.Itransplantedittoalargerpot,andwhenitwasbackinthesunnywindow,webothbegantothrive(旺盛)again.NowwheneverIlookatthetreeinitsnewpot,ImakeapointtorelaxandthinkofthethingsIcan10.1.A.alive B.primitive C.delicate D.mature2.A.warmth B.relief C.achievement D.security3.A.valued B.needed C.provided D.lacked4.A.added B.connected C.adapted D.compared5.A.casually B.interestingly C.genuinely D.mysteriously6.A.spreading B.browning C.waving D.dancing7.A.fearful B.innocent C.faithful D.dishonest8.A.dream B.success C.capability D.survival9.A.discontent B.anxiety C.doubt D.sympathy10.A.give B.share C.decide D.preserve1.A 2.C3.C 4.B 5.D 6.B 7.A 8.D 9.B 10.C語(yǔ)法填空第一組AWhenSukiheardshewastobelaidoff,herfirstreactionwasfearforwhatitcouldmeanforhercareer.“IwasinitiallyscaredbecauseI1(see)layoffshappeningallacrossthetechindustry,soIworriedIwouldn’tbeabletofindanotherjob.”Afewdayslater,sheputhervideoskillstouse,sharingavideoonlinethathighlightedthenew2(hobby)she’dfoundtimetotakeupafterbeinglaidoff.Thevideostruckachord,3(score)thousandsoflikes,andpromptingafloodofrecruiterstogetintouch.1.hadseen(時(shí)態(tài)，過(guò)去完成時(shí)) （名詞，復(fù)數(shù)） （非謂語(yǔ)，現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)）BWhileengagementhasneverbeenmorechallengingforschoolstoachieve,it’salso4(critical)thanever.Engagementismorethanjustensuringthatlessonsarefun.Upondeeperexamination,engagementandmotivation5(drive)byseveralfactors.Dostudentsgetanopportunitytohelpshapetheirgoalsandtheprocessbywhichtheyarelearningtoachievethem?Doeseverystudentfeel6(support)atschool?Dostudentsunderstandthevalueof7they’relearningandbelievethatthisvalueoutweighsthecostofeffort?Whenthesethingsaretrue,learninghappens.4.morecritical(形容詞比較級(jí)) 5.aredriven（時(shí)態(tài)，被動(dòng)）6.supported（非謂語(yǔ)） 7.what（賓語(yǔ)從句）CWhileChinacelebratestheyearoftherabbit,manyVietnamesearebuyingnewcat-themeddecorations.Howthecatsubstitutedfortherabbit8(remain)debatable.Somesupposethecustomhastodowithlanguage.InoldChinese,thewordtiedtotherabbityearispronounced“mao(卯)”9pronunciationissimilartomèo,theVietnamesewordforcat.Somethinkitrelatestolandscape.OriginallytheChinesepreferredalifestyleclosetowilderness,choosingrabbitasananimallivinginthewildfields.Incontrast,theVietnamesechosethecatbecausetheytreatedcats10friendslivingintheirhouses.8.remains（時(shí)態(tài)） 9.whose（定從whose） 10.as（介詞）第二組ASixyoungmenallrespondedtothecallsforhelpfrominsideawreckedcaronerecentmorningwhenthey1(walk)toschool.Awoman,2(believe)tobeinher50s,collidedwithanothervehicle.Theimpactjammedbothherpassengeranddriver’ssidedoorsshut.Together,theyoungmenworkedtoopenthepassengerdoorinaneffort3(save)thewomantrappedinthecar.Thegroupofguyssucceededinfreeingthewomantrappedinhercar.Andtheyhavereceivedsignificantattention4theirheroicact.1.werewalking(過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)) 2.believed（過(guò)分）3.tosave（不定式） 4.for（介詞）BTheoriginofvolunteeringcanbetracedbacktothe12thcenturyBritain,5thereweremorethan500hospitalsoperatedbyvolunteers.Theword“volunteering”,takenfromtheFrenchvolontaire,started6(use)inthe18thcenturywhenpeoplewerewillinglyjoiningthemilitaryservice.However,today,thewordismoreconnectedwithcommunityservice.Itmaysurprisesomethatthebiggestrevolutioninvolunteering7(bring)bytheinventionoftheInternet.Helpfulplatformswereraised,andmorevolunteersbecameinterestedwhentheyfoundoutaboutvariousopportunities.5.where(定從) 6.beingused/tobeused（非謂語(yǔ)） 7.wasbrought（過(guò)去時(shí)，被動(dòng)）CFacedwithhealthornutritionquestions,itis

8(increase)commonforpeopletogoonlineanddiagnosethemselves.ButtheInternetisfullofconflictinghealthwarningswithnoregulationtoremovethewrongadvice,someof9

isextremelydangerous!Also,searchenginesrankresultsbypopularityratherthanaccuracy,sosolidfactscanbetrickytofind.Itisworth

examining10thewriterofanonlinepieceisproperlyqualifiedas

an

expert.Remember,onlyofficially

recognizedpracticingdoctorsaswellasdietitianshavedegreesingivingmedicalsuggestions.8.increasingly（詞性轉(zhuǎn)換） 9.which（定從） 10.whether（賓從）閱讀理解：AStudentsapplyingtocollegesthatusetheCommonApplicationshouldhandinanessayof650words.Thatincludestheessaytitle,notes,andanyothertextthatyouincludeintheessay.WhatCanYouAccomplishin650Words?Evenifyoutakeadvantageofthefulllengthavailabletoyou,keepinmindthat650wordsisnotalongessay.It'sroughlytheequivalentofatwo,double-spacedessay.Mostessaystendtobebetweenthreeandeightparagraphsdependingontheapplicant'swritingstyleandessaystrategy.Asyouplanyouressay,youdefinitelywanttokeepthelengthrequirementinmind.Manyapplicantsattempttodotoomuchwiththeiressaysandthenstruggletoeditthemdownto650words.Realizethepurposeofthepersonalstatementisnottotellyourlifestoryortogiveanexhaustiveoverviewofallofyouraccomplishments.Letyourlistofextracurricularactivities,academicrecord,lettersofrecommendation,andsupplementalessaysandmaterialsshowyourrangeofaccomplishments.Thepersonalstatementisnottheplaceforlonglistsorcatalogsofachievement.Towriteanengagingandeffective650wordorshorteressay,youneedtohaveasharpfocus.Narrateasingleevent,orilluminateasinglepassionortalent.Allowenoughspaceforself-reflectionsothatwhateveryourtopicisyouspendatleastsometimetalkingaboutitssignificancetoyou.Again,usetheessaytonarrateanengagingstory.Makesureithighlightssomethingyoucareaboutdeeply,andbesuretoprovideawindowintoyourinterestsorpersonalitythatisn'talreadyobviousfromtherestofyourapplication.AFinalWordAboutEssayLengthWiththeprimaryCommonApplicationessay,youwillneedtocomeinat650wordsorfewer.However,youwillfindthatmostsupplementalessaysontheCommonApplicationhavedifferentlengthguidelines,andcollegesthatdon'tusetheCommonApplicationwillhavedifferinglengthrequirements.Nomatterwhatthecircumstances,makesureyoufollowtheguidelines.Ifanessayshouldbe350words,don'twrite370.Finally,keepinmindthatwhatyousayandhowyousayitisfarmoreimportantthanwhetheryouhave550wordsor650words.Ifyou'vesaidallyouhavetosayin500words,don'ttrytopadyouressaytomakeitlonger.Regardlessoflength,thebestwritingwilltellacompellingstory,provideinsighttoyourcharacterandinterests,andarewrittenwithcrispandengagingprose.1.Accordingtothepassage,whatmightbearightthingtodowhilewritinganessay?A. Totellsomeinterestinglifestories.B. Tolistallthepossibleachievements.C. Toshowtherangeofaccomplishments.D. Tohighlightthefocusofonesingleevent.2.Asfortheessaylength,theapplicant________.A. shouldfollowtheguidelines.B. cansethisorherownlimitaccordinglyC. shouldmakesureitnolessthan650wordsD. canwritemorethan650wordswhennecessary3.Whatisthepurposeofthepassage?A. Tostresstheimportanceofessaywriting.B. Tointroducemethodsofwritingagoodessay.C. Toadvertiseawritingcourseforcollegestudents.D. Toremindtheapplicantsofthelengthoftheiressay.CADBShespentovertwodecadesworkingherwayupinthescienceindustry,eitherasachemistinalaborinamanagementrole.NowBerkeleyMiddleSchoolteacherMrs.AmyAdamsisemployingherscienceskillsinadifferentenvironment.Shedecidedtomixthingsupabitandcameupwithawinningformulatohelpmakeadifferenceintheclassroom.Mrs.AmyAdamsisourCoolSchoolteacheroftheweek.Shetookacoupleofyearsoffafterhavingchildren.Whilevolunteeringatherkids’school,shewasfascinatedbyeducation.Adamssays,“ThisiswhereIamsupposedtobe.IlovedmyjobandthepeopleIworkedwith,butIjustkeptfeelingunsettled,sofinally,Ichanneledmyenergyintosomethingmeaningful.”Adamssaysshesteppedoutonfaith,andtherestishistory,wellactuallyit’sscience.She’snowinyearsixofteachingseventh-gradescienceatBMS.“Thisismyalmamater.IwalkedthehallsofBerkeleyMiddle.Soitiswithallfourofmychildren.Myyoungestiswalkingthehallsnow.Itjustfeelslikehome,”Adamssaid.Adamsdescribesherteachingstyleasinteractive.Shesays,“Iwantthemtohaveavoiceandlearncriticalthinking,sowefeaturecolorfulactivities.Whetherit’snote-taking,worksheets,doingDNAextractionsonastrawberryordissectingfrogs,theprocessisalwaysinteractive.Bydoingso,Iintendtocultivateacultureoflearningandarousetheirinterestinscience.”LaTanyaButler,principalatBMSsays,“Shewasinthescienceindustry,soshecanrelatetheconceptssheteachestoreallife,whichisoneofthegreatattributestohaveinateacher.”ButlersaysMrs.Adamsalsopushedtoaddanadditionaldaytoherworkweek.“I’vehadtoopenthebuildingatherrequestsoshecanworkonSaturdays.That’sjusttheattitudesheadopts,togooverandbeyondforourstudentshere.IjustappreciateMrs.Adamsforhearingthecalltoswitchtoeducation.IfIcouldcloneMrs.Adamsfiftymoretimes,notonlyBerkeleyMiddlebutschoolsingeneralwouldbenefitfromthatspiritofdedication.”Whenaskedifshemissesworkingintheindustry,Mrs.Adamssays,“I’lltellyouIworkhardernowthanIeverdid,thatI’mmoretirednowthanIeverwas,butIabsolutelylovewhatIdo,andIfeellikewhatI’mdoingmakesadifference.Ican’timaginenotbeinghere.”1.WhatwasthemaincauseforAdams’changingherjob?A．Herloveofeducation. B．Herlackofinspiration.C．Herspiritofvolunteering. D．Herdesireofbeingperfect.2.Adamsusedaninteractiveteachingstyleto______.A.learncriticalthinking B.enjoyscienceclassesC.havecolorfulactivities D.improveteachingeffects3.WhatcanwelearnfromLaTanyaButler’swords?A.Adamscanassociatetheorywithpractice.B.Adams’dedicationwillinspiremoreteachers.C.Adamsworksovertimetoteachstudentsmore.D.Adamsoweshersuccesstoherworkexperience.4.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeAdams?A.Creativeandcompetent. B.Patientandimaginative.C.Devotedandpassionate. D.Warm-heartedandmodest.5.Whatisthepassagetryingtotellus?A.Keeplooking,don’tsettle. B.Actionspeakslouderthanwords．C.Toknowoneselfistrueprogress. D.Liveyourpassion,followyourdreams.ADACDC-1Golfhasalengthproblem.Thefartherplayersdrivetheball,thelongerholesneedtobe,sothatskillslikeironplayandputting(打球入洞)remainimportant.Butthelongercoursesare,themoretheycosttomaintainandtheworsetheirenvironmentalimpact.Theyalsobecomemoredauntingforrecreationalgolfers,whokeeptheminbusiness.In2004,golf’sregulatorsintroducedlimitsonthesizeofclubs(球桿),hopingtoslowthetrendofever-longerdrives.Nonetheless,thepin-flationhascontinuedquickly.OnNovember15thafamousrecordtumbled(下跌):someonecompletedtheMastersTournamentinfewerthan270strokes,themarkTigerWoodssetwhenhewonhisfirstmajortitlein1997.Thenewlowof268belongstoDustinJohnson,whohasaveragedmorethan300yardsapopthroughouthiscareer.HeachievedthefeateventhoughtheAugustaNationalcourseis8%longerthanin1997.Howhavegolferscontinuedtoblasttheballfartherthanever?ThePGATourpublishesball-trackingstatistics,whichsuggestthat,althoughbetterequipmentmayhavehelped,players’recentgainsstemlargelyfromtheirtechnique—andevenbiggerimprovementsnowappearinevitable.ThedatacomefromShotLink,asystemthattrackshowfastagolferswings(“clubheadspeed”),hisball’strajectory(“l(fā)aunchangle”)anditsrotationspeed(“spinrate”).Astatisticalmodelusingthesemetricswasbuilttopredictdrivingdistances.Together,thethreefactorsexplained70%ofthedifferencesbetweenplayers’distances,andalmostalloftheincreaseinlengthovertime.Themodel’slessonsareintuitive.Tothumptheballasfaraspossible,oneshouldmaximiseclubheadspeedandlaunchanglewhileminimisingspin.However,mostplayersfaceatrade-offbetweenthesegoals.Harderimpactsusuallymeanflattertrajectories.Onegolfer,however,hasescapedthisconstraint.BrysonDeChambeau,aphysicsgraduatewithoddlydesignedclub,isnicknamedthe“MadScientist”.Hegained18kgofweightwhilethePGATourwassuspended.Thishasallowedhimtoswingfasterthananyoneelse.Buthehasalsomanagedtosmashtheballwithahighlaunchangle—anunprecedentedcombinationthatmightowesomethingtohisunusuallystiffwristsandrobotictechnique.Usingbothhisbrainsandhisbrawn,MrDeChambeauisnowhitting15yardsfartherthanhisclosestcompetitorsdo.MarkBroadie,agolfstatistician,reckonsthatotherprofessionalswilltrytobeefup.Butgolfhistoryisfullofplayerswholosttheiredgeaftermakingsmallchangestotheirswings.AndtimemayyetshowthattherisksofMrDeChambeau’sbombs-awayapproachoffsetsomeoftherewards.Hestrayedintotherough(球場(chǎng)長(zhǎng)草區(qū))oftenattheMasters.Nonetheless,theMadScientist’sbreakthroughisbadnewsforcoursedesigners.Theywillprobablyhavetokeepfiddlingwiththeirfairwaysonthegolfcoursesforyearstocome.1.TheauthormentionsTigerWoodsinParagraph2toshow______.A.golfdrivesareincreasinglyfarther B.thenumberofrecordsisfallingC.gametimeislengtheninggradually D.golfcoursesaregrowinglonger2.Recentgolfers’improvingperformanceismainlytheresultof_______.A.finerequipment.B.longercourses.C.largerbuild.D.bettertechniques.3.WhatcanweknowaboutBrysonDeChambeau?A.Hehasinventedthenever-failingbombs-awayapproach.B.Heisagolfstatisticianwhospendsalotoftimeinthegym.C.Heactivelyurgescoursedesignerstoupdatethegolfcourses.D.Hehasmanagedtoswingtheballfastwithoutflattertrajectories.4.WhichwouldMarkBroadiemostlikelytoagreewith?A.Changestotheswingshallbemadewithgreatcaution.B.Longercourseswillcausemoreproblemsthanbenefits.C.ProfessionalsshouldfollowMrDeChambeau’slead.D.Othergolfersshouldbebraveenoughtotakerisks.ADDAC-2FungiCanHelpConcreteHealItsOwnCracksCracksareverycommoninconcretestructuresduetovariouschemicalandphysicalphenomenathatoccurduringeverydayuse.Andtinycrackscanbequiteharmfulbecausetheyprovideaneasyrouteinforliquidsandgasses—andtheharmfulsubstancestheymightcontain.Forinstance,micro-crackscanallowwaterandoxygentoinfiltrateandthencorrodethesteel,leadingtostructuralfailure.Butcontinuousmaintenanceandrepairworkisdifficultbecauseitusuallyrequiresanenormousamountoflaborandinvestment.Scientistshavebeentryingtofigureouthowtheseharmfulcrackscouldhealthemselveswithouthumanintervention.Theideawasoriginallyinspiredbytheamazingabilityofthehumanbodytohealitselfofcuts,bruisesandbrokenbones.Apersontakesinnutrientswhichthebodyusestoproducenewsubstitutestohealdamagedtissues.Inthesameway,canweprovidenecessaryproductstoconcretetofillincrackswhendamagehappens?Throughlongtimeresearch,scientistshavefound

anunusualcandidatetohelpconcretehealitself:afunguscalled

T.reesei.Itisfoundthatascalciumhydroxidefromconcretedissolvedinwater,thepHofthefungalgrowthmediumincreasedfromaclose-to-neutraloriginalvalueof6.5allthewaytoaveryalkaline13.0.Ofallthefungitested,only

T.reesei

couldsurvivethisenvironment.DespitethedrasticpHincrease,itssporesgerminatedintothreadlikehyphalmyceliumandgrewequallywellwithorwithoutconcrete.Scientistsproposeincludingfungalspores,togetherwithnutrients,duringtheinitialmixingprocesswhenbuildinganewconcretestructure.Whentheinevitablecrackingoccursandwaterfindsitswayin,thedormantfungalsporeswillgerminate.Astheygrow,they’llworkasacatalystwithinthecalcium-richconditionsoftheconcretetopromoteprecipitationofcalciumcarbonatecrystals.Thesemineraldepositscanfillinthecracks.Whenthecracksarecompletelycaulkedandnomorewatercanenter,thefungiwillagainformspores.Ifcracksformagainandenvironmentalconditionsbecomefavorable,thesporescouldwakeupandrepeattheprocess.T.reesei

iseco-friendly,posingnoknownrisktohumanhealth.Infact,

T.reesei

hasalonghistoryof

safeuseinindustrial-scaleproduction

ofcarbohydraseenzymes,suchascellulase,whichplaysanimportantroleinfermentationprocessesduringwinemaking.Ofcourse,researcherswillneedtoconductathoroughassessmenttoinvestigateanypossibleimmediateandlong-termeffectsontheenvironmentandhumanhealthpriortoitsuseasahealingagentinconcreteinfrastructure.1.Accordingtothepassage,tinycracksinconcretestructuresmayleadto________.A.DisfunctionevencollapseoftheentirestructureB.ContinuousmaintenanceandrebuildingC.LeakageofliquidsandgassesD.Wasteofwaterandoxygen2.WhatcanweknowaboutT.reesei?A.Itiswidelyusedinbuildingconcretestructures.B.Itcansurviveinextremeenvironment.C.Itcanhelptheconcretecracksheal.D.Itisanewlydiscoveredfungi.3.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A.T.reeseimightbeusedonhuman.B.Theresearchisstillatitsinitiallystage.C.T.reesei

isunreplaceableinwinemaking.D.T.reesei

haslong-termeffectsonhumanhealthACBDThequestionofhowtruckingcapacityisgrowingordecliningiscommoninindustry,buttherealityisthatdemandfluctuationsarefarmoreimportanttomonitorastheyswingmuchmoreviolently.SinceDecemberof2018,thetotaltractorcountfromfor-hirefleets(non-private)hasgrown18%,accordingtotheFMCSA,buthasnevershownamonthlychangeofover2%.Bycontrast,theOutboundTenderVolumeIndex(OTVI),ameasureoftotaltruckloaddemand,hasgrown12%overthesameperiod,butmonthlyfluctuationstopped20%attimes.Evenbeforethepandemic,theOTVIhad5-7%monthlyswingsindemand.GiventheOTVImeasurestotaltendersandisnotapureproxy(指標(biāo))forshipments,itisreflectiveofhowfastdemand-sideconditionschangeintrucking.Thepointisthatcapacityshiftsareslowandstable,whiledemandchangesmuchmorerapidlyandisveryunpredictableovertime.Thisistheconsummatestruggleofsupplychainsandtransportationcompaniesacrosstheglobe—howmuchinfrastructure(capacity)isneededtobeabletoflexupbutnothavetoomuchoverheadwhendemandsoftens?Theprocessoforderingandseatingatrucktakesclosetoayear.Thattruckcanhaulroughlyseven500-mileloadsperweek,or360loadsperyear.Thisonlyoccursifshippingpatternsareconsistentanddriversarereadilyavailable,andneitheraretrue.Soitisn’tapurequestionofhowmuchcapacityisavailableinaggregate,butarethosetrucksavailableintherightplacesattherighttimesingeneral?Thismetricisextremelydifficulttoattain.Sincedemandisunevenandspreadunevenlythroughoutthecountry,trucksanddriversneedtoexceedthenumberofshipmentsavailable.Soevenifcapacitygrowsby1%,itjustincreasesthechancesthatloadswillbecoveredmarginally.Probablymoreimportantthananyofthepreviouspointsisthattherearealreadymeasuresoftherelationshipbetweensupplyanddemandintrucking.Tenderrejectionrates(OTRI)andspotrates(NTI)measurewhencapacityismeetingdemandinthecontractandspotmarkets,respectively.Thereislittleuseforknowinghowmuchcapacityisavailableinthefor-hirefreightmarketotherthanbeinginteresting.Butthereisexceptionalvalueinknowinghowwellcapacityanddemandareliningupandinwhatdirectiontheyaretrending.SinceDecember2021tenderrejectionrateshavefallenfromover20%tounder4%,whilespotratesaredown27%.Demand-sideindicatorsareprobablythemostcrucialtogettingtheearliestsignsofmarketshifts,whilerejectionratesandspotratesanswerthetwomostimportantquestionsthatcompanieswantanswered:CanIgetatruckandhowmuchwillitcostme?1.TheOutboundTenderVolumeIndex________.A.isaproxyforshipmentsonlyB.isameasuretotracktruckloaddemandC.cantellthecurrenttruckingcapacityintheUSD.cantelltherelationshipbetweensupplyanddemandintrucking2.Whatproblemdosupplychainsandtransportationcompaniesfacecommonly?A.Howcapacitycanmeetthechangingdemand.B.Howcapacityanddemandcanbepredicted.C.Whatfacilitiesareneededtoshipthegoods.D.Whattruckscanfunctionthebest.3.WhatcanwetellaboutOTRIandNTI?A.Theyarebothmeasuresinthecontractandspotmarkets.B.Theyareoflittleusetoknowthecapacityanddemand.C.TheycanchangetheunevendemandsituationintheUS.D.Theycanhelptotellthecompanieshowmarketmightchange.4.Wherecanweprobablyfindthispassage?A.Inaschoolnewspaper B.Inabook C.InabiographyD.InamagazineBADD信息還原Everyday,thousandsofrangerspatrolnationalparksandotherprotectedareasinAfrica.Theirjobisfraughtwithdanger,bothfromhostilehumansarmedwithautomaticweaponsandfromtheunappreciativeandpotentiallyaggressivewildlife,armedwithtusks,teethandclaws,whichtheyarehelpingtopreserve._____1______Thatisparticularlytrueofdataonpoaching(偷獵),whichremains,inbothsensesoftheword,anelephantineproblem.Since2006Africanelephantpopulationshavedeclinedbyaround30%.In2021,accordingtoMonitoringtheIllegalKillingofElephants(MIKE),aconservationprogramme,around40%ofelephantdeathswerearesultofpoaching.______2_____.TheMIKEdatashowawelcomefallinratesthroughoutthe2010s,butaccordingtoresearchpublishedin2020byScottSchlossbergofElephantsWithoutBorders,acharity,thiscanbeattributedentirelytoadeclineineasternAfrica.Elsewhere,thereisgreatvariationinthepressureonanimalslikeelephants.Someparks,likeGarambaintheDemocraticRepublicofCongo(DRC),arebadlyhit—withmorethan90%ofthebodiesfoundbyrangersbeingvictimsofpoachers.___3___Tountanglethefactorsinfluencingpoaching,TimothyKuiperoftheUniversityofCapeTown,EleanorMilner-GullandatOxford,andateamofcollaboratorshaveanalyseddatacollectedforMIKEbyrangersfrom64sitesin30Africancountriesoverthecourseof19years.Theycorrelatedthesewithpotentiallyrelevantfactors,bothnaturalandhuman,andhavepublishedtheirfindingsintheProceedingsoftheRoyalSociety.Naturalvariablessuchashabitattype,theydiscovered,makelittledifference._____4_______.Unsurprisingly,lowhouseholdwealth,poorhealth,poorlawenforcementandpoornationalgovernanceallcontributedtohigherratesofpoaching.Sodidthepriceofivory._____5______.Fortheredidnotseemtobemuch.TheimpactwasaconsequenceofafewspecialcasesinDRC,theCentralAfricanRepublicandEthiopia,ratherthanageneralruleaboutyoungmenwithgunsbehavingbadly.Onefactorthatwasunquantifiable,andthereforeuntestable,accordingtoDrKuiper,waslocalpoliticalwilltopreservewildlife.Butthisstudydoesneverthelessconfirmobservationsmadeelsewhere,thatthebestformofconservationisaprosperouspopulation.A.D.Humanonespredominate.B.Theseverityofelephantpoachingvariesfromplacetoplace.C.HumansarethebiggestfactordefiningelephantrangesacrossAfrica.D.Therewasoneunexpectedresult,though—theimpactofarmedconflict.E.Buttheirworkisimportant,notleastbecausethedatatheycollectarecrucialtoconservationplanning.F.Inothers,likeChobe,inBotswana,lessthan10%ofdeadelephantsdiscoveredhavebeenkilledillegally.G.Currentdiscussionofhowtoreducepoachingfocusesontwoareas:reducingdemandandreducingsupply.EBFAD閱讀表達(dá)TheWeightofWhiteLiesAmantakinghismothertoasurprisepartytellsherthey’regoingtothemall.Awomanfibsthatthestorewasoutofheroverweightboyfriend’sfavoritejunkfood.Atutorassureshisstudentthatherspottyresumélooksfine.Evenbenevolentformsofdeceptioncomeinshadesofacceptability,andpeoplewholearnthattheyhavebeenmisleddon’talwaysseeitthewaydeceiversdo.Aliethat’smeanttoinflatesomeone’sconfidenceordiscourageabadhabit,forexample,ofteninvolvesmakingajudgmentaboutwhat’sbestforthatperson.Thatpresumptioncanbackfire.Inrecentexperimen