翻譯技巧詞類轉(zhuǎn)換法

翻譯技巧詞類轉(zhuǎn)換法第一頁，共二十八頁，編輯于2023年，星期五5.IamafraidIcan’tteachyouEnglish.IthinkmydaughterisabetterteacherthanI.

恐怕我教不了你英語，我想我女兒比我教得好。6.TheoperationofacomputerneedssomeknowledgeofEnglish.

操作電腦需要一些英語知識。I.Convertingtoverbs第二頁，共二十八頁，編輯于2023年，星期五A.名詞轉(zhuǎn)譯成動詞（基本方法）（一）具有動態(tài)意義的名詞（1）“…of…”

結(jié)構(gòu)（2）短語結(jié)構(gòu)翻譯順序：順譯與逆譯1.Ithasalsoprovidedthebasesforthetraditionalmethodologyofscience:objectiveobservationanddescriptionofsomephenomena,theformulationofahypothesisorhypothesesabouttheeventsobservedandpossiblerelationshipsamongthem,theuseofthesetopredictfutureevents,theverificationofthehypothesesand,onthisbasis,theconstructionofatheoryofsomeareaofnaturalactivity.2.Whatisneededinthecaseofnoiseisastudyoflargenumbersofpeoplelivingundernoisyconditions.就噪音而論，所需要的是研究大批生活在噪音條件下的人數(shù)。3.Insistenceonhumanrights第三頁，共二十八頁，編輯于2023年，星期五A.名詞轉(zhuǎn)譯成動詞（基本方法）4.Manypeopleinindustryandtheservice,whohavepracticalexperienceofnoise,regardanyinvestigationofthisquestionasawasteoftime.工業(yè)部門和軍隊中的許多人對噪音有切身體會，他們認為對這個問題進行任何調(diào)查都是浪費時間。5.Anacquaintanceofworldhistoryishelpfultothestudyofcurrentaffairs.練習：1.The1967UNdocumentcallsforthesettlementoftheMiddleEastconflictonthebasisofIsraelwithdrawalfromoccupiedterritoriesandArabacknowledgementofIsrael’srighttoexist.第四頁，共二十八頁，編輯于2023年，星期五2.Oneafteranother,speakerscalledforthedownfallofimperialism,abolitionofexploitationofmanbyman,liberationoftheoppressedoftheworld.3.Until1972,alleffortsbythetwonationstocurbthenucleararmsracehadfounderedononepoint:U.S.insistenceontherighttomakeone-siteinspectionoftheSovietStrategic-arsenalandRussia’srefusal.4.Ithasalsoprovidedthebasesforthetraditionalmethodologyofscience:objectiveobservationanddescriptionofsomephenomena,theformulationofahypothesisorhypothesesabouttheeventsobservedandpossiblerelationshipsamongthem,theuseofthesetopredictfutureevents.Theverificationofthehypothesesand,onthisbasis,theconstructionofatheoryofsomeareaofnaturalactivity.第五頁，共二十八頁，編輯于2023年，星期五A.名詞轉(zhuǎn)譯成動詞（基本方法）（二）英語中含有動態(tài)意義的名詞通常翻譯為動詞，并根據(jù)需要增添邏輯賓語。1.Thesightandsoundofourjetplanesfilledmewithspeciallonging.看到我們的噴氣式飛機，聽見隆隆的（機聲），令我們特別神往。2.Astheweekdrawtoaclose,theenemyroutwascomplete.一周快結(jié)束時，敵人徹底潰退了。第六頁，共二十八頁，編輯于2023年，星期五A.名詞轉(zhuǎn)譯成動詞（基本方法）（三）英語中有些以后綴–er,-or結(jié)尾的名詞，在句中并指其身份和職業(yè)，而是含有較強的動作意味，需要翻譯為動詞。1.IamafraidIcan’tteachyouswimming.IthinkmylittlebrotherisabetterteacherthanI.我恐怕教不了你游泳，我想我的小弟弟比我教得好。2.Talkingwithhisson,theoldmanwastheforgiveroftheyoungman’spastwrongdoings.在和兒子談話時，老人寬恕了年輕人過去所干的壞事。3.Heisnosmoker,buthisfatherisachain-smoker.第七頁，共二十八頁，編輯于2023年，星期五A.名詞轉(zhuǎn)譯成動詞（基本方法）（四）短語中的主體名詞通常翻譯為動詞1.Thenextnewsbulletin（新聞節(jié)目）,shorterthanusual,madenomentionofthedemonstration.2.ShehadhighpraiseforDr.Smith,althoughshecomplainedabouthisstrictness.3.Thepartybranchsecretaryshowedgreatconcernforthestudents’health4.Hehasalreadymadementionofthematterinhisspeech.第八頁，共二十八頁，編輯于2023年，星期五練習（一）1.TheCensusBureau,thedataagencychargedwithcreatingstatisticsonhouseholdincomesandtheirdistribution,doesnotmaintainanofficialdefinitionofmiddleclassstatus.2.Duringthehalf-hourtalk,thetwosidesexchangedviewsonthechoiceoftermsofpayment,buttheymadenomentionofthemodeoftransportation.第九頁，共二十八頁，編輯于2023年，星期五

練習（二）1.Notonlydoesdarkenergyappeartomakeupthebulkoftheuniverse,butitsexistence,ifitstandsthetestoftime,willprobablyrequirethe

development

ofnewtheoriesofphysics.2.Thesameistrueofgalaxyclusters,thelargestcoherentbodiesintheuniverse---assemblagesofthousandsofgalaxiesembeddedinavastcloudofhotgasandboundtogetherbygravity.3.Scientistssaythatgovernmentconstructionofamulti-billion-dollar,permanentspacestationcouldaidindetectingnaturaldisastersonearthinadvance,conductingmedicalresearchandcollectingsolarenergytotransmitback.4.Theanalysiswillrequirethedevelopmentofnewtheoreticaltoolsbutshouldbewithinourgraspinthenextfewyears.I.Convertingtoverbs第十頁，共二十八頁，編輯于2023年，星期五5.Basicallyappliedsciencestartswiththeclearunderstandingofahumanneedandthenusesalltheavailablescientificknowledgetoassistinthesatisfactionofthisneed.6.Purescienceisprimarilyconcernedwiththedevelopmentoftheoriesandtheestablishmentoftherelationsbetweenthephenomenaoftheuniverse.7.Increasingly,thereistalkofviewerparticipationintelevision;two-wayTVprogramswillmakeitpossibletotakepartinasoapoperaorfootballgameasiftheviewerwerethere.8.Ingeneral,dryingasolidmeanstheremovalofrelativelysmallamountsofwaterorotherliquidfromthesolidmaterialtoreducethecontentofresidualliquidtoanacceptablelowvalue.第十一頁，共二十八頁，編輯于2023年，星期五A.介詞轉(zhuǎn)譯成動詞。（prep.---v.）1.Theroadtodevelopmentislongbutwearefirmlyonit.

發(fā)展的道路雖然漫長，可我們已堅定地走了上這條路。2.Heiswalkingintheparkwithanumbrellainhishand.

他在公園散步，手里拿著一把傘。3.Itisourgoalthatthepeopleintheundevelopedareaswillbefinallyoffpoverty.

我們的目標是使不發(fā)達地區(qū)的人民最終擺脫貧困。4.Thecompanyhasadvertisedinthenewspaperforelectronicexperts.

公司在報上登廣告招聘電子方面的專家。II.Convertingtoverbs第十二頁，共二十八頁，編輯于2023年，星期五練習1.Inanymachine,inputworkequalsoutputworkplusworkdoneagainstfriction.2.Thistypeoffilmdevelopsintwentyminutes.3.Ananalogcomputermanipulatesdatabyanalogmeans.4.Theairplanebarreledstraightahead,acrosstheharbourandoutoverthesea.5.Partyofficialsworkedlonghoursonmeagerfood,incoldcaves,bydimlamps第十三頁，共二十八頁，編輯于2023年，星期五B.形容詞轉(zhuǎn)譯成動詞（adj.---v.）1.Integritymeansyoudowhatyoudobecauseit’srightandnotjustfashionable

orpoliticallycorrect.

誠實意味著去做你認為對的事，而不僅僅是為了趕時髦或在政治上不出錯。2.Don’tbeafraidofthosewhomighthaveabetterideaorwhomightevenbesmarterthanyouare.

不要恐懼那些想法可能比你高明，或者那些可能比你更聰明的人。3.IsMr.Smithfamiliarwiththeperformanceofthelaboratoryequipment?

史密斯先生熟悉實驗室設備的性能嗎？II.Convertingtoverbs第十四頁，共二十八頁，編輯于2023年，星期五練習1.Ifwewereignorantofthestructureoftheatom,itwouldbeimpossibleforustostudynuclearphysics.2.Theyweresuspiciousandresentfulofhim.3.Theywerenotcontentwiththeirpresentachievements.4.Thetop-rankingAsianspecialistwasnotsurewhetherthepolicycouldsavethesituation.第十五頁，共二十八頁，編輯于2023年，星期五5.Ifextremelylow-costpowerwereevertobecomeavailablefromlargenuclearpowerplants,electrolytichydrogenwouldbecomecompetitive.6.Thecircuitsareconnectedinparallelintheinterestofasmallresistance.7.Onceinsidethebody,thevaccineseparatesfromthegoldparticlesandbecomes“active”.8.Itisnowonderthatscientistsaroundtheworldareracingtoharnessfusion.Buttheraceiscostlyandtimeconsuming.第十六頁，共二十八頁，編輯于2023年，星期五

C.副詞轉(zhuǎn)譯為動詞（adv.---v.）1.Whatfilmwillbeonthisevening?

今晚放映什么影片？2.Thatbookwillbeoutprettysoon.

那本書不久就要出版了。3.Inthoseyearstherepublicanswerein.

那些年是共和黨執(zhí)政。4.Doublewindowswerefixedtokeepthecoldout.

安裝雙層窗御寒。練習：1.Thefatiguelifetestisover.疲勞壽命試驗結(jié)束了。Ifonegeneratorisoutoforder,theotherwillproduceelectricityinstead.如果一臺發(fā)電機發(fā)生故障，另一臺便代替它發(fā)電。2.Suchservicewillcertainlygofarinextendingthelifecycleofolderequipment.這種保養(yǎng)肯定會在延長陳舊設備的使用周期。E.動名詞轉(zhuǎn)譯成動詞（gerund---v.）

1.Theoriginofthisparticularcultureisfarfromclearing.

這種奇特的文化根源遠沒有弄清楚。II.Convertingtoverbs第十七頁，共二十八頁，編輯于2023年，星期五A.動詞轉(zhuǎn)譯為名詞（v.---n.）1.Thebookdidnotimpressmeatall.

那本書沒留給我什么印象。2.Harryaimstobecomeacomputerexpert.

哈里的目標是成為計算機專家。3.Yourworkischaracterizedbylackofattentiontodetail.

你工作的毛病是不注意細節(jié)。（粗心大意）4.Themachineweighsaboutfivehundredkilograms.

這臺機器的重量是500公斤。III.Convertingtonouns第十八頁，共二十八頁，編輯于2023年，星期五5.Whenlightfallsoncertainthings,itbouncesback,whichwesaythelightisreflected.

光照到某種物體上會彈回來，我們把這種情況稱之為光的反射。注意：如果英語動詞譯成漢語動詞時跟前后的修飾語不好搭配；或搭配起來不符合漢語習慣，可以把動詞譯成名詞，再在名詞前加上與之搭配的動詞。6.Theyouthsalwaysdreamfondlyoftheirfuture.

年輕人對前途總是懷有美好的夢想。7.Independentobservershavecommentedfavorablyontheachievementsyouhavemadeinthisdirection.

有獨立見解的觀察家們對你們在這方面所取得的成就給予了很高的評價。III.Convertingtonouns第十九頁，共二十八頁，編輯于2023年，星期五B.形容詞轉(zhuǎn)譯為名詞（adj.---n.）

1.Thedaywascloudybutthesunwastryingtocomethrough.

天上有云，不過太陽就要破云而出了。2.Obedienceisobligatoryonasoldier.

服從命令是軍人的天職。3.ManyWesternpeoplearereligious.

很多西方人/西方人多數(shù)都是虔誠的教徒。III.Convertingtonouns第二十頁，共二十八頁，編輯于2023年，星期五1.YouareagreaterblockheadthanIhadsupposedyoutobe.

你比我所想象得要傻得多（n.—adj.）2.OurgovernmentshowsgreatconcernfortheChineseresidentabroad.

我國政府十分關(guān)心海外華僑。3.Hisaddressimpressedmedeeply.

他的講話給我留下很深的印象。4.Fromthefront,backandbothsideswekeptastrictwatchontheenemy.

我們在前后左右嚴密地監(jiān)視敵人。IV.Convertingtootherpartsofspeech第二十一頁，共二十八頁，編輯于2023年，星期五1.HeistherightmanI’mlookingfor.

他正是我在找的人。2.Theunitofweightisthegram,thatoflengthisthemeter,andthatofcapacityistheliter.

重量單位是克，長度單位是米，容量單位是升。3.Themachinecandimensionallybechangeableaccordingtoconsumers’need.

機器的在大?。ɑ虺叽纾┛梢愿鶕?jù)用戶的需要改變。4.Allyouhavedoneisproportionaltoallyouhaveachieved.

你的付出和所得成正比。IV.Convertingtootherpartsofspeech第二十二頁，共二十八頁，編輯于2023年，星期五5.Tobeindependentisanabsolutenecessityforyoungpeople.

獨立對年輕人來說是絕對必要的。6.Inscience,itisimportanttostatealaworaprincipleaccurately.

在科學方面定律或定理的準確敘述十分重要。7.Withslightrepairs,themachinecouldbeinmotion.

只要稱加修理，這臺機器便可以運轉(zhuǎn)。8.Thenewmayorearnedrespectduetothecourtesyofvisitingthepoorinthecity.

新市長有禮貌地訪問城市貧民贏得了人們的尊敬。IV.Convertingtootherpartsofspeech第二十三頁，共二十八頁，編輯于2023年，星期五在英語中，由形容詞派生的名詞通常翻譯為形容詞，在句中作定語或表語Thepallorofherfaceindicatedclearlyhowshewasfeelingatthatmoment.ThespokesmanadmittedthefeasibilityoftheAmericanproposals.HetalkedforsometimewithBundy,andhisquestionreflectedtheenormityofhisdoubts.Singlecrystalsifhighperfectionar