語法填空題型公開課一等獎市優(yōu)質(zhì)課賽課獲獎課件

語法填空題型一提示類填空第1講動詞的時態(tài)、語態(tài)和主謂一致技巧1記牢基本定義,找準標志詞(2017·全國卷Ⅲ)Sarahsays,“MydadthinksIshouldtaketheoffernow.Butatthemoment,school_______(come)first.Idon’twanttogettooabsorbedinmodeling.”【解題步驟】①分析句子結(jié)構→句子缺少謂語②根據(jù)前后句的謂語動詞thinks和don’twant所在的語境判斷→謂語動詞表示現(xiàn)在→聯(lián)想表示現(xiàn)在的時態(tài)的基本定義③嘗試解答:______comes【過關檢測】①(2016·四川高考)However,itstayedwithherandlearnedaboutthewaysoftheforest.Then,aftertwoandahalfyearsthemother_____(drive)theyoungpandaaway.②(2016·全國卷Ⅲ)Confuciusbelievedkniveswouldremindpeopleofkillingsand_____(be)tooviolentforuseatthetable.drovewere③(2016·北京高考)Jack___________(work)inthelabwhenthepowercutoccurred.④(2016·江蘇高考)Dashan,who________________(learn)crosstalk,theChinesecomedictradition,fordecades,wantstomixitupwiththeWesternstand-uptradition.wasworkinghasbeenlearning⑤(2015·全國卷Ⅰ)Yangshuo__(be)reallybeautiful.⑥(2017·六安一模)Theassfoundthathe_________(fall)intoworsehands.⑦(2017·沈陽一模)Sofar,XiandTrump___________(speak)toeachothertwicebyphone.ishadfallenhavespoken⑧(2017·濰坊一模)Sleepinguponahardbedwithoutanypillowsometimes___________________(produce)thedesiredeffect.⑨(2017·唐山二模)Ifthenewhome______(prove)unsuitable,theywillreturntotheirshellstowaitinaqueue.produces/willproduceproves⑩(2017·合肥二模)Sometimessubjectthatyouthinkisgoingtobeuninteresting______(be)excitingwhenyoubegintoworkatitandunderstanditmoreclearly.willbe【技法點金】關注幾種?？紩r態(tài)的標志詞1.表示經(jīng)常性或習慣性動作、客觀事實或存在的狀態(tài)要想到用一般現(xiàn)在時。everytime,nowandthen,occasionally,often,seldom,sometimes,usually等表示頻率的時間狀語是標志詞?！鵏ighttravelsat300,000kilometersasecond.光以每秒30萬千米的速度行駛。2.表示過去某個時間里發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)要想到用一般過去時。yesterday,lastweek,twodaysago,theotherday,in1998,時間段+later等時間狀語是標志詞?！鵚henIwasatschool,IoftenwenttothecinemaonSundays.我在學校時星期天經(jīng)常去看電影。3.表示將來某一時刻要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)要想到用一般將來時。tomorrow,nextyear,inaweek等時間狀語是標志詞。※Whenshallweknowtheexaminationresult?我們什么時候知道考試結(jié)果?4.表示現(xiàn)在或現(xiàn)階段正在進行的動作要想到用現(xiàn)在進行時。allthetime,now,atthismoment,atpresent等時間狀語是標志詞?！鵌don’tactuallyworkhere.Iamhelpingoutuntilthenewsecretarycomes.事實上我不在這兒工作。新秘書到來前我在這兒幫忙。5.表示之前已發(fā)生或完成的動作或狀態(tài),其結(jié)果產(chǎn)生的影響現(xiàn)在還存在,或持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)要想到用現(xiàn)在完成時。since,recently,lately,already,forthelastfewyears,sofar,uptonow,duringthelast+時間段等時間狀語是標志詞。※Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinourcityinthepasttenyears.過去十年里我們城市發(fā)生了很大的變化。6.表示過去某一時間或某一動作前已完成的動作或存在的狀態(tài)要想到用過去完成時。“by,bytheendof,bythetime等后接表示過去某一時間的短語或從句”是標志詞。BythetimeJackreturnedhomefromEngland,hissonhadgraduatedfromcollege.杰克從英國回到家時,他的兒子已經(jīng)大學畢業(yè)了。技巧2分析主謂關系,判斷語態(tài)(2017·全國卷Ⅰ)Whenfatandsalt_______(remove)fromfood,thefoodtastesasifitismissingsomething.【解題步驟】①首先分析句子結(jié)構→句子缺少謂語→根據(jù)主句中的謂語動詞tastes所在的語境判斷→謂語動詞用一般現(xiàn)在時。②根據(jù)主謂關系→確定用被動語態(tài)③嘗試解答:___________areremoved【過關檢測】①(2017·全國卷Ⅲ)Sarah___________________(tell)thatshecouldbeBritain’snewsupermodel,earningamilliondollarsinthenextyear.②(2016·四川高考)Thegiantpanda_______(love)bypeoplethroughouttheworld.hasbeentold/wastoldisloved③(2016·全國卷Ⅰ)Soitwasagreathonourtobeinvitedbackstageatthenot-for-profitPandaBase,whereticketmoneyhelpspayforresearch.I___________(allow)togetupclosetothesecuteanimalsatthe600-acrecentre.wasallowed④(2016·江蘇高考)Moreefforts,asreported,___________(make)intheyearsaheadtoacceleratethesupply-sidestructuralreform.⑤(2017·衡陽一模)Harbin,thecapitalofHeilongjiangProvince,China,isgenerallyknownbecauseofitsannualHarbinInternationalIceandSnowSculptureFestivalthat____________(hold)since1985.willbemadehasbeenheld⑥(2017·衡水一模)They____________(invent)thousandsofyearsagotoofferweatherinformationforagriculturalactivities.⑦(2017·泰安一模)EvenQixi_________(refer)toasthe“ChineseValentine’sDay”nowadays.wereinventedisreferred⑧(2017·煙臺一模)TheIMABloodBank_______(set)upin1995withagoalthatnoneedypatientshouldeverdieduetolackofbloodinDehradunanditssurroundingareas.wasset⑨(2017·銀川二模)Itisabouttakingactiontoshowtheworldthattherighttoreadandwrite_______(belong)toallpeople.⑩(2017·西寧一模)Atuniversity,youwill_________(teach)bylecturersandprofessorswhoareleadingfiguresintheirstudy.belongsbetaught【技法點金】牢記常見時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)的構成各種時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)構成(以do為例)一般現(xiàn)在時am/is/aredone一般過去時was/weredone一般將來時shall/willbedone現(xiàn)在進行時am/is/arebeingdone過去進行時was/werebeingdone現(xiàn)在完成時have/hasbeendone過去完成時hadbeendone將來完成時shall/willhavebeendone技巧3熟知三原則,破解主謂一致(2017·全國卷Ⅰ)Fastfood________(be)fulloffatandsalt;byeatingmorefastfoodpeoplewillgetmoresaltandfatthantheyneedintheirdiet.【解題步驟】①分析句子結(jié)構→句子缺少謂語②不可數(shù)名詞fastfood作主語→可判斷謂語動詞用單數(shù)③嘗試解答:__is【過關檢測】①(2016·全國卷Ⅰ)Leavingthelessimportantthingsuntiltomorrow__(be)oftenacceptable.②(2017·日照一模)Thedesignontheback______(show)theyellow-eyedpenguin,oneoftheworld’srarestpenguins.isshows③(2017·濟寧一模)HavingtraveledfromChinathroughRussia,Poland,GermanyandFrancefor18days,thetrainfinallyarrivedinLondon.Insidethe68containers_____(be)householdgoods,clothing,cloth,bagsandsuitcases.were④(2017·福州一模)Inthepool,Bob,myinstructor,demandedwedowhathedid.Oneofthedrills____(be)totakeourmasksoffatthebottomofthedeepend,replacethem,andclearthemofwater.was⑤(2017·深圳二模)Inmyschooldays,Iwasashyboyandnevereventhoughtoftakingpartinanypublicspeakingevents,schoolplaysorstagecontests,soacting____(be)aremotecareerchoicethen.was【技法點金】一、主謂一致三原則1.語法一致原則主語后跟with,togetherwith,aswellas,like,but,except,alongwith,ratherthan,including,inadditionto等引起的短語時,謂語動詞的數(shù)要與前面的主語保持一致?！鵗heteacheraswellashisstudentswasveryexcited.老師和他的學生們都很興奮。2.就近一致原則(1)由or,either...or...,neither...nor...,notonly...butalso...等連接的并列主語,謂語動詞的數(shù)常與最近的主語保持一致。※Eitheryouoroneofyourstudentsistoattendthemeetingthatisduetomorrow.要么是你要么是你的一名學生應該出席明天的會議。(2)由there,here引起的主語不止一個時,謂語動詞的數(shù)通常和最鄰近的主語保持一致?！鵗herearethreebooksandapenonthedesk.桌子上有三本書和一支鋼筆。3.意義一致原則(1)由連詞and連接的并列成分指的是同一概念,兼具身份或匹配出現(xiàn)(不可分割的整體)時,謂語動詞用單數(shù)?！鵗heironandsteelindustryisveryimportanttoourlife.鋼鐵工業(yè)對我們的生活很重要。(2)“no/each/every/manya+單數(shù)名詞+and+no/each/every/manya+單數(shù)名詞”作主語時,謂語動詞用單數(shù)。※Everymanandeverywomanhasagoodreasontobeproudoftheworkdonebytheirfathers.每一個人都有很好的理由為他們的父親所從事的職業(yè)感到驕傲。(3)非謂語動詞、名詞性從句作主語時,謂語動詞一般用單數(shù)。※Whathesaidatthemeetingisveryimportantforusall.他在會議上所說的話對我們所有人來說都非常重要。二、主謂一致的3種特殊情況1.“manya/morethanone+單數(shù)名詞”作主語,謂語動詞用單數(shù)。※Manyaparenthashadtogothroughthissamepainfulprocess.很多父母都被迫經(jīng)歷了這一段相同的痛苦的過程。2.all,therest,theremaining/part...+主語,謂語動詞應根據(jù)句子所表達的單復數(shù)意義而定。※Thefirstpartofthelecturewasvividbuttheremainingwasdull.講座的前半部分很生動,但后半部分非?？菰?。3.“幾分之幾/百分之幾+of+名詞”結(jié)構作主語時,一般根據(jù)of后的名詞的單復數(shù)決定謂語動詞的單復數(shù)?！鵄boutonethirdofthebooksareworthreading.這些書中大約有1/3值得一讀。易錯點1相近時態(tài)混用①—Tom,what’swrongwithyou?You_______(ask)sixtimesabouttheproblemtoday.—Oh,Ifeelpuzzledaboutit.②(變式)—Tom,what’swrongwithyou?You_______(ask)onceagainabouttheproblemjustnow.—Oh,Istillfeltpuzzledaboutit.【點撥】一般過去時與現(xiàn)在完成時的區(qū)別(1)一般過去時僅表示過去發(fā)生的并已經(jīng)完成的動作,與現(xiàn)在沒有任何聯(lián)系;而現(xiàn)在完成時雖然動作發(fā)生在過去但對現(xiàn)在造成了影響或動作仍然在持續(xù),均與現(xiàn)在有聯(lián)系。(2)題①根據(jù)語境“問”的動作已經(jīng)發(fā)生并對現(xiàn)在造成影響,故用現(xiàn)在完成時,填haveasked。題②根據(jù)關鍵信息詞justnow(表示過去發(fā)生動作的時間狀語)和felt