全國(guó)大學(xué)生油氣儲(chǔ)運(yùn)工程設(shè)計(jì)大賽特等獎(jiǎng)作品-word版

2016年2016年7月20日R油田輸油管道及沿線(xiàn)站場(chǎng)設(shè)計(jì)

日期全國(guó)大學(xué)生油氣儲(chǔ)運(yùn)工程設(shè)計(jì)大賽組委會(huì)制

方案簡(jiǎn)介

本作品根據(jù)《第一屆全國(guó)大學(xué)生油氣儲(chǔ)運(yùn)工程設(shè)計(jì)大賽賽題及基礎(chǔ)數(shù)據(jù)》和相關(guān)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，秉承經(jīng)濟(jì)、高效、節(jié)能、環(huán)保的設(shè)計(jì)理念，對(duì)R油田輸油管道工程進(jìn)行了設(shè)計(jì)。主要設(shè)計(jì)內(nèi)容包括：A-B、B-C段管道工藝及運(yùn)行管理，河流穿越方案，沿線(xiàn)站場(chǎng)及閥室工藝，火車(chē)裝車(chē)方案，輔助生產(chǎn)及配套工程技術(shù)方案以及投資估算等內(nèi)容。輸油管道設(shè)計(jì)方面：采用加熱輸送工藝，從技術(shù)經(jīng)濟(jì)角度優(yōu)選管徑，通過(guò)逆向推算得到設(shè)計(jì)壓力及布站情況，通過(guò)考慮油水乳化狀態(tài)提高了水力計(jì)算的準(zhǔn)確性。使用商業(yè)軟件對(duì)其進(jìn)行了模擬及優(yōu)化，并編制相應(yīng)程序輔助計(jì)算。河流穿越方案方面：分析了穿越區(qū)巖土層可鉆性，確定并設(shè)計(jì)了水平定向鉆（HDD）管道穿越河流施工方案，并進(jìn)行了管道強(qiáng)度校核和施工風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)價(jià)。沿線(xiàn)站場(chǎng)及閥室方面：設(shè)計(jì)了原油脫水及污水深度處理工藝，確定了沿線(xiàn)各站場(chǎng)及閥室的分布，并對(duì)其進(jìn)行了設(shè)計(jì)?；疖?chē)裝車(chē)方案方面：對(duì)裝車(chē)站進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)設(shè)計(jì)，從可靠性的角度采用了“雙管、雙泵、雙用單鶴管”的裝車(chē)工藝；針對(duì)來(lái)油量衰減較快特點(diǎn)，從經(jīng)濟(jì)的角度對(duì)裝車(chē)操作的運(yùn)行與管理進(jìn)行了優(yōu)化，制定了高效益、低成本的火車(chē)裝車(chē)方案。此外，本文還對(duì)整體輸油管道工程的防腐、自控、消防、HSE管理、輔助生產(chǎn)及公用工程等進(jìn)行了設(shè)計(jì)。設(shè)計(jì)中使用了OLGA，PIPESIM等商業(yè)軟件對(duì)各種工況下的管道進(jìn)行了模擬，并且基于VB平臺(tái)編制了相應(yīng)軟件輔助計(jì)算，校核了整

體方案的可行性和可靠性，完成了管道及站場(chǎng)工藝的優(yōu)化，提高了方案的經(jīng)濟(jì)性。本設(shè)計(jì)充分借鑒了國(guó)內(nèi)外原油輸送及裝車(chē)的成熟技術(shù)，優(yōu)化了管道及站場(chǎng)的工藝流程及運(yùn)行方案，選用了高效設(shè)備，降低了投資及運(yùn)行維護(hù)費(fèi)用，具有一定的工程應(yīng)用價(jià)值。

錄論.................................................................................................................1

目錄論.................................................................................................................1

第1章總1.1工程概況...................................................................................................11.2編制依據(jù)...................................................................................................21.3編制原則...................................................................................................21.4設(shè)計(jì)范圍...................................................................................................21.5國(guó)家級(jí)地方有關(guān)法律、法規(guī)...................................................................21.6國(guó)家、地方、行業(yè)、企業(yè)的技術(shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和規(guī)范.......................................3第2章R油田輸油管道設(shè)計(jì)基礎(chǔ)................................................................................62.1工程概況...................................................................................................62.2設(shè)計(jì)基礎(chǔ)資料...........................................................................................62.2.1基礎(chǔ)數(shù)據(jù)........................................................................................62.2.2原油物性........................................................................................72.2.3設(shè)計(jì)環(huán)境........................................................................................土壤條件.............................................................................鐵路依托條件.....................................................................氣象條件.............................................................................8第3章輸油管道工藝設(shè)計(jì).............................................................................................93.1輸送工藝...................................................................................................93.2設(shè)計(jì)參數(shù).................................................................................................103.2.1管道設(shè)計(jì)參數(shù)..............................................................................設(shè)計(jì)輸量...........................................................................設(shè)計(jì)壓力...........................................................................管徑優(yōu)選...........................................................................鋼管類(lèi)型選擇...................................................................管道縱斷面圖...................................................................管道埋深參數(shù)...................................................................管道防腐層.......................................................................12

I

3.2.2原油物性......................................................................................油品密度...........................................................................油品粘度...........................................................................原油乳化...........................................................................153.2.1熱力設(shè)計(jì)參數(shù)...............................................................................加熱站出站油溫...............................................................加熱站進(jìn)站油溫...............................................................管道周?chē)橘|(zhì)溫度T......................................................管道保溫層設(shè)計(jì)...............................................................163.3A-B段工藝設(shè)計(jì)......................................................................................173.3.1設(shè)計(jì)輸量下的設(shè)計(jì)方案..............................................................173.3.2最低輸量下的設(shè)計(jì)方案..............................................................193.3.3設(shè)計(jì)壓力及管道壁厚..................................................................213.3.4經(jīng)濟(jì)性分析..................................................................................243.3.5適應(yīng)性分析..................................................................................263.4B-C段工藝設(shè)計(jì)......................................................................................283.4.1設(shè)計(jì)輸量下的設(shè)計(jì)方案..............................................................283.4.2最低輸量下的設(shè)計(jì)方案..............................................................323.4.3設(shè)計(jì)壓力及管道壁厚..................................................................343.4.4經(jīng)濟(jì)性分析..................................................................................373.4.5適應(yīng)性分析..................................................................................4冬季運(yùn)行方案...................................................................4夏季運(yùn)行方案...................................................................443.5設(shè)備選型.................................................................................................463.5.1泵機(jī)組選型..................................................................................463.5.2原動(dòng)機(jī)選型..................................................................................483.5.3加熱爐選型..................................................................................483.6管道強(qiáng)度校核.........................................................................................493.6.1進(jìn)出站壓力校核..........................................................................49

II

3.6.3靜水壓力校核..............................................................................493.6.4動(dòng)水壓力校核..............................................................................493.8設(shè)計(jì)成果.................................................................................................49第4章穿越河流設(shè)計(jì)方案...........................................................................................514.1遵循的主要標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、規(guī)范.........................................................................514.1.1法律法規(guī)......................................................................................514.1.2標(biāo)準(zhǔn)規(guī)范......................................................................................514.2穿越河流方式比選.................................................................................514.3水平定向鉆穿越設(shè)計(jì).............................................................................524.3.1HDD可鉆性評(píng)價(jià).........................................................................5穿越場(chǎng)地地層巖性結(jié)構(gòu)...................................................5穿越場(chǎng)地土的物理力學(xué)性質(zhì)指標(biāo)...................................5穿越區(qū)域巖土層可鉆性評(píng)價(jià)...........................................5施工條件評(píng)價(jià)...................................................................5地下障礙物評(píng)價(jià)...............................................................554.3.2HDD穿越曲線(xiàn)設(shè)計(jì).....................................................................564.3.3HDD設(shè)備選型.............................................................................5鉆機(jī)選型...........................................................................5鉆具選型...........................................................................594.3.4場(chǎng)地布置......................................................................................614.3.5穿越段管道設(shè)計(jì)..........................................................................6穿越段管道壁厚設(shè)計(jì).......................................................6穿越段管道防腐與防護(hù)...................................................6穿越段管道熱力校核.......................................................634.3.6穿越管道應(yīng)力校核......................................................................6管道回拖工況應(yīng)力校核...................................................6管道試壓工況應(yīng)力校核...................................................6管道運(yùn)行工況應(yīng)力校核...................................................6管道徑向屈曲失穩(wěn)校核...................................................67

III

4.3.7套管結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)..............................................................................6套管最大夯入長(zhǎng)度計(jì)算...................................................6套管壁厚選取...................................................................6套管強(qiáng)度驗(yàn)算...................................................................6套管穩(wěn)定性驗(yàn)算...............................................................714.4穿越施工方案.........................................................................................724.4.1施工工藝流程..............................................................................724.4.2施工技術(shù)措施..............................................................................7施工準(zhǔn)備...........................................................................7泥漿配制...........................................................................7鉆導(dǎo)向孔...........................................................................7預(yù)擴(kuò)孔工藝.......................................................................7管道回拖...........................................................................7管道焊接檢驗(yàn)和試壓.......................................................774.5對(duì)水文地質(zhì)和環(huán)境的影響.....................................................................784.5.1對(duì)地貌的影響..............................................................................784.5.2對(duì)河床結(jié)構(gòu)的影響......................................................................784.5.3對(duì)生物的影響..............................................................................784.5.4施工過(guò)程對(duì)環(huán)境的影響..............................................................784.6消防、安全.............................................................................................794.6.1設(shè)計(jì)采取的安全及消防措施......................................................794.6.2施工中的主要安全措施..............................................................794.7施工風(fēng)險(xiǎn)及應(yīng)對(duì)措施.............................................................................804.7.1穿越風(fēng)險(xiǎn)分析..............................................................................804.7.2施工應(yīng)急處置預(yù)案......................................................................8導(dǎo)向施工應(yīng)急預(yù)案...........................................................8擴(kuò)孔過(guò)程中發(fā)生卡鉆、抱鉆、斷鉆的應(yīng)急預(yù)案...........8管線(xiàn)回拖中卡死的應(yīng)急預(yù)案...........................................8冒漿應(yīng)急預(yù)案...................................................................82

IV

塌孔的處理預(yù)案...............................................................824.8主要工程量及投資估算.........................................................................83第5章輸油管道的流動(dòng)保障.......................................................................................845.1管道運(yùn)行管理.........................................................................................845.1.1熱力冬季運(yùn)行方案......................................................................845.1.2熱力夏季運(yùn)行方案......................................................................855.1.3水力運(yùn)行方案..............................................................................855.2清管.........................................................................................................865.2.1清管的作用..................................................................................865.2.2清管器選擇..................................................................................865.3停輸再啟動(dòng).............................................................................................865.3.1停輸后的管內(nèi)溫降......................................................................875.3.2管內(nèi)原油溫度場(chǎng)..........................................................................875.3.3停輸再啟動(dòng)過(guò)程..........................................................................88第6章沿線(xiàn)站場(chǎng)...........................................................................................................896.1站場(chǎng)設(shè)置.................................................................................................896.2站場(chǎng)工藝.................................................................................................896.3A聯(lián)合站..................................................................................................896.3.1聯(lián)合站工藝..................................................................................906.3.2聯(lián)合站主要工程量......................................................................906.4B外輸首站..............................................................................................906.4.1進(jìn)站計(jì)量......................................................................................916.4.2加熱工藝......................................................................................916.4.3脫水工藝......................................................................................916.4.4污水處理......................................................................................936.4.4儲(chǔ)油工藝......................................................................................956.4.5外輸工藝......................................................................................956.4.6B外輸首站工藝流程...................................................................966.4.7主要工藝設(shè)計(jì)參數(shù)......................................................................98

V

6.4.8平面布置說(shuō)明..............................................................................986.4.9首站主要工程量........................................................................1006.5中間輸油站...........................................................................................1006.6線(xiàn)路閥室...............................................................................................1016.7C裝車(chē)站................................................................................................1026.8沿線(xiàn)站場(chǎng)及閥室分布總結(jié)...................................................................102第7章裝車(chē)站設(shè)計(jì).....................................................................................................1037.1裝車(chē)站總體設(shè)計(jì)...................................................................................1037.1.1裝車(chē)站功能................................................................................1037.1.2裝車(chē)站工藝流程設(shè)計(jì)................................................................1037.1.3裝車(chē)站分區(qū)................................................................................1037.1.4裝車(chē)站總平面布置....................................................................10總平面布置原則.............................................................10總平面布置.....................................................................10站內(nèi)道路.........................................................................10圍墻.................................................................................10綠化.................................................................................1067.2儲(chǔ)油區(qū)設(shè)計(jì)...........................................................................................1067.2.1儲(chǔ)油區(qū)容量確定........................................................................10周轉(zhuǎn)系數(shù)法.....................................................................10儲(chǔ)存天數(shù)法.....................................................................10庫(kù)容確定方法對(duì)比優(yōu)選.................................................1087.2.2儲(chǔ)油罐數(shù)量確定........................................................................1087.2.3儲(chǔ)油容量等級(jí)............................................................................1087.2.4油罐類(lèi)型選擇............................................................................1097.2.5儲(chǔ)罐強(qiáng)度設(shè)計(jì)............................................................................1罐壁厚度計(jì)算.................................................................1浮頂計(jì)算.........................................................................1117.2.6油罐加熱與保溫........................................................................113

VI

原油儲(chǔ)存溫度.................................................................1油罐加熱方式.................................................................1油罐加熱器選用.............................................................1油罐保溫.........................................................................1167.2.7油罐防腐....................................................................................1防腐部位.........................................................................1防腐涂層結(jié)構(gòu)及材料.....................................................1陰極保護(hù).........................................................................1177.3鐵路裝車(chē)設(shè)計(jì).......................................................................................1177.3.1鐵路裝車(chē)工藝............................................................................1187.3.2鐵路油罐車(chē)設(shè)計(jì)........................................................................1187.3.3鐵路專(zhuān)用線(xiàn)設(shè)計(jì)........................................................................1鐵路裝卸線(xiàn)布置形式.....................................................1裝卸線(xiàn)的有效長(zhǎng)度.........................................................1207.3.4鐵路裝油設(shè)施設(shè)計(jì)....................................................................1鐵路裝油鶴管選用.........................................................1鶴管數(shù)量確定.................................................................1鶴管與集油管的連接.....................................................1集油管與鶴管的連接.....................................................1棧橋設(shè)計(jì).........................................................................1247.4裝車(chē)方案設(shè)計(jì).......................................................................................1247.4.1方案設(shè)計(jì)出發(fā)點(diǎn)........................................................................1257.4.2不同方案所需裝油設(shè)施............................................................1257.4.3不同方案每年裝車(chē)次數(shù)............................................................1267.4.4方案對(duì)比優(yōu)選............................................................................1267.5站內(nèi)管道設(shè)計(jì).......................................................................................1277.5.1管道作用....................................................................................1277.5.2管道分類(lèi)....................................................................................1287.5.3常用的管道工藝流程................................................................128

VII

7.5.4管道工藝流程對(duì)比優(yōu)選............................................................1297.5.5管道保溫層設(shè)計(jì)........................................................................1297.5.6管道強(qiáng)度設(shè)計(jì)............................................................................130站內(nèi)管道管徑計(jì)算.........................................................130站內(nèi)管道壁厚計(jì)算.........................................................13站內(nèi)管道強(qiáng)度校核.........................................................1317.5.7管路水力計(jì)算............................................................................1337.5.8管道敷設(shè)與防腐........................................................................1357.6發(fā)油泵站設(shè)計(jì).......................................................................................1357.6.1泵站形式....................................................................................1357.6.2泵站工藝流程............................................................................1367.6.3泵的選用....................................................................................13油泵選型.........................................................................13油泵數(shù)量.........................................................................13原動(dòng)機(jī)選擇.....................................................................13電動(dòng)機(jī)功率計(jì)算.............................................................13油泵基本參數(shù).................................................................13油泵規(guī)格參數(shù).................................................................1417.6.4油泵站布置................................................................................1417.7站內(nèi)污水處理.......................................................................................1427.7.1污水來(lái)源....................................................................................1427.7.2含油污水處理............................................................................1427.7.3生活污水處理............................................................................1427.8油品計(jì)量...............................................................................................1437.8.1液面高度的人工測(cè)量................................................................1437.8.2液面高度的自動(dòng)測(cè)量................................................................14常用測(cè)量液位計(jì).............................................................14液位計(jì)的選用.................................................................145第8章輔助生產(chǎn)系統(tǒng)及配套工程.............................................................................146

VIII

8.1通信.......................................................................................................1468.2供配電...................................................................................................1468.3建筑結(jié)構(gòu)...............................................................................................1478.4供熱與暖通...........................................................................................1488.5自動(dòng)化控制...........................................................................................1488.5.1自動(dòng)化控制系統(tǒng)........................................................................1488.5.2儲(chǔ)油區(qū)工業(yè)自動(dòng)化系統(tǒng)............................................................1498.6防火防爆...............................................................................................1528.6.1火災(zāi)和爆炸原因........................................................................1538.6.2防火防爆措施............................................................................1538.7站場(chǎng)消防...............................................................................................1548.7.1滅火原理與方法........................................................................1548.7.2滅火方法及設(shè)備........................................................................1558.7.3消防給水....................................................................................1578.8防雷.......................................................................................................1588.9防靜電...................................................................................................1588.10防雜散電流.........................................................................................1628.11穿越施工安全.....................................................................................1638.11.1設(shè)計(jì)采取的安全及消防措施..................................................1638.11.2施工中的主要安全措施..........................................................1638.12管道水工保護(hù).....................................................................................1638.12.1沖刷防護(hù)..................................................................................1648.12.2坡面防護(hù)..................................................................................1648.12.3支擋防護(hù)..................................................................................1648.13管道標(biāo)志.............................................................................................165第9章HSE風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理................................................................................................1669.1長(zhǎng)輸管道HSE管理...............................................................................1669.1.1長(zhǎng)輸管道危害性因素分析........................................................1669.1.2管道系統(tǒng)安全防護(hù)對(duì)策............................................................166

IX

不同管道鋼級(jí)投資表..................................................................178河流穿越施工圖..........................................................................179自編程序VisualBasic不同管道鋼級(jí)投資表..................................................................178河流穿越施工圖..........................................................................179自編程序VisualBasic程序代碼...............................................181穿越軌跡設(shè)計(jì)程序代碼................................................................1899.2.1站場(chǎng)危害性因素分析................................................................1689.2.2站場(chǎng)安全防護(hù)對(duì)策....................................................................1689.3HSE管理體系建設(shè)與運(yùn)行.....................................................................1709.3.1HSE體系建設(shè)..............................................................................1709.3.2HSE體系實(shí)施..............................................................................1709.4應(yīng)急保障體系.......................................................................................1719.4.1突發(fā)事件分類(lèi)與分級(jí)................................................................1719.4.2應(yīng)急工作原則............................................................................172第10章投資成本估算...............................................................................................17310.1長(zhǎng)輸管道工程投資.............................................................................17310.2站場(chǎng)投資.............................................................................................17310.3方案工程總投資.................................................................................174參考文獻(xiàn).......................................................................................................................175附錄............................................................................................................................177附錄A管道水力摩阻計(jì)算......................................................................177附錄B附錄C附圖1....................................................................................................179附圖2....................................................................................................180附錄D附錄E

X

論

第1章總論論第1章總

1.1工程概況

R油田開(kāi)發(fā)是將井場(chǎng)原油通過(guò)集輸管道匯集至位于區(qū)塊南部的A聯(lián)合站，通過(guò)外輸管道170km外輸管道將原油輸送至裝車(chē)站。輸油干線(xiàn)起點(diǎn)是A聯(lián)合站，途經(jīng)B外輸首站，終點(diǎn)是C裝車(chē)站，該站原油經(jīng)火車(chē)裝車(chē)外運(yùn)給用戶(hù)。距離A聯(lián)合站40km處有一條河流，擬建輸油管道穿越該河流進(jìn)入B外輸首站，穿越河道長(zhǎng)度為1000m左右。河床相對(duì)比較平坦，河岸兩側(cè)地勢(shì)相對(duì)較高。裝車(chē)站位于外輸首站正北方向，距離外輸首站84km，原油通過(guò)管道輸送至裝車(chē)站，裝車(chē)站所在區(qū)域地勢(shì)平坦，位于鐵路編組東側(cè)8km處。各站相對(duì)位置如圖1.1所示。

圖1.1各站相對(duì)位置示意圖1

第1章總論

1.2編制依據(jù)

方案編制依據(jù)包括：(1)管道站場(chǎng)設(shè)計(jì)與規(guī)劃相關(guān)規(guī)范及標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。(2)《第一屆全國(guó)大學(xué)生油氣儲(chǔ)運(yùn)工程設(shè)計(jì)大賽方案基礎(chǔ)數(shù)據(jù)》。(3)《第一屆全國(guó)大學(xué)生油氣儲(chǔ)運(yùn)工程設(shè)計(jì)大賽方案編制要求》。

1.3編制原則

(l)遵守國(guó)家及本行業(yè)的有關(guān)法規(guī)和政策，嚴(yán)格執(zhí)行國(guó)家及行業(yè)的有關(guān)方針、政策、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、規(guī)范和法規(guī)。(2)貫徹“安全、可靠、成熟、實(shí)用、效益、節(jié)能、環(huán)?！钡闹笇?dǎo)思想，以提高經(jīng)濟(jì)效益為中心，采用各種有效措施，優(yōu)化總體布局。(3)根據(jù)研究區(qū)塊的地理位置及環(huán)境特點(diǎn)，針對(duì)原油物性參數(shù)，整體設(shè)計(jì)，分布實(shí)施，考慮適當(dāng)預(yù)留，建設(shè)規(guī)模、設(shè)備能力和布局上具有靈活性和適應(yīng)性；(4)在確保安全生產(chǎn)的前提下，盡量簡(jiǎn)化工藝流程并做到工藝合理、安全、經(jīng)濟(jì)、高效運(yùn)行。(5)充分考慮環(huán)境保護(hù)、節(jié)約能源、職業(yè)安全衛(wèi)生和污染源的控制，必須符合安全、環(huán)保、節(jié)能降耗等有關(guān)規(guī)范要求，確保萬(wàn)無(wú)一失。(6)重視環(huán)境保護(hù)，采取有效措施防止環(huán)境污染。(7)以提高經(jīng)濟(jì)效益為中心，采取各種有效措施，優(yōu)化總體布局，簡(jiǎn)化工藝，提高整體設(shè)計(jì)水平和綜合經(jīng)濟(jì)效益。

1.4設(shè)計(jì)范圍

長(zhǎng)輸管道工程設(shè)計(jì)，包括管道工藝及管道運(yùn)行與管理設(shè)計(jì)。穿跨越工程設(shè)計(jì)，包括穿越曲線(xiàn)設(shè)計(jì)和施工方案設(shè)計(jì)。站場(chǎng)設(shè)計(jì)，包括工藝流程設(shè)計(jì)、油水處理方案設(shè)計(jì)、工藝設(shè)備規(guī)格參數(shù)設(shè)計(jì)、站內(nèi)管道水力熱力計(jì)算及強(qiáng)度校核、鐵路裝車(chē)方案設(shè)計(jì)。輔助生產(chǎn)系統(tǒng)及配套工程設(shè)計(jì)，包括自控系統(tǒng)、消防、防火防爆、防雷防靜電、防雜散電流、數(shù)字化建設(shè)。

1.5國(guó)家級(jí)地方有關(guān)法律、法規(guī)

《中華人民共和國(guó)安全生產(chǎn)法》中華人民共和國(guó)主席令第70號(hào)《中華人民共和國(guó)消防法》中華人民共和國(guó)