職稱英語考試綜合類閱讀判斷考前指導(dǎo)試題

第頁共頁職稱英語考試綜合類閱讀判斷考前指導(dǎo)試題職稱英語考試綜合類閱讀判斷考前指導(dǎo)試題FermiProblem費米問題OnaMondaymorninginJuly,theworld'sfirstatombombexplodedinNewMexicodesert.Fortysecondslater,theshockwavesreachedthebasecwheretheItalian-AmericanphysicistEnricoFermiandhisteamstood.Afteramentalcalculation,Fermiannouncedtohisteamthatthebomb'senergyhadequated10,000tonsofTNT.Thebombteamwasimpressed,butnotsurprised.Fermi'sgeniuswasknownthroughoutthescientificworld.In1938hehadwonaNobelPrize.Fouryearslaterheproducedthefirstnuclearchainreaction,leadingusintothenuclearage.SinceFermi'sdeathin1954,nophysicisthasbeenatonceamasterexperimentalistandaleadingtheoretician.Likeallvirtuosos,Fermihadadistinctivestyle.Hepreferredthemostdirectroutetoananswer.Hewasverygoodatdividingdifficultproblemsintosmall,manageablebitstalentweallcanuseinourdailylives.Todevelopthistalentinhisstudents,FermiwouldsuggestatypeofquestionnowknownasaFermiproblem.Uponfirsthearingoneofthese,youhaven'ttheremotestnotionoftheanswer,andyoufeelcertainthattoolittleinformationhadbeengiventosolveit.Yetwhentheproblemisbrokenintosub-problems,eachanswerablewithoutthehelpofexpertsorbooks,youcaneclosetotheexactsolution.Supposeyouwanttodetermineearth'scircumferencewithoutlookingitup.EveryoneknowsthatNewYorkandLosAngelesareabout3,000milesapartandthatthetimedifferencebetweenthemisthreehours.Therehoursisone-eighthofaday,andadayisthetimeittakestheplatopleteonerotation,soitscircumferencemustbetimes3,000or24,000miles.Thisanswerdiffersfromthetruevalue,24,902.45miles,bylessthanfourpercent.練習(xí)：1).Fermi’steamwasimpressedbyFermi’sannouncementinthebasecbecausehecouldevenworkoutthepoweroftheatombombinhismind.-R2).Fermi,anexperimentalistaswellasatheoretician,wonaNobelPrizeforproducingthefirstnuclearchainreactionintheworld.-W3).DividingabigproblemintosmallproblemsisatalentFermihadandatalentthathaspracticalvalueinlife.-R4).Fermiproblemistodevelopthetalentofbreakingaseeminglyunanswerableproblemintosub-problemsandfindingthesolutiontoit,whichisatypicalFermiproblem.-R5).ThenthefourthparagraphtellsushowFermisolvedtheproblemofearth’scircumferencewithoutlookingup.-W6).Thelastparagraphconcludesthewholewritingbystressingtheval