【英語】高考英語閱讀理解試題(有答案和解析)及解析

【英語】高考英語閱讀理解試題(有答案和解析)及解析一、高中英語閱讀理解1．閱讀理解

Plasticsludge(污泥)andgarbageisadisasterfortheworld'soceans.Afilmcrewtraveledtheglobetodocumenttherubbish.AndJulieAndersenofthePlasticOceansFoundationsayswhatweseeisjustthetipoftheproblem.“Halfofthewasteactuallysinkstothebottom,andthatremainsonthesurfaceactuallybreaksdown.”

Thefilmmakersfoundrubbishinoceangyres,thecirculatingcurrentsthattraplargeconcentrationsofpollutionintheAtlantic,Indian,andPacifcOceans,homeofwhatsomehaveplastic.Whatwefoundwasaplasticsmogthatspreadthroughoutallthewater.Andinsomepartsoftheoceans,scientistshavefoundmoreplasticthanplant.”

Thepiecesoftheplasticgarbageinfectthefoodchain,sometimesvisibly,andmoresoatthemicroscopiclevel,wheretheplasticparticlesinteractwithotherpollutants.“Thereareheavymetals,medicines,industrialwasteinthesea,whileitactslikemagnets(磁鐵).Thesepoisonoussubstancesabsorbontheplastic,andthenwhenseafoodabsorbstheplastics,thosepoisonoussubstancesenterthefattytissues.”Tobeconsumedbyothersealifeandbypeopleatlast.

China,Indonesia,thePhilippines,ThailandandVietnamaretheworstplasticpolluters.TheUnitedStates,althoughaleaderinrecycling,isoneoftheworld's20sinceitproducesandconsumessomuchplastic.Thereareeffortsaroundtheworldtoaddresstheproblem,includingatthisnewlyopenedrecyclingcenterinLebanon(黎巴嫩).ButAndersensaysthereismorethatpeoplecando.“Cutbackonsingle-useplastics,straws,plasticcups,plasticwaterbottles,plasticbagsandfindalternativeslikereusablematerials.”Shesayshealthyoceansareessentialtooursurvival.（1）Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.

There'sallislandfullofplasticrubbishinthePacific.B.

Thebadeffectofplasticpollutioncan'tbeseenbyeyes.C.

TheUnitedStatesistheleastplasticpolluters.D.

Theplasticpollutiontooceansismoreseriousthanwhatwecansee.（2）Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”refertoinparagraph3?A.

Pollutantslikeheavymetalsandmedicines.

B.

Theplasticparticles.C.

Seafood.

D.

Fattytissues.（3）Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A.

AllAsiancountrieshavethemostseriousproblemofplasticpollution.B.

Theplasticproblemhasn'tattractedtheworld'sattention.C.

Andersenisnotsatisfiedwithwhathasbeendonetosolvetheplasticproblem,D.

Peopleshouldstopusingplasticproductsimmediately.（4）Whichmay

bethetitleofthepassage?A.

PlasticpollutionintheWorld.B.

Plasticpollution—Oceans'Disaster.C.

Waystosolvetheproblemofplasticpollutiontooceans.D.

Plasticpollutionandourhealth.【答案】（1）D（2）B（3）C（4）B【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文。主要講述了塑料污染對海洋導致的影響。（1）細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第三句：AndJulieAndersenofthePlasticOceansFoundationsayswhatweseeisjustthetipoftheproblem.可知，塑料海洋基金會的朱莉·安德森說，我們看到的只是問題的冰山一角。故可推測塑料對海洋的污染比我們所看到的更嚴重，故選D。（2）詞義猜測題。根據(jù)Thepiecesoftheplasticgarbageinfectthefoodchain，sometimesvisibly，andmoresoatthemicroscopiclevel，wheretheplasticparticlesinteractwithotherpollutants."Thereareheavymetals，medicines，industrialwasteinthesea，whileitactslikemagnets（磁鐵）.可知，塑料垃圾碎片在微觀層面感染食物鏈，有時是明顯的，塑料顆粒與其他污染物相互作用.海洋中有重金屬，藥物，工業(yè)廢物，使其像磁鐵一樣.it指代的是塑料顆粒。故選B。（3）推理判斷題。根據(jù)ButAndersensaysthereismorethatpeoplecando."Cutbackonsingle-useplastics，straws，plasticcups，plasticwaterbottles，plasticbagsandfindalternativeslikereusablematerials."Shesayshealthyoceansareessentialtooursurvival.可知，安德森說人們還可以做更多事情來預防污染，可推測出安德森對于目前解決塑料問題所做的工作不滿意。故選C。（4）主旨大意題。閱讀全文，根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容可知，本文主要講述了塑料污染海洋災害。故選B?！军c評】本題考點涉及細節(jié)理解，詞義猜測，推理判斷和主旨大意四個題型的考查，是一篇說明類閱讀，要求考生先從問題中抓住關(guān)鍵性詞語（題眼），然后以此為線索，運用略讀及查讀的技巧快速在文章中尋找與此問題相關(guān)的：段落、語句，仔細品味，同時根據(jù)上下文進行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。2．閱讀理解

Moreandmorecommentssectionsarebeingshutdownonline.

AutumnPhillipshadhadenough.OnAug.19,theexecutiveeditoroftheQuad-CityTimesinIowa,andIllinois,USvisitedherwebsite,,andsawastoryaboutamanwhohadbeenshottodeath.Whenshegottothereaders'commentssectionsattheend,shewasshockedbywhatshesaw.Belowthestorywasagrowingnumberofcomments—aracistremarkaboutdemocraticvotes,anegativecommentaboutpolice…SoPhillipsdecidedtodosomethingshehadbeenthinkingaboutforalongtime:sheshutdownthecommentssections.

Phillipswasnotaloneinmakingsuchamove.Lastweek,NPRannouncedktoowasclosingitsonlinecommentssections.Thedecisionsdon'tmeanthatthenewsoutletsarenolongerinterestedinwhattheiraudiencesarethinking.Bothstressedtheireagernesstohearfromreadersandlistenersonsocialnetworks.Butbothagreedthatcommentshaddeviatedfromtheiroriginalintention.Andsotheyhad.

Inearlydaysofdigitaljournalism,commentswereseenasakeypartofthisnewmedia,awonderfulopportunityforstrengtheningthedialoguebetweennewsproducersandtheiraudiences.Itwasawelcomechange,giventhatforlongmanynewsorganizationswerefartooseparatedfromtheirreaders.Muchmorebackandforthconversationseemedlikehealthyandwelcomeevolution.Sadly,that'snotthewaythingsturnedout.Ratherthanaplaceforexchangingideas,commentssectionsbecamethehomeofuglyname-calling,racismandanti-womenlanguage.Besidestheirpoisonousquality,commentsseemoutofplacetoday.

"Sincewemadetheannouncement,I'vereceivedanoutpouringofresponsesfromourreaders,"shesays."I'veheardfromparentswhosechildrenwerehurtbyouronlinecomments.I'veheardfrompeoplewhosaidtheywouldn'tsendinletterstotheeditorbecausetheywereattackedsofiercelybycomments,andwasn'tworthit."（1）WhydidAutumnPhillipsshutdownthecommentssections?A.

Theywereputtowronguse.

B.

Herwebsitewasattackedheavily.C.

Theyexposedmanyillegalissues.

D.

Shewasangryaboutreaders'comments.（2）WhatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinParagraph3indicateaboutcomments?A.

Theywereoutofdate.

B.

Theyhadgoneagainsttheiroriginalintentions.C.

Theywerefullofsensitiveinformation.

D.

Theycouldn'tinteresttheaudience.（3）Whatwasthewelcomechangeintheearlydigitaljournalism?A.

Readers,havingmoreaccesstonews.

B.

Readers'makinglessnegativecomments.C.

Readers'freedomtoexpresstheirthoughts.

D.

Readers'activeinvolvementinthenewsindustry.（4）HowdomanyreadersfeelaboutAutumnPhillips,moveaccordingtothelastparagraph?A.

Cautious.

B.

Hopeful.

C.

Surprised.

D.

Supportive.【答案】（1）A（2）B（3）D（4）D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇議論文，越來越多的在線評論被關(guān)閉了。雖然在數(shù)字新聞業(yè)的早期，在線評論被視為新媒體的重要組成部分，是加強新聞生產(chǎn)者與受眾之間對話的絕佳機會；但事實上評論區(qū)不是一個交流思想的地方，里面充滿了各種負面的消息。（1）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第二段中的“Whenshegottothereaders'commentssectionsattheend,shewasshockedbywhatshesaw.Belowthestorywasagrowingnumberofcomments—aracistremarkaboutdemocraticvotes,anegativecommentaboutpolice…SoPhillipsdecidedtodosomethingshehadbeenthinkingaboutforalongtime:sheshutdownthecommentssections.”可知，AutumnPhillips關(guān)閉了評論部分是因為他們被錯誤地使用了。故選A。（2）考查詞義猜測。根據(jù)第三段中的“Thedecisionsdon'tmeanthatthenewsoutletsarenolongerinterestedinwhattheiraudiencesarethinking.Bothstressedtheireagernesstohearfromreadersandlistenersonsocialnetworks.Butbothagreedthatcommentshaddeviatedfromtheiroriginalintention.”這些決定并不意味著新聞媒體不再對他們的聽眾的想法感興趣。兩人都強調(diào)，他們渴望在社交網(wǎng)絡上聽到讀者和聽眾的聲音。但雙方都認為，評論偏離了他們最初的意圖。由此推知劃線句子的意思是“他們違背了他們最初的意圖?！惫蔬xB。（3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第四段中的“Inearlydaysofdigitaljournalism,commentswereseenasakeypartofthisnewmedia,awonderfulopportunityforstrengtheningthedialoguebetweennewsproducersandtheiraudiences.Itwasawelcomechange,giventhatforlongmanynewsorganizationswerefartooseparatedfromtheirreaders.”可知，在早期的數(shù)字新聞中，讀者積極參與新聞行業(yè)是受歡迎的改變。故選D。（4）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的“I'veheardfromparentswhosechildrenwerehurtbyouronlinecomments.I'veheardfrompeoplewhosaidtheywouldn'tsendinletterstotheeditorbecausetheywereattackedsofiercelybycomments,andwasn'tworthit.”可知，根據(jù)最后一段許多讀者對AutumnPhillips是支持的。故選D?！军c評】本題考點涉及詞義猜測和推理判斷兩個題型的考查，是一篇社會類閱讀，考生需要根據(jù)上下文進行邏輯推理，從而選出正確答案。3．閱讀理解

Asthedaysgetshorterandthechillyweatherrollsin,weallwanttocurlupinablanketandhibernateuntilspringrollsaround.Butmakingtimetogetoutsideinthesun,evenwhenit'scoldout,couldhavebiggermoodbenefitsthanyoumightrealize.

Whilethelinkbetweensunshineandmentalhealthisnothingnew,newresearchfromBrighamYoungUniversity(BYU)hasshownthattheassociationmaybeevenstrongerthanpreviouslyrealized.Itfindsthatsunlightexposureisbyfarthegreatestweather-relatedfactordeterminingmentalhealthoutcomes.Inotherwords:moresunshine,morehappiness.

Forthestudy,apsychologist,aphysicistandastatisticianfromBYUteameduptocomparedailyenvironmentaldatafromtheuniversity'sPhysicsandAstronomyWeatherStationwithemotionalhealthdataarchivedbydayfor16,452adulttherapypatientswhowerebeingtreatedattheBYUCounselingandPsychologicalServicesCenter.

Exposuretosunlightisasignificantfactorinseasonalaffectivedisorder.Researchhasshownthatthebrainproducesmoreofthefeel-goodneurotransmitterserotoninonsunnydaysthanitdoesondarkerdays.What'smore,lackofsunlightislinkedwithlowervitaminDlevels,whichinturnhasbeencorrelatedwithdepressionandlowenergy.

Ifyou'regettingenoughsun,youremotionsshouldremainrelativelystable,theresearchersfound.Butastheamountofsunlightinthedayisreduced,levelsofemotionalpaincansoar.Otherweathervariablesincludingtemperature,pollutionandrainwerenotfoundtohaveanimpactonmentalhealth.

"Weweresurprisedthatmanyoftheweatherandpollutionvariablesweincludedinthestudywerenotsignificantlycorrelatedwithclients'scoresonthedistressmeasureoncewehadaccountedforsuntime,"Dr.MarkBeecher,aprofessorofpsychologyattheuniversityandthestudy'sleadauthor,toldTheHuffingtonPost."Peopletendtoassociaterainydays,pollution,andothermeteorologicalphenomenawithsadnessordepression,butwedidnotfindthat."（1）WhatdoestheauthorsuggestwedoinParagraph1?A.Realizedthebenefitsofsunshine.B.Avoidhibernatinginspringtime.C.Curlupinablanketincoldweather.D.Enjoysunshineevenincoldweather.（2）Theunderlinedword"soar"inParagraph5mostprobablymeans"

"?A.Risesharply.B.Varyunstably.C.Dropslightly.D.Changegreatly.（3）WhatdoesthepassagesayabouttheresearchdonebyBYU?A.Itisdoneonnormaladultsofvariousages.B.ItiscarriedoutbyDrMarkBeecheralone.C.Itconcludesthesunshinemeanshappiness.D.Itfindsthattemperatureaffectsmentalhealth.（4）Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A.LowervitaminDlevelsarehelpfulinkeepingusenergeticB.Theresearchfindingsareinconsistentwiththepopularbelief.C.Themoresunshineweget,thelessexcitedwearelikelytofeel.D.Thelinkbetweensunshineandmentalhealthwasunknownbefore.【答案】（1）D（2）A（3）C（4）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，研究表明：陽光照射是影響心理健康結(jié)果的最重要的天氣因素。換句話說：陽光越多，幸福越多。（1）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段中的“Butmakingtimetogetoutsideinthesun,evenwhenit'scoldout,couldhavebiggermoodbenefitsthanyoumightrealize”花時間曬太陽，甚至當外面很冷的時候也要這樣做，這可能對你的情緒有很大好處?？芍髡呓ㄗh我們曬太陽，哪怕天氣很冷。故選D。（2）考查詞義猜測。根據(jù)第五段中的“Ifyou'regettingenoughsun,youremotionsshouldremainrelativelystable,theresearchersfound.Butastheamountofsunlightinthedayisreduced,levelsofemotionalpaincansoar.”如果你獲得足夠的陽光，你的情緒應該會保持相對地穩(wěn)定?？梢酝浦敼庹樟繙p少的時候，人們的情緒就不會那么穩(wěn)定，痛苦情緒就會增加。故選A。（3）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的“Itfindsthatsunlightexposureisbyfarthegreatestweather-relatedfactordeterminingmentalhealthoutcomes.Inotherwords:moresunshine,morehappiness.”研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，陽光照射是影響心理健康結(jié)果最重要的天氣因素。換句話說：陽光越多，越快樂。故選C。（4）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Peopletendtoassociaterainydays,pollution,andothermeteorologicalphenomenawithsadnessordepression,butwedidnotfindthat”人們傾向于將雨天、污染和其他氣象現(xiàn)象與悲傷或抑郁聯(lián)系起來，但我們的研究沒有發(fā)現(xiàn)這一點?？芍?，BYU的研究結(jié)果和大眾的看法不一致。故選B。【點評】本題考點涉及細節(jié)理解，詞義猜測和推理判斷三個題型的考查，是一篇科研類閱讀，考生需要準確捕捉細節(jié)信息，同時根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進行分析，推理，從而選出正確答案。4．閱讀理解

MicheleGentile,anItalianbookseller,isofferingfreebookstochildreninexchangeforplasticbottlestorecycle.

MicheleownsExLibrisCafeinPolla,asmalltowninsouthernItaly.Hesaidhethoughtoftherecyclingprogrambecausehewantedtoinspirechildreninthesmalltowntoreadandpayattentiontotheenvironment.

"Mygoalist0spreadthepassionandloveforbooksamongthosepeopleinItalywhodonotusuallyreadwhileatthetimehelpingtheenvironment,"Gentileexplained.

Theideafortheinitiative(倡議)cameafterGentilecollaboratedwithanearbymiddleschoolonanaluminumrecyclingproject.Workingtogether,theschoolchildrenandGentilecollectedenoughcanstopurchasebooksforanentireclassroom.HisnewprogramtooofffromthereandhasalreadyspreadintonorthernItaly:Gentile'shopeshisworkwillcontinuetomakeheadlinesandbecomeaworldwideinitiative.

ThefreebookscomefromcustomersinGentile'sshopwhohavedonatedmoneytopurchasea"suspended"book.TheideacomesfromaWorldWarIIpracticeinwhichcustomerswouldbuytwoCoffees:oneforthemselvesandanotherforthenextpersoninline.Gentilehasbeenusingtheextrabooksaspartofhisrecyclinginitiative,

WhileGentile'sprogramisagreatwaytorecycleandgetkidstoread,italsobringsawarenesstothegrowingproblemofplasticwaste.Single-useplasticsmakeuparound26percentofalltheplasticsintheworld,only14percentofwhicharerecycled.Plasticsthatendupinlandfillstakearound500yearstodecompose(分解),isamajorconcernforenvironmentalists.

Cuttingdownonplasticwasteisimportantifwewanttobettertheenvironmentforfuturegenerations,andrecyclingprogramslikeGentile'sbookgiveawayareagreatwaytomeetthatgoal.（1）WhatisthepurposeofGentile'sbookgiveaway?A.Tosellmorecoffeeandbooks.B.Toattractmorecustomers.C.Tocollectmoneyforanewproject.D.Toinspirereadingandrecycling.（2）HowdidGentilecomeupwiththeidea?A.Workingwithaschooltorecyclecans.B.Seeingschoolkidsdon'tlikereading.C.Donatingbooksforalocalschool.D.Buyinga“suspended”bookforachild.（3）Whopayforthebooksoftheproject?A.Thelocalgovernment.B.Gentilehimself.C.Somepublishers.D.Hiscustomers.（4）Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A.AnItalian'sReadingInitiativeB.RecyclingCanGetKidsFreeBooksC.Michele'sWayofDoingBusinessD.ANewWaytoDealwithPlasticWaste【答案】（1）D（2）A（3）D（4）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇記敘文，意大利書商MicheleGentile發(fā)起了一項“拿瓶換書”的活動，只要孩子們拿一個塑料瓶和一個鋁罐就可以跟他換一本書，以此來鼓勵孩子們閱讀和環(huán)保。（1）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的“Hesaidhethoughtoftherecyclingprogram,becausehewantedtoinspirechildreninthesmalltowntoreadandpayattentiontotheenvironment.”他說他想到了環(huán)保的項目，他想啟發(fā)和鼓勵這個小鎮(zhèn)的孩子們閱讀和關(guān)注環(huán)保)可知，Michele的目的是鼓勵和啟發(fā)孩子們閱讀和環(huán)保。故選D。（2）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第四段中的“Theideafortheinitiative(倡議)cameafterGentilecollaboratedwithanearbymiddle

schoolonanaluminumrecyclingproject.”這個倡議的想法是在和附近的一個中學合作鋁回收項目之后產(chǎn)生的，可知，和一所中學合作鋁回收的項目讓Michele有了這個想法。故選A。（3）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第五段中的“ThefreebookscomefromcustomersinGentile'sshopwhohavedonatedmoneytopurchasea''suspended"book.”這些免費圖書來自于Gentile書店的顧客，他們捐錢買了一本“暫停使用”的書，可知，書店的顧客為圖書付了錢。故選D。（4）考查主旨大意。根據(jù)第一段中的“MicheleGentile,anItalianbookseller,isofferingfreebookstochildreninexchangeforplasticbottlestorecycle.”一位名叫MicheleGentile的書商正在為孩子們提供可回收的塑料瓶可以換得的免費書籍，可知，本文主要講述MicheleGentile讓孩子通過可回收利用的塑料瓶來換免費書籍的故事。故選B。【點評】本題考點涉及細節(jié)理解和主旨大意兩個題型的考查，是一篇故事類閱讀，考生需要準確掌握細節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進行概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。5．閱讀理解

Eleven-year-oldRubyKateChitseylovesaskingthequestion"Ifyoucouldhaveanythreethings,whatwouldyouwant?"atnursinghomesinHarrison.Evenmoreamazing,shethensetsouttomaketheresidentswholiveinthenursinghomerealizetheirdreams.

LastMay,RubyKatenoticedaresidentnamedPearlstaringoutawindow.Sheseemedsad."Whatareyoulookingat?"RubyKateasked.Pearlsaidherdogwasledawaybyhisnewownerbecauseshecouldn'taffordtoraiseit.RubyKateandhermother,Amanda,askedaroundanddiscoveredthatmanynursinghomeresidentsareunabletoaffordeventhesmallestluxuries.SoRubyKatedecidedtodosomethingaboutit.

Shestartedbyaskingresidentswhatthreethingstheywantedmostintheworld.Amandaworriedthatpeoplewouldaskforcarsandotherthingsan11-year-oldwouldn'tbeabletoprovide.Instead,theyaskedforchocolatebars,McDonaldfries,pantsthatftproperlyandevenjustprayer.Usingheirownmoney,theChitseysgrantedthewishesofabout100peopleinthreemonths.Thentheystartedaskingfordonations.

ThegoodpeopleofHarrisonrespondedenthusiastically,somuchsohatAmandasetupaGoFundMepage,ThreeWishesforRuby'sResidents,hopingtocollect%5,000.Theyhittheirgoalinamonth.AfterGoFundMenamedRubyKateaKidHeroandpromotedherstoryinternationallythispastJanuary,ThreeWishesraised$20,000in24hoursandmorethan$250,000infivemonths.

Earlierthisyear,ThreeWishesforRuby'sResidentsbecameanonprofitandlauncheditsfirstnationwidechapters.RubyKatedoesn'tplantostopthere."Iconsiderkindnesstobemyhobby,"shesays,"andI'mverygoodatit."（1）WhatinspiredRubyKatetohelpresidentsatnursinghomes?A.Pearl'ssadnessformissingherdog.B.Thekindnessofresidentsatnursinghomes.C.Manynursinghomeresidents'lackofluxuries.D.Herexperienceofworkinginanursinghome.（2）Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.ThreeWisheshassetupitsworldwidebranches.B.TheChitseyshelpedsatisfytheresidents'wishes.C.ThenursinghomeintroducedRuby'sstoryaroundtheworld.D.TheChitseysarewealthyenoughtoaffordallresidents'wishes.（3）WhatdothenumberslistedinParagraph4indicate?A.Peopleweresupportive.B.RubyKatewasgenerous.C.Raisingmoneywasquiteeasy.D.Theprogrammewasprofitable.（4）WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeRubyKate?A.Proudandenthusiastic.B.Creativeandimaginative.C.Warm-heartedandselfless.D.Ambitiousandmodest.【答案】（1）C（2）B（3）A（4）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇記敘文，講述了魯比?凱特幫助養(yǎng)老院的居民實現(xiàn)他們的愿望，得到了許多同樣好心的人的支持的故事。（1）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)二段中的“Amanda,askedaroundanddiscoveredthatmanynursinghomeresidentsareunabletoaffordeventhesmallestluxuries.SoRubyKatedecidedtodosomethingaboutit.”可知阿曼達四處打聽，發(fā)現(xiàn)許多養(yǎng)老院的居民連最小的奢侈品都買不起，于是露比?凱特決定做點什么。即許多療養(yǎng)院居民缺乏奢侈品激發(fā)了魯比?凱特幫助療養(yǎng)院的居民。故選C。（2）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的“Usingheirownmoney,theChitseysgrantedthewishesofabout100peopleinthreemonths.”用他們自己的錢，奇西夫婦在三個月內(nèi)答應了大約100人的愿望?？芍嫖鞣驄D幫助滿足了居民的愿望。故選B。（3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第四段中的“AfterGoFundMenamedRubyKateaKidHeroandpromotedherstoryinternationallythispastJanuary,ThreeWishesraised﹩20,000in24hoursandmorethan﹩250,000infivemonths.”可知在GoFundMe將魯比?凱特命名為“兒童英雄“之后，今年1月，她在國際上推廣了她的故事，三個愿望在24小時內(nèi)籌集了20000美元，在五個月內(nèi)籌集了超過250000美元。從這些數(shù)據(jù)可以看出人們都很支持。故選A。（4）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段“‘Iconsiderkindnesstobemyhobby,’shesays,‘a(chǎn)ndI'mverygoodatit.’”可知我把善良當成我的愛好，她說，而且我很在行。由此判斷出魯比?凱特是熱心且無私的。故選C?！军c評】本題考點涉及細節(jié)理解和推理判斷兩個題型的考查，是一篇故事類閱讀，考生需要準確掌握細節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文進行邏輯推理，從而選出正確答案。6．閱讀理解

Yearsago,studentsapplyingtocollegesanduniversitieshadtohavetheirapplicationsandpersonalessaysprintedoutandthen“snail-mailed”.Flashforwardtotoday'sworldofFacebook,InstagramandWeChat,wherephotos,videosandmobilephonesrule.Fortunately,severalnewtoolsaremakingiteasierforcollegeapplicantstousetechnologytoshowofftheirpersonalities,skillsandcreativity.

ZEEMEE

OneofthemorepopularinnovationsincollegeapplicationsisZeeMee,afreemobileappthatallowsstudentstouploadpersonalprofilesandvideostocreatevisualresumes.Morethan220collegesanduniversitiesofferaZeeMeeoptionaspartoftheapplicationprocess.Thevideocanshowtheuniquecreativeaspectsoftheapplicants.THECOALITIONLOCKER

AnotherrelativelynewtoolcomesfromtheCoalitionforAccess,AffordabilityandSuccess,nowusedbymorethan110membercollegesanduniversities.Amongthegroup'sstatedgoalsaregettingstudentsengagedincollegeprepearlyandusingtechnologytocreateasupportiveapplicationprocessthatencouragesreflectionandself-discovery.

Studentswhosignupforthefreeplatformgetaccesstoadigital“l(fā)ocker”,whichtheycanuseallthroughhighschooltosaveclasspapers,artwork,newspaperstories,videosandphotostosharewithcollegeswhentheyeventuallyapply.

VIDEO—CHATINTERVIEWS

Atsomeschools,aninterviewwithanadmissionofficerisanimportantpartoftheapplicationprocess.Tomakeiteasier,severalvirtualinterviewingtoolshavepoppedup,suchasavideo-basedplatformfromKira.Morethan140universitiesworldwideuseKira'svideoassessmenttooltoconductreal-timeinterviewswithprospectivestudents.Duringtheinterview,candidatesareshownthequestionsprerecordedbytheparticularschoolandmustrespondinrealtimebytalkingintothecameraontheirlaptoporphone.Inadditiontoshowingtheirability,tospeakfluentlyinEnglishandthinkontheirfeet,ithelpsadmissionofficersdeterminethe“motivation,commitmentanddrive”ofapplicants.

UNIQUESCHOOLTOOLS

Someuniversitieshavecomeupwiththeirownwaystoallowstudentstoshowtheirskillsandpersonalities.Forexample,theMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology,encouragesapplicantstodisplaytheirtechnicalabilitiesandcreativitybysubmittinga“MakerPortfolio”—awrittenorvideotapeddescriptionofaprojectthatshowscreativeandproblem-solvingskills.Whileanewappwouldfitthebill,theprojectcouldbeanythingfromanorigamidesigntoapotatocannon.（1）Whichoftheappsgivestudentsmoreguidancefromtheirhighschool?A.

ZEEMEE.

B.

THECOALITIONLOCKER.C.

VIDEO—CHATINTERVIEWS.

D.

UNIQUESCHOOLTOOLS.（2）Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”inthefourthpartofthepassagereferto?A.

Thevideointerview.

B.

Thedescription.

C.

Theapplication.

D.

Thestudent'sability.（3）Whatisthecommonfeaturerequiredbycollegesanduniversitiesaccordingtothepassage?A.

Creativity.

B.

Braveness.

C.

Willingnesstoshare.

D.

Technicalability.【答案】（1）B（2）C（3）A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，在今天的Facebook、Instagram和微信的世界里，照片、視頻和手機盛行的同時，一些新工具讓大學申請者更容易使用技術(shù)來展示他們的個性、技能和創(chuàng)造力。(1)考查推理判斷。根據(jù)THECOALITIONLOCKER部分中的“Studentswhosignupforthefreeplatformgetaccesstoadigital‘locker’,whichtheycanuseallthroughhighschooltosaveclasspapers,artwork,newspaperstories,videosandphotostosharewithcollegeswhentheyeventuallyapply.”可知，THECOALITIONLOCKER.能讓學生從高中獲得更多的指導。故選B。(2)考查代詞指代。根據(jù)VIDEO—CHATINTERVIEWS部分中的“Atsomeschools,aninterviewwithanadmissionofficerisanimportantpartoftheapplicationprocess.”在一些學校，對招生人員的面試是申請過程的重要組成部分；以及“Inadditiontoshowingtheirability,tospeakfluentlyinEnglishandthinkontheirfeet,ithelpsadmissionofficersdeterminethe‘motivation,commitmentanddrive’ofapplicants.“除了展示他們的能力，為了流利地說英語和快速反應，它還能幫助招生人員決定申請者的“動機、承諾和動力”。由此可知it指的是“theapplication”，故選C。(3)考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段中的“Fortunately,severalnewtoolsaremakingiteasierforcollegeapplicantstousetechnologytoshowofftheirpersonalities,skillsandcreativity.”可知，根據(jù)文章的內(nèi)容，創(chuàng)造力是學院和大學的共同特征。故選A?！军c評】本題考點涉及推理判斷和代詞指代兩個題型的考查，是一篇科普類閱讀，要求考根據(jù)上下文進行邏輯推理，選出正確答案。7．閱讀理解

Summerisapproachingandthefollowingbookscanaccompanyyouduringthehotseason.◆AndThenComesSummerbyTomBrenner

Thesmelloffresh-cutgrass.Thecoldnessoficecreamonyourtongue.Thesoundofcrickets(蟋蟀)atnight,Thisromanticfeastforsensesisasmuchacelebrationoftheseasonasitisasummerbucketlist!Attractiveillustrations(插圖)anddescriptivetextwarmyourheartandinspiredplaylikeneverbefore.AvailablefromAmazon.$11.28◆ThreeLittleWordsbyAmyNovesky

Dery's“Justkeepswimming!”messageofperseveranceisperfectforanyonewhohaseverfeltliketheyweredrowning.FollowDoryanunforgettableadventureasshefindsherwayinthisbeautifulwatercoloradventureoffriendshipandsurvival.AvailablefromAmazon.$1206◆ThereMightbeLobstersbyCarolynCrimi

MeetSuki.She'sasmalldogwithabigfearofthebeach.Whenarescueisinorder,Sukisavesthattheday,provingthatthere'snothingtofearbutfearitself.Quitepossiblytheperfectpicturebookforanxiouskidsfearfultotrynewexperiences,thistimelesstreasureopensthedoortocalmingdialoguesandmessagesofbraveryandvictory.AvailablefromAmazon.$11.84◆JabariJumpsbyGaiaCornwall

Youknowthatfeelingwhenyou'reasexcitedasyouarescaredtomakealeap?That'showJabarifeelsabouthisfirstjumpoffthedivingboard.Heknowshowtoswim.Heknowsjumpingoffsurelooksfun.Butdoeshehavewhatittakestotakeatry?Withsomegentleencouragementfromhislovingfather,Jabarijumps.AvailablefromAmazon.$11.26（1）WhatcanyouenjoyinthebookAndThenComesSummer?A.

Swimmingskills.

B.

Funofsummer.

C.

Artexhibition.

D.

Alovelydog.（2）WhatdoThereMightbeLobstersandJabariJumpshaveincommon?A.

Theyhavethesameprices.

B.

Theircharactersdothesamesports.C.

Theycanbeboughtindifferentplaces.

D.

Theircharacterssucceedinriddingfear.（3）Whichbookdescribestheexperienceoflearningtoswim?A.

AndThenComesSummer

B.

ThereMightbeLobstersC.

ThreeLittleWords

D.

JabariJumps【答案】（1）B（2）D（3）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇應用文，介紹了幾本可以在炎熱的季節(jié)陪伴你的書。(1)考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)AndThenComesSummer部分中的“Thesmelloffresh-cutgrass.Thecoldnessoficecreamonyourtongue.Thesoundofcrickets(蟋蟀)atnight,Thisromanticfeastforsensesisasmuchacelebrationoftheseasonasitisasummerbucketlist!”這些對夏天事物和樂趣的描寫可知從這本書中我們可以享受到夏天的樂趣，故選B。(2)