全球變暖和保護(hù)生態(tài)環(huán)境文章的中英文資料

全球變暖和保護(hù)生態(tài)環(huán)境文章的中英文資料全球氣溫變暖的主要原因：人類活動(dòng)對(duì)氣候變化肯定是有變化和影響的。人類燃燒煤、油、天然氣和樹木，產(chǎn)生大量二氧化碳和甲烷進(jìn)入大氣層后使地球升溫，大氣中二氧化碳排放量增加是造成地球氣候變暖的根源。Themainreasonforglobalwarming:humanactivitiesdefinitelyhaveanimpactonclimatechange.Humanburnscoal,oil,naturalgaswhichproducedalargeamountofcarbondioxideandmethane,anditwarmedtheearth.Thecauseofglobalwarmingistheincreasedcarbondioxideemissionsintotheatmosphere.造成的危害:首先是自然生態(tài)會(huì)發(fā)生變化；土地荒漠化，森林退向極地，雨量增加，冬天更濕，夏天更旱，旱澇災(zāi)害增加，熱帶將酷熱無(wú)比，人類難以生存。其次是兩極冰塊大面積熔化，使海平面上升，那將使生活在沿海的占世界1/3的人口無(wú)家可歸，世界許多港口城市淹沒(méi)于一片汪洋之中。Harms:first,tochangethenaturalecology;landdesertification,forestbacktothepolarregions,increasedrainfallinwinter,wetter,moredroughtsinsummer,increaseddroughtsandfloods,tropicalwouldbeextremelyhot,humandifficulttosurvive.Second,themeltingpolarice,alargearea,sothatsealevelrise,whichwillliveincoastalareasoftheworld's1/3ofthepopulationhomeless,manyoftheworldportcitysubmergedinaseaof.由于人類活動(dòng)的影響，中國(guó)的氣候在21世紀(jì)將繼續(xù)明顯變暖，其中中國(guó)北方冬天的變暖趨勢(shì)最為明顯。作為對(duì)比，過(guò)去100年中，中國(guó)的升溫幅度僅為0.5°C至U0.8°C。由于氣候暖干，三江平原濕地資源及生物多樣性都將減少，瀕危物種增加，大面積沼澤濕地將變成草甸濕地。長(zhǎng)江三角洲附近的濕地，則將受到海平面上升的威脅，導(dǎo)致面積減少，質(zhì)量下降，潮灘地被淹沒(méi)和侵蝕。由于氣溫上升，導(dǎo)致黃河和內(nèi)陸河地區(qū)的蒸發(fā)量可能增長(zhǎng)15%左右，北方水資源短缺以及南方的洪澇災(zāi)害都將加劇。溫度升高導(dǎo)致凍土融化，也會(huì)影響到青藏鐵路的安全。Astheimpactofhumanactivities,theclimateinthe21stcenturyChinawillcontinuetosignificantlywarmer,whichinwinterwarmingtrendinnorthernChinathemostobvious.Incontrast,overthepast100years,China'stemperatureriseofonly0.5Cto0.8°C.AswarmanddryclimateintheSanjiangPlainwetlandresourcesandbiodiversitywilldecrease,anincreaseofendangeredspecies,largeareaswillbecomeameadowmarshwetlands.WetlandsneartheYangtzeRiverDelta,willbethethreatofrisingsealevels,resultinginreducedsize,lowerquality,tidalinundationandbeacherosion.Astemperaturesrise,leadingtotheYellowRiverandinlandriversoftheevaporationmayincreaseabout15%watershortageinnorthernandsouthernfloodswillincrease.Leadtopermafrostmeltingtemperature,alsoaffectthesafetyoftheQinghai-TibetRailway.由于人類活動(dòng)的影響，中國(guó)的氣候在21世紀(jì)將繼續(xù)明顯變暖，其中中國(guó)北方冬天的變暖趨勢(shì)最為明顯。作為對(duì)比，過(guò)去100年中，中國(guó)的升溫幅度僅為0.5C至U0.8Co由于氣候暖干，三江平原濕地資源及生物多樣性都將減少，瀕危物種增加，大面積沼澤濕地將變成草甸濕地。長(zhǎng)江三角洲附近的濕地，則將受到海平面上升的威脅，導(dǎo)致面積減少，質(zhì)量下降，潮灘地被淹沒(méi)和侵蝕。由于氣溫上升，導(dǎo)致黃河和內(nèi)陸河地區(qū)的蒸發(fā)量可能增長(zhǎng)15%左右，北方水資源短缺以及南方的洪澇災(zāi)害都將加劇。溫度升高導(dǎo)致凍土融化，也會(huì)影響到青藏鐵路的安全。Astheimpactofhumanactivities,theclimateinthe21stcenturyChinawillcontinuetosignificantlywarmer,whichinwinterwarmingtrendinnorthernChinathemostobvious.Incontrast,overthepast100years,China'stemperatureriseofonly0.5°Cto0.8°C.AswarmanddryclimateintheSanjiangPlainwetlandresourcesandbiodiversitywilldecrease,anincreaseofendangeredspecies,largeareaswillbecomeameadowmarshwetlands.WetlandsneartheYangtzeRiverDelta,willbethethreatofrisingsealevels,resultinginreducedsize,lowerquality,tidalinundationandbeacherosion.Astemperaturesrise,leadingtotheYellowRiverandinlandriversoftheevaporationmayincreaseabout15%watershortageinnorthernandsouthernfloodswillincrease.Leadtopermafrostmeltingtemperature,alsoaffectthesafetyoftheQinghai-TibetRailway.人們過(guò)去一向認(rèn)為，多種植樹木有助于減緩全球氣溫升高的現(xiàn)象。不過(guò)，科學(xué)家如今指出，如果地球氣溫再升高2攝氏度，森林反而可能成為二氧化碳的凈排放來(lái)源。植物會(huì)吸收也會(huì)排放二氧化碳;健康的森林，尤其是熱帶地區(qū)的森林所吸收的溫室氣體，會(huì)比它們排放的來(lái)得多。不過(guò)，如果這些森林受到破壞、生病或是死亡，蓄積在這些森林里的二氧化碳就會(huì)被釋放出來(lái)。人類砍伐森林時(shí)進(jìn)行的焚燒和摧毀所釋放的溫室氣體，占了總碳排放量的20%森林可吸收四分之一的總碳排放量，隨著它們?nèi)找嫦?，或是成為凈排放?lái)源，空氣中的二氧化碳將大幅度增加?！盤eopleusedtoalwaysthinkthat,morethanplantingtreeshelpslowglobalwarmingphenomenon.However,scientistshavenowpointedoutthatifglobaltemperaturesriseanother2degreesCelsius,theforestbutitmaybecomeanetcarbondioxideemissionsources.Plantsabsorbcarbondioxideemissionswillbe;thehealthofforests,especiallytropicalforestsabsorbthegreenhousegasemissionsthantheyaretomuch.However,iftheseforestsaredestroyed,illnessordeath,accumulationofcarbondioxideintheseforestswillbereleased.Whenhumanburningofdeforestationanddestructionofthereleaseofgreenhousegases,ofthetotalcarbonemissionsby20%oftheforestcanabsorbaquarterofthetotalcarbonemissions,astheyincreasinglydisappear,orbecomeanetsourceofemissions,carbondioxideintheairwillincreasesignificantly.從以上分析可以看出，影響氣候變化的因素極其復(fù)雜，天體運(yùn)行和地球運(yùn)動(dòng)的威力比人的影響不知要大多少倍，它可以使天氣變熱，也能讓地球變冷。而人的力量在大自然面前顯得非常渺小，連一場(chǎng)臺(tái)風(fēng)吹來(lái)也只有躲避的份兒，大自然的力量是根本抗御不了的。肆無(wú)忌憚地糟踐自然，人類必然會(huì)受到嚴(yán)厲懲罰。人類應(yīng)該盡一切努力，去做好應(yīng)該也能夠做好的事情。大力發(fā)展低碳經(jīng)濟(jì)已經(jīng)成了國(guó)際社會(huì)的共識(shí)。Canbeseenfromtheaboveanalysis,impactofclimatechangeintheextremelycomplex,andtheearthmovementsofcelestialbodiesthanthehumanimpactunknownpowerbemanytimesgreater,whichcanmaketheweatherBianre,Yemaketheearthcooler.Thepowerofpeopleinfrontofitisverysmallinnature,withatyphoonblowingonlyescapetobutisthefundamentalforcesofnaturecannotresist.Brazenlyinsultingnature,mankindwillinevitablybeseverelypunished.Manshouldmakeeveryefforttodoagoodjobshouldalsobeabletodothings.Todeveloplow-carboneconomyhasbecometheconsensusoftheinternationalcommunity.從以上分析可以看出，影響氣候變化的因素極其復(fù)雜，天體運(yùn)行和地球運(yùn)動(dòng)的威力比人的影響不知要大多少倍，它可以使天氣變熱，也能讓地球變冷。而人的力量在大自然面前顯得非常渺小，連一場(chǎng)臺(tái)風(fēng)吹來(lái)也只有躲避的份兒，大自然的力量是根本抗御不了的。肆無(wú)忌憚地糟踐自然，人類必然會(huì)受到嚴(yán)厲懲罰。人類應(yīng)該盡一切努力，去做好應(yīng)該也能夠做好的事情。大力發(fā)展低碳經(jīng)濟(jì)已經(jīng)成了國(guó)際社會(huì)的共識(shí)。Canbeseenfromtheaboveanalysis,impactofclimatechangeintheextremelycomplex,andtheearthmovementsofcelestialbodiesthanthehumanimpactunknownpowerbemanytimesgreater,whichcanmaketheweatherBianre,Yemaketheearthcooler.Thepowerofpeopleinfrontofitisverysmallinnature,withatyphoonblowingonlyescapetobutisthefundamentalforcesofnaturecannotresist.Brazenlyinsultingnature,mankindwillinevitablybeseverelypunished.Manshouldmakeeveryefforttodoagoodjobshouldalsobeabletodothings.Todeveloplow-carboneconomyhasbecometheconsensusoftheinternationalcommunity.主要是就各國(guó)二氧化碳的排放量問(wèn)題，簽署協(xié)議，根據(jù)各國(guó)的GDP大小減少二氧化碳的排放量。產(chǎn)生爭(zhēng)議的關(guān)鍵在于：二氧化碳排放量到底應(yīng)該減少多少？以歐美為代表的發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家制定的減排標(biāo)準(zhǔn)很高，發(fā)展中國(guó)家(中國(guó)、印度等)技術(shù)落后，一般都達(dá)不到那么低的排放量。事實(shí)上，發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家由于工業(yè)化程度高，總的二氧化碳排放量很高，發(fā)展中國(guó)家盡管單位產(chǎn)值排放的二氧化碳比發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家高，但總量小，所以對(duì)氣候變暖造成重大影響的是發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家。他們的工業(yè)化歷程都200多年了，排放的二氧化碳能比我們少嗎？歐美提高排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，主旨在遏制發(fā)展中國(guó)家的發(fā)展：要么買他的最新減排設(shè)備和減排技術(shù)，花掉發(fā)展中國(guó)家的外匯儲(chǔ)備；要么減緩發(fā)展中國(guó)家的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展，不對(duì)他們構(gòu)成威脅。Mainlyonthenationalcarbondioxideemissions,signedanagreement,accordingtothesizeofnationalGDPtoreducecarbondioxideemissions.Thekeyistogeneratecontroversy:carbondioxideemissionsshouldbereducedintheendhowmuch?DevelopedcountriesinEuropeandAmericaasrepresentedbythedevelopmentofemissionreductionstandardsarehigh,thedevelopingcountries(China,India,etc.),backwardtechnology,aregenerallynotreachthatlowemissions.Infact,thedevelopedcountriesbecauseofhighlevelsofindustrialization,ahightotalcarbondioxideemissions,developingcountries,eventhoughcarbondioxideemissionsperunitofoutputthanindevelopedcountries,buttheamountissmall,sothemajorimpactofclimatewarming,developedcountries.Theyhave200yearsofindustrializationprocess,andemissionsofcarbondioxidetolessthanwedo?EuropeandtheUnitedStatestoimproveemissionstandards,Themainpurposeofcurbingthedevelopmentofdevelopingcountries:eithertobuyhimthelatestequipmentandemissionsreductiontechnology,tospendforeignexchangereservesofdevelopingcountries;orslowdowntheeconomicdevelopmentofdevelopingcountries,doesnotposeathreattothem.由于發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家中期減排目標(biāo)和用于幫助發(fā)展中國(guó)家適應(yīng)氣候變化的資金和技術(shù)轉(zhuǎn)讓兩大實(shí)質(zhì)問(wèn)題困擾著氣候談判，在哥本哈根達(dá)成新的減排協(xié)議將困難重重。在哥本哈根聯(lián)合國(guó)氣候變化大會(huì)上，192個(gè)代表將圍繞以下議題展開激烈博弈:全球新一輪的減排目標(biāo)協(xié)議、發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家向發(fā)展中國(guó)家提供適應(yīng)氣候變化的資金及技術(shù)轉(zhuǎn)讓機(jī)制、保護(hù)森林機(jī)制的組成及完善清潔發(fā)展機(jī)制等。Medium-termemissionreductiontargetsasdevelopedandusedtohelpdevelopingcountriesadapttoclimatechange,fundingandtechnologytransferaretworealproblemsofclimatenegotiationsinCopenhagentoreachanewagreementwillreduceemissionsdifficult.UnitedNationsClimateChangeConferenceinCopenhagen,the192delegateswillfocusonthefollowingtopicsfiercegame:newroundofglobalemissionreductiontargetsagreement,developedcountriestodevelopingcountriesadapttoclimatechangefundsandtechnologytransfermechanisms,mechanismstoprotectforestscompositionandimprovethecleandevelopmentmechanism.有60多個(gè)國(guó)家的國(guó)家元首、政府首腦出席大會(huì)。我國(guó)國(guó)務(wù)院總理溫家寶將出席哥本哈根聯(lián)合國(guó)氣候變化大會(huì)。英國(guó)首相奧巴馬、法國(guó)總統(tǒng)薩科齊等國(guó)家元首和政府首腦均表示將出席本次大會(huì)。美國(guó)總統(tǒng)奧巴馬也將出席大會(huì).Morethan60headsofstate,governmentleadersattendedthemeeting.ChinesePremierWenJiabaowillattendtheUnitedNationsClimateChangeConferenceinCopenhagen.BritishPrimeMinisterObama,FrenchPresidentNicolasSarkozyandotherheadsofstateandgovernmentleadershavesaidtheywouldattendthemeeting.BarackObamaalsowillattend.越來(lái)越強(qiáng)烈的環(huán)境問(wèn)題讓我們更加重視我們的現(xiàn)在和未來(lái)，可是真正的磋商卻已遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)背離了主角。各國(guó)商談中浮現(xiàn)出的矛盾并不在環(huán)境，客觀因素占了主導(dǎo)。國(guó)家利益為基本原則無(wú)變動(dòng)，根據(jù)環(huán)境治理所牽扯到的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展力度為核心，不免讓我看到人類競(jìng)爭(zhēng)之下的犧牲品——環(huán)境。我們還要繼續(xù)努力去打破這一僵局，爭(zhēng)取環(huán)境問(wèn)題的真正解決Moreandmorestronglysothatwepaymoreattentiontoenvironmentalissuesofourpresentandfuture,buttherealnegotiationsalreadyfardeviatedfromthemaincharacter.Countriestodiscusstheconflictdoesnotemergeoutoftheenvironment,objectivefactorsprevailed.Nationalinterestsasabasicprincipleoffreemovement,theenvironmentalgovernanceintheeconomicdevelopmenteffortsinvolvethecore,cannothelpbutletmeseethecompetitionavictimofhuman-environment.Wemustcontinueoureffortstobreakthedeadlock,realsolutionforenvironmentalproblems全球變暖會(huì)使我們沒(méi)有冬天。“四季少了夏和冬”絕對(duì)不是好事。全球變暖是指全球氣溫升高。近100多年來(lái)，全球平均氣溫經(jīng)歷了冷一暖一冷一暖兩次波動(dòng)，總得看為上升趨勢(shì)。進(jìn)入八十年代后，全球氣溫明顯上升。1981?1990年全球平均氣溫比100年前上升了0.48^。導(dǎo)致全球變暖的主要原因是人類在近一個(gè)世紀(jì)以來(lái)大量使用礦物燃料（如煤、石油等），排放出大量的CO2等多種溫室氣體。由于這些溫室氣體對(duì)來(lái)自太陽(yáng)輻射的短波具有高度的透過(guò)性，而對(duì)地球反射出來(lái)的長(zhǎng)波輻射具有高度的吸收性，也就是常說(shuō)的溫室效應(yīng)”，導(dǎo)致全球氣候變暖。全球變暖的后果，會(huì)使全球降水量重新分配，冰川和凍土消融，海平面上升等，既危害自然生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的平衡，更會(huì)威脅到人類的食物供應(yīng)和居住環(huán)境。Globalwarmingwouldwehavenowinter."Summerandwinterseasonsless"absolutelynotagoodthing.Globalwarmingreferstoincreaseintheglobalclimate.Nearly100years,globalaveragetemperaturethroughthecold-warm-cold-warmtwofluctuations,therewasalwaysseentorise.Intotheeighties,theglobaltemperaturehassignificantlyincreased.1981to1990,globalaveragetemperatureincreaseofmorethan100yearsago,0.48°C.Themaincauseofglobalwarmingisnearlyacenturyofhumanheavyuseoffossilfuels(suchascoal,oil,etc.),largeamountsofCO2emissionsandothergreenhousegases.Thesegreenhousegasesontheshort-waveradiationfromthesunwithahighdegreeofpermeability,whilethelong-waveradiationreflectedfromtheEartharehighlyabsorbent,itisoftensaidthatthegreenhouseeffect",leadingtoglobalwarming.Globalwarmingtheconsequencesofglobalprecipitationwillre-distribution,meltingglaciersandpermafrost,risingsealevels,endangeringnotonlythebalanceofnaturalecosystems,butalsoathreattothehumanfoodsupplyandlivingenvironment.冰期是指有大面積冰川覆蓋且有強(qiáng)烈冰川作用的重要地質(zhì)時(shí)期。有廣義和狹義之分，廣義的冰期又稱大冰期，大冰期中氣候較寒冷的時(shí)期稱冰期，氣候較溫暖的時(shí)期稱間冰期。地球上一共發(fā)生過(guò)4次大冰期，距今最近是第四紀(jì)冰期，當(dāng)今世界的地貌主要是受上次冰期的影響。普遍的觀點(diǎn)認(rèn)為，當(dāng)今世界正處于一個(gè)間冰期，也就是正在漸漸向下一個(gè)冰期過(guò)渡間冰期中往往還有小冰期，13世紀(jì)到18世紀(jì)就是一個(gè)相對(duì)的小冰期，當(dāng)時(shí)歐亞大陸氣候寒冷，很多國(guó)家的史書都有記載，比如寒潮突來(lái)時(shí)跑在路上的狗被瞬間凍結(jié)。冰期變化是自然規(guī)律，無(wú)論有沒(méi)有人為的因素，它都必然會(huì)發(fā)生。只是現(xiàn)在人類已經(jīng)強(qiáng)大到可以改變自然的節(jié)奏。Glacialepochisalargeareaoficecoverandtheimportantroleofstrongglacialgeologicalperiod.Broadandnarrowsense,broadsense,alsoknownasGlacialiceage,glacialmaximumperiodofclimatewascoldandice,saidtheclimatewarmerperiodscalledinterglacial.HaveoccurredonEarth4glacialmaximum,Quaternaryglacialawayrecently,theworld'slandscapeisdominatedbytheimpactofthelasticeage.Theprevailingviewthattheworldisinainterglacialperiod,whichisbeinggraduallytransitiontothenextIceAgeInterglacialoftenhavetheLittleIceAge,the13thcenturytothe18thcenturyLittleIceAgeisarelative,whenthecoldweathertheEurasiancontinent,manycountrieshavehistoricalrecords,suchassuddencoldwaveinthewaydogsrunwhenthemomentwasfrozen.Glacialchangesinthelawsofnature,withorwithouthumanfactors,whichareboundtohappen.Isnowstrongenoughtochangehumannaturerhythm.全球變暖會(huì)使我們沒(méi)有冬天?！八募旧倭讼暮投苯^對(duì)不是好事。全球變暖是指全球氣溫升高。近100多年來(lái)，全球平均氣溫經(jīng)歷了冷一暖一冷一暖兩次波動(dòng)，總得看為上升趨勢(shì)。進(jìn)入八十年代后，全球氣溫明顯上升。1981?1990年全球平均氣溫比100年前上升了0.48^。導(dǎo)致全球變暖的主要原因是人類在近一個(gè)世紀(jì)以來(lái)大量使用礦物燃料(如煤、石油等)，排放出大量的CO2等多種溫室氣體。由于這些溫室氣體對(duì)來(lái)自太陽(yáng)輻射的短波具有高度的透過(guò)性，而對(duì)地球反射出來(lái)的長(zhǎng)波輻射具有高度的吸收性，也就是常說(shuō)的溫室效應(yīng)”，導(dǎo)致全球氣候變暖。全球變暖的后果，會(huì)使全球降水量重新分配，冰川和凍土消融，海平面上升等，既危害自然生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的平衡，更會(huì)威脅到人類的食物供應(yīng)和居住環(huán)境。Globalwarmingwouldwehavenowinter."Summerandwinterseasonsless"absolutelynotagoodthing.Globalwarmingreferstoincreaseintheglobalclimate.Nearly100years,globalaveragetemperaturethroughthecold-warm-cold-warmtwofluctuations,therewasalwaysseentorise.Intotheeighties,theglobaltemperaturehassignificantlyincreased.1981to1990,globalaveragetemperatureincreaseofmorethan100yearsago,0.48°C.Themaincauseofglobalwarmingisnearlyacenturyofhumanheavyuseoffossilfuels(suchascoal,oil,etc.),largeamountsofCO2emissionsandothergreenhousegases.Thesegreenhousegasesontheshort-waveradiationfromthesunwithahighdegreeofpermeability,whilethelong-waveradiationreflectedfromtheEartharehighlyabsorbent,itisoftensaidthatthegreenhouseeffect",leadingtoglobalwarming.Globalwarmingtheconsequencesofglobalprecipitationwillre-distribution,meltingglaciersandpermafrost,risingsealevels,endangeringnotonlythebalanceofnaturalecosystems,butalsoathreattothehumanfoodsupplyandlivingenvironment.國(guó)家氣象局局長(zhǎng)秦大河4月02日表示，根據(jù)預(yù)測(cè)，我國(guó)氣候?qū)⒗^續(xù)變暖，這會(huì)影響到社會(huì)、經(jīng)濟(jì)和政治的發(fā)展。秦大河是在外交學(xué)院舉辦的“外交學(xué)院論壇”上做上述表示的。秦大河說(shuō)，我國(guó)北部地區(qū)是氣溫上升最快的地區(qū)，特別是東北地區(qū)和西北地區(qū)，從我國(guó)整體來(lái)看，降水量有增加的趨勢(shì)。他表示，全球變暖還將繼續(xù)，21世紀(jì)將比20世紀(jì)增長(zhǎng)更快。秦大河說(shuō)，過(guò)去300年，中國(guó)山地冰川的面積減少了1/4,預(yù)計(jì)到2050年，面積還將減少1/4，在短短3個(gè)多世紀(jì)時(shí)間里，我國(guó)山地冰川的面積將減少一半。秦大河表示，氣溫變暖對(duì)我國(guó)有比較明顯的負(fù)面效應(yīng)，農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)量、農(nóng)業(yè)布局和農(nóng)業(yè)投資成本都將受到影響，人居環(huán)境和人民健康會(huì)受到影響，水資源的供需矛盾還將進(jìn)一步加劇。另?yè)?jù)專家分析，目前觀測(cè)到的區(qū)域氣候變曖對(duì)中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)影響的主要表現(xiàn)為兩喜兩憂。中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院農(nóng)業(yè)環(huán)境與可持續(xù)發(fā)展研究所所長(zhǎng)林而達(dá)在我國(guó)可持續(xù)能源記者論壇上說(shuō)，氣候變暖給我國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)帶來(lái)的兩喜是：使中國(guó)東北、南疆有農(nóng)作物產(chǎn)量增加的趨勢(shì)；北方農(nóng)作物生長(zhǎng)季延長(zhǎng)，改善了新疆棉花的質(zhì)量。而兩憂則是：農(nóng)業(yè)病蟲害范圍北移，面積擴(kuò)大，形勢(shì)更為嚴(yán)重；水稻、小麥和玉米的生產(chǎn)可能由于持續(xù)變曖而加快生長(zhǎng)，縮短了生長(zhǎng)期，從而發(fā)生不利影響。林而達(dá)強(qiáng)調(diào)，研究結(jié)果表明，氣候變曖對(duì)中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)的進(jìn)一步不利影響還會(huì)發(fā)生，會(huì)需要更高的適應(yīng)成本，但還不至于影響糧食安全。同時(shí)，氣候問(wèn)題已經(jīng)成為涉及全球政治的重要問(wèn)題，《京都議定書》已經(jīng)成為國(guó)際政治的焦點(diǎn)之一。前不久，英國(guó)《觀察家》報(bào)道，五角大樓最近出爐的一份秘密報(bào)告稱，氣候變暖的問(wèn)題將引發(fā)全球性的騷亂和核戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)，氣候變暖對(duì)世界的威脅遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)大于恐怖主義。NationalMeteorologicalAdministration,QinDahe,saidonApril2,accordingtoforecasts,Chinawillcontinuetowarmingclimate,whichwillaffectthesocial,economicandpoliticaldevelopment.QinDahewasheldintheForeignAffairsCollege,"ForeignAffairsCollegeForum"madetheaboveremarks.QinDahe,saidthenorthernregionofChinaisthefastestwarmingregions,especiallyintheNortheastandNorthwestregions,fromChinaasawhole,thereisanincreasingtrendinprecipitation.Hesaidthatglobalwarmingwillcontinue,inthe21stcenturyfasterthanthegrowthinthe20thcentury.QinDahe,saidinthepast300years,theChinesemountainglacierareadecreasedby1/4,2050,anareawillreducethe1/4Injustmorethanthreecenturiesoftime,thesizeofChina'smountainglacierswillbereducedbyhalf.QinDaheBiaoshitemperaturewarmingonWoguoYoucomparethenegativeeffectsofclearDi,agriculturalproduction,agriculturallayoutandagriculturalTouzichengbenDuJiangShoudaoyingxiang,RenRenMinhealthylivingenvironmentandwillbeaffectedthesupplyanddemandMaodunhuanqiangJinYibuShuiziYuanJiaJu.Accordingtoexpertanalysis,thecurrentobservedregionalclimatewarmingeffectsonagricultureinChinamainlyfortwohitwoconcerns.ChineseAcademyofAgriculturalEnvironmentandSustainableDevelopmentResearchInstituteofForestandoverinmycountrySustainableEnergy'sforum,saidclimatechangetoChina'sagricultureistwohi:tonortheasternChina,southerntrendhasincreasedcropyields;northernextensionofcropgrowingseason,improvedthequalityofcotton.Thetwoconcernsare:thescopeofagriculturalpestsnorth,anareaofexpansion,thesituationismoreserious;rice,wheatandmaizeproductionmaybeduetocontinuedwarmingandspeedupgrowthandshortenthegrowthperiod,whichadverselyaffected.DaLinstressed,theresultsshowthatclimatewarmingonagricultureinChinawillfurtheradverseeffectsoccur,willneedtoadapttohighercosts,buthavenoeffectonfoodsecurity.Meanwhile,theclimateissuehasbecomeanimportantglobalpoliticalissuesinvolved,"KyotoProtocol"hasbecomeafocusofinternationalpolitics.Notlongago,theBritish"Observer"reportedthattherecentunveilingofasecretPentagonreport,climatewarmingwillleadtoglobalunrestandnuclearwar,thethreatofglobalwarmingontheworldfargreaterthanterrorism.可能你已經(jīng)聽說(shuō)過(guò)地球變暖會(huì)在未來(lái)產(chǎn)生的一系列后果：氣溫上升、冰蓋融化、海平面上升等，但其實(shí)，地球氣候的變化正以一些另類的方式展現(xiàn)在我們面前。想想那肆虐的山火、那25米長(zhǎng)的冰山、那消失的湖泊、以及反常的過(guò)敏和一些古老疾病的復(fù)活吧。一、 過(guò)敏加重你是否發(fā)現(xiàn)每年春天折磨你的打噴嚏和眼睛癢這幾年更嚴(yán)重了？如果是這樣，你可以把一部分原因歸罪于全球變暖。過(guò)去的十幾年中，越來(lái)越多的美國(guó)人開始患上季節(jié)性過(guò)敏和哮喘。雖然從根本上來(lái)說(shuō)，生活方式的變化和污染的增加使人們更容易得呼吸道疾病，但研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，跟全球變暖有關(guān)的二氧化碳濃度增加和氣溫增高促使植物提早開花，并產(chǎn)生更多花粉。更多的過(guò)敏源出現(xiàn)得更早，過(guò)敏季節(jié)就會(huì)持續(xù)更久----所以，準(zhǔn)備好你的紙巾吧。二、 去爬山從二十世紀(jì)初開始，我們必須爬到更高的地方才能看到我們喜愛(ài)的金花鼠和松鼠了。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，很多這類動(dòng)物搬到了高處，可能是因?yàn)槿蜃兣淖兞怂鼈兊纳盍?xí)性。同樣被迫改變習(xí)性的還有北極生物，如北極熊，因?yàn)樗鼈冑囈陨娴暮Ｑ蟾”谥饾u融化。三、 北極花季北極冰蓋的融化會(huì)對(duì)低緯度的動(dòng)植物帶來(lái)問(wèn)題，而對(duì)北極生物圈來(lái)說(shuō)，它完完全全創(chuàng)造了一個(gè)陽(yáng)光明媚的新環(huán)境。以前，北極的植物一年中的大部分時(shí)間陷在冰層中，現(xiàn)在，冰層在春天更早的時(shí)候就融化了，植物們看起來(lái)更渴望生長(zhǎng)了。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，在新的土壤中，制造葉綠素的光合作用水平比古老的土壤更高，這表明在近幾十年里，北極將迎來(lái)花季。四、 拔掉塞子在剛過(guò)去的幾十年里，有125個(gè)湖泊以令人驚訝的速度從北極消失，這說(shuō)明全球變暖在地球的兩極作用得特別快。在這些失蹤湖泊周圍的調(diào)查顯示，湖底的永久凍土可能已經(jīng)融化。當(dāng)這種永久凍土融化后，湖里的水就會(huì)滲入泥土，把湖泊排干，有學(xué)者形象地把這種現(xiàn)象比喻為“撥掉了浴缸中的塞子”。當(dāng)湖泊消失后，它們所支持的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)也就失去了家園。五、 大規(guī)模的解凍地球溫度的升高不僅融化了巨大的冰川，而且融化了地表以下的永久凍土層。凍土層的解凍會(huì)造成土地的高低不平，因此會(huì)出現(xiàn)土地下陷而危及地面的建筑，如鐵路軌道、高速公路及房屋。如果解凍發(fā)生在地勢(shì)較高的地方，如山區(qū)，則很可能引起泥石流等自然災(zāi)害。最新研究還發(fā)現(xiàn)，一些類似于天花等已滅絕的疾病可能存在于凍土中的古老尸體中，隨著凍土層的解凍，它們將再一次復(fù)活，回到現(xiàn)代人類中間。六、 適者生存全球變暖讓春天來(lái)得更早了，早起的鳥兒未必會(huì)有蟲子吃了。生物鐘的變化會(huì)隨著基因帶入下一代。因?yàn)橐荒曛兄参镩_花提早了，所以那些按照正常時(shí)間進(jìn)行遷徙的動(dòng)物可能會(huì)錯(cuò)過(guò)它們所有的食物，而那些能調(diào)整自己的生物鐘早早出發(fā)的動(dòng)物就有了更多的生存機(jī)會(huì)，然后把基因傳給它們的下一代，就這樣最終改變了整個(gè)種群的基因檔案。七、 衛(wèi)星加速地球變暖的一大原因----二氧化碳排放增加，使大氣層發(fā)生了離奇的扭曲。空氣在地球大氣層的最外層已經(jīng)十分稀薄，但空氣分子仍然會(huì)對(duì)衛(wèi)星運(yùn)動(dòng)形成阻力，拖慢衛(wèi)星的運(yùn)動(dòng)，因此需要地面人員周期性地加快衛(wèi)星運(yùn)行速度以使它回到正確的軌道上。但現(xiàn)在，那里的二氧化碳濃度在增加。當(dāng)較低層大氣中的二氧化碳分子相互碰撞而產(chǎn)生熱量時(shí)，那里的大氣溫度會(huì)上升，相反，較高層大氣中因?yàn)榉肿优鲎采?，熱量?huì)向下傳遞，造成較高層大氣的溫度下降。在高層大氣中，二氧化碳上升得越多，溫度下降發(fā)生得越多，從而形成空氣下沉，大氣密度增大，將衛(wèi)星“拖”得更慢。八、 山脈反彈雖然登山運(yùn)動(dòng)員不會(huì)注意到山脈的增高，但實(shí)際上，阿爾卑斯山脈以及其它山脈在過(guò)去的一個(gè)世紀(jì)中已經(jīng)增高不少，原因在于山頂冰川的融化。幾千年來(lái)，這些冰川的重量壓在地球表面，是向下的極大的壓力。隨著冰川的融化，重量減輕，地表正在逐步反彈。因?yàn)槿蜃兣铀倭吮ǖ娜诨俣龋陨矫}反彈的速度也在加快。九、 遺跡被毀世界上有很多古老遺跡，就象人類文明的博物館，抵擋了歲月的考驗(yàn)，記錄了人類的過(guò)去。但全球變暖的影響可能最后會(huì)把它們毀掉。上升的海平面和更多極端氣候?qū)⑽＜斑@類不可再生的瑰寶。因氣候變暖而引起的洪水已經(jīng)摧毀了一座600年前的遺跡----蘇可泰城，泰國(guó)曾經(jīng)的首都。十、森林大火當(dāng)變暖的氣候融化了大量冰川并制造了更多猛烈颶風(fēng)的同時(shí)，它也在美國(guó)點(diǎn)燃了一次次的森林大火。在剛過(guò)去的幾十年里，美國(guó)西部的森林大火比以往更多，持續(xù)時(shí)間也更長(zhǎng)。科學(xué)家們將猖獗的大火跟氣溫上升聯(lián)系起來(lái)。因?yàn)榇禾靵?lái)得更早了，融雪期也隨之提早，山林地區(qū)更為干燥并且干燥時(shí)間更久，于是增加了起火的機(jī)會(huì)。Perhapsyouhaveheardofglobalwarmingoverthenextproducesaseriesofconsequences:risingtemperatures,meltingicecaps,risingsealevels,butinfact,climatechangeisanumberofalternativewaystodemonstrateinfrontofus.Thinkaboutthatragingfire,that25-meter-longiceberg,thatthelakedisappeared,andtheunusualnumberofolddiseases,allergies,andtheresurrectionofit.First,increasedallergiesDoyoufindtortureeveryspringsneezinganditchyeyesyourevenmoreseriousinrecentyears?Ifso,youcanpartlybeblamedonglobalwarming.Overthepasttenyears,moreandmoreAmericanssufferfromseasonalallergiesandasthma.Althoughfundamentally,lifestylechangesandincreasedpollutionmakepeoplemoresusceptibletorespiratorydisease,butthestudyfoundthatwithglobalwarming-relatedcarbondioxideconcentrationandtemperatureincreasingtopromoteearlyfloweringplants,andproducemorepollen.Moreallergensoccursmuchearlier,allergyseasonwilllastmuchlonger——So,prepareyourtissuesinstead.Second,gomountainclimbingFromtheearlytwentiethcentury,wemustclimbhighertoseewhereourfavoritechipmunkandasquirrel.Studyfoundthatmanyoftheseanimalsmovedtohigherplaces,probablybecauseofglobalwarminghavechangedtheirhabits.TherearealsoforcedtochangethehabitsofArcticcreatures,suchaspolarbears,becausetheyarethesurvivalofmarineiceismelted.ArcticbloomArcticicecapmeltingwillcauseproblemsinlowlatitudes,plantsandanimals,whiletheArcticbiosphere,itcreatedacompletelynewenvironmentsunny.Previously,Arcticplantoftheyearinmostofthetimestuckintheice,andnow,theiceearlierinthespringwhenmelting,plantshaveseemedmoreeagertogrow.Studyfoundthat,inthenewsoil,thelevelofmanufactureofchlorophyllphotosynthesishigherthantheoldsoil,whichindicatesthatinrecentdecades,theArcticwillusherinthefloweringseason.unplugtheplugInjustthepastfewdecades,thereare125lakeswithsurprisingspeedawayfromtheNorthPole,indicatingthattheglobalwarmingeffectonEarth'spolesmuchfaster.Missingaroundtheselakessurveythelakebottommayhavebeenmeltingpermafrost.Whenthismeltingpermafrost,thelake'swaterwillinfiltrateintosoil,thelakesdrained,somescholarsdescribedsuchphenomenonasananalogyforthe"pulledoffabathtubplug."Whenthelakesdisappear,theecosystemstheysupportalsolosetheirhomes.Fivelarge-scalethawingEarth'stemperatureisnotonlyahugeglaciermelting,andmeltingofthepermafrostbelowthesurface.Thawingpermafrostwillcauseunevenland,itwilljeopardizethesoilsubsidencegroundconstruction,suchasrailwaytracks,highwaysandhousing.Ifthawinginhigherground,suchasmountains,itisverylikelytocauselandslidesandothernaturaldisasters.Newresearchalsofoundthatsomesimilartosmallpoxandotherdiseasesthatmaybeextinctthereinthefrozensoilintheoldbody,withthethawingofpermafrost,whichwillonceagainberevived,returnedtothemiddleofmodernhumans.survivalofthefittestLetspringcomeearlier,globalwarming,andearlybirdgetsthewormmaynotbeeaten.Varieswiththebiologicalclockgeneintothenextgeneration.Becausefloweringplantsyearearlier,sothatthenormaltimeformigratoryanimalsmaymissalloftheirfood,andthosewhocanadjusttheirbiologicalclocksofanimals,startingearlywillhaveagreaterchanceofsurvival,thenthegenetransfertotheirnextgeneration,itwillultimatelychangetheentirepopulationofthegenefile.satelliteaccelerationAmajorcauseofglobalwarmingcarbondioxideemissionsincrease——sobizarretwistoccurredintheatmosphere.AirintheoutermostlayeroftheEarth'satmosphereisalreadyverythin,butairmoleculesstillformaresistancemovementwouldbesatellite,slowdownthemovementofsatellites,groundstaffneededtorunperiodicallytospeedupsatellitespeedtomakeitbackontherighttrack.Butnow,wherethecarbondioxideconcentrationisincreasing.Whenthelowerlayeroftheatmosphereofcarbondioxidemoleculescollidewitheachotherandgenerateheatwhen,whereatmospherictemperaturewillrise,onthecontrary,ahigherlevelofmolecularcollisionsintheatmospherebecauselessheatwillbepassedondowntheThantheupperatmospherecausedbytemperaturedrop.Intheupperatmosphere,themorecarbondioxiderose,themorethetemperaturedropoccurs,thusformingtheairsinks,atmosphericdensity,thesatellite"delay"moreslowly.mountainsreboundAlthoughthemountainclimberswillnotnoticetheincrease,butinfact,theAlpsandothermountainrangesinthepastcenturyhasincreasedalotbecauseofmeltingglaciersPeak.Forthousandsofyears,theseglaciersweightattheEarth'ssurface,isagreatdownwardpressure.Asglaciersmelt,weight,surfaceisgraduallyrebounding.Becauseglobalwarminghasacceleratedtherateofmeltingglaciers,itisalsoacceleratingthespeedofreboundmountains.remainsdestroyedTherearemanyancientmonumentsintheworld,asthemuseumofhumancivilization,towithstandthetestofyearsofrecordedhumanpast.However,theimpactofglobalwarmingmaybethelastwilldestroythem.Risingsealevelsandmoreextremeweatherwillthreatenthetreasureofsuchnon-renewable.Duetofloodingcausedbyglobalwarminghasdestroyedtheremainsofa600yearsago,theSovietUniontoThailand——City,thecapitalofThailandwas.forestfiresWhenthewarmingclimatemeltedalargenumberofglaciersandcreatingmoreintensehurricanes,itwasinameetingoftheU.S.litforestfires.Injustthepastfewdecades,forestfiresinthewesternUnitedStatesmorethanever,forlonger.Scientistswillberampantfireslinkedwithwarming.Becausethespringhascomeearlier,andalsofollowedearliersnowmeltperiod,forestareaismoredryinganddryingtimelonger,thusincreasingthechanceoffire美國(guó)國(guó)家科學(xué)院的專家2000年1月的報(bào)告認(rèn)為，過(guò)去20年全球氣候變暖的平均速率大大超過(guò)了整個(gè)20世紀(jì)。許多專家認(rèn)為，氣候變暖的主要原因是由于人類大量使用化石燃料向大氣中排放二氧化碳和其他溫室氣體所致，但也有人認(rèn)為這只是影響全球氣候的一部分。有一件事情是清楚的，氣候變暖對(duì)所有種類的野生動(dòng)物都有影響。例如，在美國(guó)生態(tài)學(xué)會(huì)2002年4月份召開的一次會(huì)議上，科學(xué)家認(rèn)為，黃領(lǐng)土撥鼠春季從冬眠中蘇醒的時(shí)間要比23年前提前38天，因此他們?cè)谌蕴幱诒└采w的棲息地上將很難發(fā)現(xiàn)食物。由于低海拔地區(qū)的溫度上升，美國(guó)知更鳥遷徙的時(shí)間提前，但高緯度地區(qū)過(guò)去25年間溫度的季節(jié)性變化并沒(méi)有改變，這意味著知更鳥到達(dá)時(shí)，將因饑餓而死亡。ExpertsintheUnitedStatesNationalAcademyofSciencesreportinJanuary2000thatglobalwarmingoverthepast20years,theaveragerateofwellovertheentire20thcentury.Manyexpertsbelievethatclimatewarmingisduetohumanuseoffossilfuelemissionstotheatmospherecausedbycarbondioxideandothergreenhousegases,butsomefeltthatthisisonlypartoftheglobalclimate.Onethingisclear,climatewarmingonwildanimalsofallkindshaveanimpact.Forexample,intheEcologicalSocietyofAmericainApril2002atameeting,scientistsbelieve,yellowcollarwoodchuckhibernationinthespringtimethan23yearsago,38daysinadvance,sotheyarestillinthesnow-coveredhabitatsJianghardtofindfood.Aslowaltitudetemperaturerise,theUnitedStatesrobinmigrationtimeinadvance,butthehighlatitudesoverthepast25years,theseasonalchangeintemperaturehasnotchanged,whichmeansthatrobinsarrive,diedofhunger.防止全球變暖的舉手之勞關(guān)掉不必要的電燈難道不是舉手之勞嗎？事實(shí)上我們往往忘記了這一點(diǎn)。白天少開或關(guān)掉電燈，夜晚家里人盡量在同一個(gè)房間里活動(dòng)，進(jìn)出家門時(shí)隨手關(guān)燈……想加入“低碳生活”一族么，不妨看看以下建議。?及時(shí)關(guān)電腦統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)顯示，家庭中75%的用電都耗在使電視、電腦和音響等保持待機(jī)狀態(tài)上。平均一臺(tái)臺(tái)式電腦每天耗電60至250瓦。如果一臺(tái)電腦每天使用4小時(shí)，其他時(shí)間關(guān)閉，那么每年能節(jié)省約500元人民幣，且能減少83%的二氧化碳排放量。?多乘公交車交通產(chǎn)生的二氧化碳占溫室氣體排放量30%以上，減少此類排放量的最好辦法之一是:乘坐公交車。美國(guó)公共交通聯(lián)合會(huì)稱，公共交通每年節(jié)省近53億升天然氣，這意味著能減少150萬(wàn)噸二氧化碳排放量。?種一棵樹談到全球變暖，如果你不了解復(fù)雜的碳捕捉CCS)技術(shù)，那也不必慌張。事實(shí)上“捕捉”二氧化碳的能手就是樹木本身。要是你嫌自己種樹太麻煩的話，至少可以捐錢給環(huán)保組織，讓他們代勞。?選擇小房子人們都向往大房子，但大房子在無(wú)形中會(huì)增加碳的排放量，還需要更多的能量來(lái)加熱和制冷，就拿暖氣供應(yīng)來(lái)說(shuō)，大房子需要消耗大量的能源來(lái)維持溫度。房子越大，對(duì)環(huán)境的影響也大，現(xiàn)在美國(guó)每戶家庭每年平均要排放18噸溫室氣體，要消耗大量的燃料和非再生能源。?打開一扇窗我們每年人均排放約25噸二氧化碳，怎樣減少這個(gè)數(shù)字？有一些簡(jiǎn)單有效的方法:打開一扇窗戶，取代室內(nèi)空調(diào)；夏天使用空調(diào)時(shí)，溫度稍微調(diào)高幾度。數(shù)據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)表明，只要所有人把空調(diào)調(diào)高一度，全國(guó)每年能省下33億度電。Littleefforttopreventglobalwarming:Wepromotelow-carbonlivesLiftingafingertopreventglobalwarmingTurnoffunnecessarylightsIsnotliftingafingeryou?Infact,weoftenforge