情態(tài)動(dòng)詞與虛擬語氣

Modalverbs

and

subjunctivemood

情態(tài)動(dòng)詞

與

虛擬語氣11.may1)可否A.用于問句:MayIuseyourphone?B.用于陳述句:Youmaycomeifyouwish.2)推斷A.現(xiàn)在可能:Hemayknowtheanswer.B.過去可能:Hemayhavegoneabroad.

23)用于狀語從句，表示目的、讓步等:Speakclearlysothattheymayunderstandyou.Tryashemay,hewillnotpasstheexam.4)祝愿：Mayyoubehappy!32.might1)輕微批評(píng)、抱怨。A.針對(duì)現(xiàn)在：Youmighttellmeifyou’regoingtobelate.B.針對(duì)過去：Youmightatleasthavephonedmeifyou’renotcoming.43.must1)必須、一定。A.指現(xiàn)在或?qū)恚篩oumustgiveupsmoking.Imustremembertoposttheletter.B.指過去用have的過去式had(比用must含義清楚):Ihadtogotoseethedoctor.2)否定式mustnot/mustn’t表示“禁止、一定不”：Carsmustnotparkinfrontoftheentrance.Wemustn’tbelate.53)推斷。A.現(xiàn)在可能:Hemustknowtheanswer.B.過去可能:Wemusthavereadthesamereport.4)責(zé)任、義務(wù)，與should/oughtto含義類似：Youmustseethefilm;it’swonderful.64.should/ought1)責(zé)任、義務(wù)A.指現(xiàn)在或?qū)恚篢hepoliceshoulddosomethingaboutit.Themachineoughttobecleanedonceaweek.B.指過去:Youshouldhavecheckedthetimebeforeyouleft.Yououghtto/shouldhavetoldmeaboutitearlier.

72)oughtto還用于表示揣測(cè)。Heoughttopasstheexam.Thewateroughttohaveboilednow.WeoughttobehearingfromJanesoon.5.shall1)疑問形式征求意見，用于第一人稱:WhattimeshallIcome?Let’sdoitagain,shallwe?

ShallIhaveacupofteaforyou?ShallIopenthewindow?82)表示規(guī)定、許諾、命令、警告、決心等，用于各個(gè)人稱：Ishallwritetoyouattheendofthemonth.Ifyouwantacomputer,youshallhaveone.Aplayershallbesentoffforusingbadlanguage.Youshallhavetheresultoftheexamtomorrow.96.need1)表示“不必”，A.用于否定句:Youneedn’tcometothemeeting.B.用于含有半否定詞的句子：C.用于賓語從句時(shí)，主句為過去時(shí)，依然用need:Hesays/saidIneedn’tpaytillthe30th.2)用于疑問句:Needwecometomorrow?107.dare1)表示“敢”，A.用于否定句。Idaren’taskhertodothat.B.用于含有半否定詞的句子：Ihardlydaretothinkofit.112)用于疑問句和條件句：Dareyouinterrupthim?Iwonderifshedaredcomehome.3)用于Idaresay,don’tyoudare結(jié)構(gòu)：Idaresayyou’reright.Don’tyoudaretouchthatvase.128haveto表示客觀上的必要性，后接不定式.1)肯定式：Wehavetobecarefulinsuchmatters.2)否定式和疑問式：Youdon’thavetogetupearly.Doyouhavetoleavesosoon?133)可用于各種時(shí)態(tài):We’llhavetohelphimasmuchaswecan.4)可用于各種語態(tài):Alotoflettershadtobeanswered.5)可用于復(fù)合謂語:Wemayhavetocanceltheplan.149.hadbetter/best,’dbetter1)后接不定式的一般時(shí)或進(jìn)行時(shí)（均不帶to)。A.接不定式的一般時(shí):We’dbettergobeforeitgetsdark.Whathadwebetterdo?2)接不定式的進(jìn)行時(shí):Ithinkwe’dbetterbegoing.3)hadbest與hadbetter相似：Ihadbestbegoingnow.151.—IsJohncomingbytrain?—Heshould,buthe___not.Helikesdrivinghiscar.A.mustB.canC.needD.may選D。從上下文comingbytrain和drivinghiscar可知有兩種可能性，則關(guān)于drivinghiscar的推測(cè)屬于notsure一類,因此選D。162.Ithasbeenannouncedthatcandidates___remainintheirseatsuntilallthepapershavebeencollected.A.canB.willC.mayD.shall選D。根據(jù)上下文可知空格處應(yīng)有一個(gè)表示意圖、警告等含義的詞語，shall就是這樣一個(gè)詞語，它可用于各種人稱。173.Oh,I’mnotfeelingwellinthestomach.I___somuchfriedchickenjustnow.A.shouldn’teatB.mustn’thaveeatenC.shouldn’thaveeatenD.mustn’teat選C。根據(jù)語境“I’mnotfeelingwell”可知言者感到后悔，即動(dòng)作應(yīng)是發(fā)生在過去，因此應(yīng)選”情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+完成時(shí)的不定式”的結(jié)構(gòu)來表示對(duì)過去的推斷。又，mustn’t表示“禁止”，所以不可選。184.—Doyouthinkourbasketballplayersplayedverywellyesterday?—___.A.TheywerenotnervousatallB.TheywerestillyoungC.TheyplayednaturallyD.Theycouldn’thavedonebetter選D。問者詢問“昨天球打得如何”，應(yīng)用對(duì)過去的情況的判斷，故應(yīng)選D。其余三選項(xiàng)所答非所問。又，not+比較級(jí)表示強(qiáng)調(diào)性的肯定。195.He___herebynow,forhetooktheearlybus.A.oughttohavearrivedB.mustarriveC.mayhavearrivedD.canarrive選C。從tooktheearlybus可知，arrive的動(dòng)作應(yīng)發(fā)生于過去，即句子應(yīng)表示對(duì)過去情況的推斷，所以應(yīng)該用含有完成時(shí)的不定式的選項(xiàng)。oughtto表示“責(zé)任、義務(wù)”，不用于表示對(duì)過去的推測(cè)，只有mayhavearrived合理。206.Iwonderhowhe___thattotheteacher.A.daretosayB.daresayC.notdaresayD.daredsay選D。此句從句中的動(dòng)作應(yīng)發(fā)生于過去，故dare應(yīng)該用過去式dared。若發(fā)生于現(xiàn)在，則應(yīng)該用daresay(情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用法）或darestosay（行為動(dòng)詞用法，現(xiàn)在時(shí))。又，dare的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用法否定式應(yīng)為darenotdosth.。217.—IsawAnninthelibraryyesterday.—You___her;sheisstillabroad.A.mustnotseeB.can’thaveseenC.mustn’thaveseenD.couldn’tsee選B。由“yesterday”可知應(yīng)是對(duì)過去情況的推斷，因此應(yīng)該用“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+完成時(shí)的不定式”的結(jié)構(gòu)來表示；又因“mustn’t”表示“禁止”而不可用。228.I___them,butIwasn’tableto.A.oughttohavehelpedB.musthavehelpedC.mighthelpD.needn’thavehelped選A。應(yīng)該用“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+完成時(shí)的不定式”的結(jié)構(gòu)來表示對(duì)過去情況的推斷。從“wasn’tableto”可知言者原要“helpthem”,但限于能力而未實(shí)現(xiàn)；從表達(dá)“責(zé)任、義務(wù)”需要，應(yīng)該用should/oughtto這樣的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。23情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)+原形情態(tài)+完成MusthavedoneCannothavedoneshall=order/promisecan=sometimes24Somepeoplewhodon’tliketotalkmucharenotnecessarilyshy；they_____

justbequietpeople．A．mustB．mayC．shouldD．WouldKey：B高考真題25Oneofthefewthingsyou___sayaboutEnglishpeoplewithcertaintyisthattheytalkalotabouttheweather.A.needB.mustC.shouldD.canKey：D高考真題26

Hedidnotregretsayingwhathedidbutfeltthathe_____itdifferently.A.couldexpress B.wouldexpressC.couldhaveexpressed D.musthaveexpressedKey：C高考真題27—It’stheoffice!Soyou______knoweatingisnotallowedhere.—Oh,sorry.A.must B.will C.may D.needKey：A高考真題28Subjunctivemood

suggest/insist/order/demand/request/requireadviseprefer

thatsb.shoulddosth.wouldratherthatItishightimethatItismysuggestionthatIwishthatHowIwishthatHowIwishIhadanecklikethatofagiraffe!IfIhadapairofwings,Iwouldflytoschooleveryday!29Iwould/could/mightdoifitwere/didIshoulddoifitdidIwoulddoifitweretodo將來IwoulddoifitdidIwoulddoifitshoulddoIwouldhavedoneifithaddone30IfIhadstudiedlastnight,Iwouldnotbesoworriedabouttheexam.Iwenttothematchlastnight.HowIwishIhadstayedathome.

312）建議、要求、命令：（should）do(1)Iinsistthathestayhere.(2)Isuggestedthatyougivemeahand.(3)Hisfacesuggeststhatheisveryhappy.(真實(shí)：表明)(4)Sheinsistedthatshehaddonenothingwrong.(真實(shí)：堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為)323）Iwishthat…/Ifonly…(1)IwishIwereyou.(2)Iwishyouhadcomeyesterday. (3)Ifonlyhecouldhelpme.比較：Iwishthatyou