第一部分語法精講精練第八節(jié)動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)

第一部分語法精講精練第八節(jié) 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)01中考導(dǎo)航02考點(diǎn)突破03課堂小測(cè)04中考模擬演練目錄導(dǎo)航中考導(dǎo)航考點(diǎn)廣東省卷近五年中考統(tǒng)計(jì)高頻考點(diǎn)201420152016201720181.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)√★☆☆2.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)√★☆☆3.一般過去時(shí)√★☆☆4.一般將來時(shí)√★☆☆5.過去進(jìn)行時(shí)√√★★☆6.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)√√√√√★★★考情分析：從近五年考查情況來看，動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)是非常重要的考點(diǎn)，每年均考查2題以上，其中現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)是每年的必考點(diǎn)。2019年備考時(shí)要熟練掌握考綱中要求的6種動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)的相關(guān)知識(shí)，對(duì)每種時(shí)態(tài)都要進(jìn)行適量的練習(xí)來鞏固和掌握?？键c(diǎn)突破現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)(★☆☆)1．現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的構(gòu)成為：主語＋be動(dòng)詞(am/is/are)＋動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞。動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞和動(dòng)名詞的變化規(guī)則如下表：構(gòu)成方法例子一般在詞尾加ingwork—working;study—studying以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，需要去掉e后再加ingcome—coming;take—taking構(gòu)成方法例子以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾且末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母時(shí)，要雙寫這個(gè)輔音字母，再加ingstop—stopping;swim—swimming少數(shù)幾個(gè)以ie結(jié)尾的單音節(jié)動(dòng)詞，須變ie為y后，再加ingdie—dying;

tie—tying;lie—lying2.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法(2015、2011年考)(1)表示此時(shí)此刻正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。如：現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)構(gòu)成口訣主語在句首，am，is，are跟在后，現(xiàn)在分詞跟著走，其他成分不可丟。表示動(dòng)作正進(jìn)行，句中now時(shí)間定。一般問句，把be提到主語前去。否定句式也簡(jiǎn)單，be后只把not添?！猈hat

are

you

doing?你在干什么？—I'mreading

English.我在讀英語。表示現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。如：

Theyarestudying

hard

thisterm.他們這個(gè)學(xué)期學(xué)習(xí)一直很努力。come，go，leave，arrive，start等動(dòng)詞用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來。如：Thebusiscomingsoon.車不久就會(huì)來了。(4)在由while(當(dāng)……時(shí)候)引導(dǎo)的狀語從句中，動(dòng)詞通常要用進(jìn)行時(shí)。如：Whileyouaresittingonthegrass,I'llreadyouthenovel.當(dāng)你坐在草地上時(shí)，我會(huì)給你讀小說。( )1.(2015廣東)Don't

disturb

Allen

now.He

forthe

Spelling

Bee

competition.A.prepares

B．prepared C．is

preparing D．will

prepare(

)2.(2011廣東)—Alan,

it'slate.Why

notgo

tobed?—Jennyhasn'tcomebackyet.I

forher.A.waited B．havewaitedC．a(chǎn)m

waiting D．was

waiting母題訓(xùn)練CC( )3.(2008廣東)—Jackson,Ihaven'tseenyouthesedays.—I

forthecomingEnglishtest.A．a(chǎn)m

preparingC．prepareB．willprepareD．have

prepared母題訓(xùn)練A( )4.Bequiet!Thestudents

aphysicstestinthenextroom.A.hadB．have

had C．were

having D．a(chǎn)rehavingA．ringsC．rangB．is

ringingD．will

ring(

B

)5.Listen!Thephone

.Pleasegotoanswerit.中考預(yù)測(cè)D( )6.—Where's

your

mother,

Jack?—She'sgoneto

the

supermarket.I

think

she

now.A．shopsC．shoppedB．willshopD．is

shopping中考預(yù)測(cè)D一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)(★☆☆)1．一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的構(gòu)成一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)主要用動(dòng)詞原形表示，如果主語是第三人稱單數(shù)則在動(dòng)詞原形后加s或es。動(dòng)詞第三人稱單數(shù)的構(gòu)成方式如下：構(gòu)成方法例子一般在詞尾加swork—works;

spend—spends在以s,

x,

ch,

sh等字母結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞之后加espass—passes;

wash—washes;teach—teaches；mix—mixes不發(fā)音e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞只在e后加swrite—writes;

ride—rides構(gòu)成方法例子以輔音字母＋y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，變y為i，再加esstudy—studies;

try—tries以o結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，在詞尾加esdo—does;

go—goes2.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的用法(2013、2010年考)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)用法口訣用好一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，時(shí)間狀語需牢記。基本用法要記清，動(dòng)作習(xí)慣經(jīng)常性?？陀^真理和能力，有時(shí)還表將來時(shí)。謂語若為行為動(dòng)，形式要由主語定：主語人稱是三單，動(dòng)詞要把s/es添。句中若把助詞用，謂語動(dòng)詞用原形。(1)表示經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，常與often,always,

usually,sometimes,

once

a

week,

every

day等表示頻率的副詞或時(shí)間狀語連用。如：Ioftengotoschoolbybike.我經(jīng)常騎車去上學(xué)。表示客觀事實(shí)或普遍真理。如：The

earth

goes

around

the

sun.地球繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn)。在時(shí)間、條件等狀語從句中，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來。如：Ifitrainstomorrow,we

won'tgotothepark.如果明天下雨，我們將不去公園。WhenIgrowup,Iwillgoto

America.當(dāng)我長(zhǎng)大后，我將去美國(guó)。( )1.(2013廣東)IfNancy

theexam，shewillgotoAustralia

for

English

study.A．pass

B．passed

C．passes D．will

pass( )2.(2010廣東)TheGreens

will

visitHainan

assoon

asthey

to

China.A．

comes

B．comeC．cameD．will

come母題訓(xùn)練CBA．

will

come;

isC．comes;

isB．will

come;

willbeD．comes;

will

be中考預(yù)測(cè)(

A

)3.—I

don't

know

if

Mr.Li

to

the

party

thisevening.—Ithinkhewill

comeifhe

free.( )4.Nowmyfather

hisbiketoworkeverydayinsteadofdriving.A．

ride

B．RodeC．ridesD．will

ride中考預(yù)測(cè)C一般過去時(shí)(★☆☆)1．一般過去時(shí)的構(gòu)成一般過去時(shí)用動(dòng)詞的過去式表示，即：主語＋動(dòng)詞的過去式。動(dòng)詞過去式和過去分詞的變化分為規(guī)則和不規(guī)則兩種。下表是動(dòng)詞的過去式和過去分詞的變化規(guī)則：構(gòu)成方法例子一般動(dòng)詞后加edwork—worked;

walk—walked詞尾為e的單詞，直接加darrive—arrived;

love—loved輔音字母＋y結(jié)尾的詞，變y為i，再加edstudy—studied;

worry—worried重讀閉音節(jié)，且只有一個(gè)輔音字母結(jié)尾的單詞，雙寫輔音字母再加edstop—stopped;

drop—dropped2.一般過去時(shí)的用法(2017,2011年考)一般過去時(shí)用法口訣動(dòng)詞一般過去時(shí)，表示過去發(fā)生事。

句中謂語用過去式，過去時(shí)間作標(biāo)記。否定句，很簡(jiǎn)單，主語之后didn't添。疑問構(gòu)成也有法，主語前面did加。還有一點(diǎn)不能忘，后面的動(dòng)詞要還原。(1)表示過去某時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。常與lastnight,yesterday,last

week,

some

years

ago,

in

1995,

in

the

past,the

other

day,at

that

time,

just

now等表示過去的時(shí)間狀語連用。如：Igotupatsixthismorning.今天早上我6點(diǎn)起床。表示過去的習(xí)慣或經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。如：When

Iwasin

the

countryside,

Ioftenswamin

the

river.我在鄉(xiāng)下時(shí)，常常在河里游泳。用于since引導(dǎo)的從句。主句的謂語動(dòng)詞如果用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，since引導(dǎo)的從句要用一般過去時(shí)。如：He

has

worked

in

the

factory

since

it

opened

in

1990.自從1990年這家工廠開辦以來，他就在這里工作。

You

haven't

changed

much

since

we

last

met.自從我上一次見到你以來，你沒有大的變化。A．has

taught;

has

comeC．taught;cameB．taught;

comesD．has

taught;

came母題訓(xùn)練(

B

)1.(2017廣東)Suewasn't

happybecause

she

theconcert

givenbyherfavoritesinger.A．misses

B．missed C．will

miss D．ismissing(

D

)2.(2011廣東)Our

math

teacher

in

our

school

for20yearsandhe

herewhenhewas23yearsold.( )3.—Wheredidyougolastweekend?—I

to

the

Great

Wall.A．go

B．went C．will

go D．have

gone( )4.—You

have

found

your

lost

umbrella,

haven'tyou?—Yes.I

itbehindthedoorthisafternoon.A．have

found B．will

find

C．found

D．find中考預(yù)測(cè)BC一般將來時(shí)(★☆☆)1．一般將來時(shí)的構(gòu)成一般將來時(shí)用法口訣一般將來時(shí)，將要發(fā)生事。謂語不一般，will加動(dòng)原(動(dòng)詞原形)。要變疑問句，will放在主語前。否定句，也不難，will后面把not添。1.一般將來時(shí)的構(gòu)成一般將來時(shí)通常用“主語＋will/be

going

to＋動(dòng)詞原形”來表示，有些動(dòng)詞可以用“主語＋be

doing”形式來表示。2．一般將來時(shí)的用法(2016,2011年考)(1)表示將來發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，常與tomorrow,nextweek,inafewdays,nextSunday等表示將來的時(shí)間狀語連用。如：Will

you

be

back

in

two

days?你將在兩天后回來嗎？(2)當(dāng)主語是I或we時(shí)，問句中一般使用shall表示征求對(duì)方意見。如：Where

shall

we

meet

tomorrow?明天我們?cè)谀睦飼?huì)面？(3)be

going

to＋動(dòng)詞原形，表示計(jì)劃、打算做某事，常指已經(jīng)決定的、很可能發(fā)生的事或有某種跡象表明要發(fā)生的事。如：WhatareyougoingtodonextSunday?下周日你打算干什么？(4)be

doing有時(shí)表示即將發(fā)生或安排好要做的事情。常用這種結(jié)構(gòu)的動(dòng)詞有：go,come,leave,arrive,start,begin等。如：She

isgoingtheretomorrow.她明天要去那里。A．a(chǎn)ppearC．will

appearB．a(chǎn)ppearedD．were

appearing母題訓(xùn)練(

C

)1.(2016廣東)With

the

development

of

scienceandtechnology,

robot

cooks

in

our

families

in

the

future.A．is

fine;willrainC．will

be

fine;

willrainB．willbefine;rainsD．isfine;rains母題訓(xùn)練(

A

)2.(2011廣東)—Let's

go

fishing

if

it

thisweekend.—Butnobodyknowsifit

.( )3.—Have

you

returned

thebook

tothelibraryyet?—Notyet.Don'tworry.I

it

soon.A．return

B．returned C．have

returned D．will

return( )4.Ifthereisanychangetotheplan,I

you

assoon

as

possible.A．told B．have

toldC．tellD．willtell中考預(yù)測(cè)DD過去進(jìn)行時(shí)(★★☆)1．過去進(jìn)行時(shí)的構(gòu)成過去進(jìn)行時(shí)的構(gòu)成為：主語＋be(was/were)＋動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞。2.過去進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法(2018、2014、2012、2010年考)(1)表示在過去的某個(gè)時(shí)刻或某段時(shí)間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或

存在的狀態(tài)，常與this

timeyesterday,at

that

time,

then,

at

9：00last

Sunday

morning,

all

night等表示過去的時(shí)間狀語連用。如：—Whatwereyoudoingthistimeyesterday?昨天的這個(gè)時(shí)候你在做什么？—I

was

watching

TV.我在看電視。(2)表示一個(gè)過去的動(dòng)作發(fā)生時(shí)或發(fā)生之后，另一個(gè)過去的動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。過去進(jìn)行時(shí)也可用來表示過去一段時(shí)間內(nèi)持續(xù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。如：When

Iwaswateringthe

garden,it

beganto

rain.當(dāng)我在花園澆水時(shí)，突然下雨了。While

wewere

having

a

party,

the

lights

went

out.當(dāng)我們正舉行聚會(huì)時(shí)，燈突然滅了。(3)表示兩個(gè)過去的動(dòng)作同時(shí)進(jìn)行，這時(shí)可用連接詞while連接。如：Iwas

writingwhilemymotherwascooking.我在寫作時(shí)，我媽媽在煮飯。George

was

reading

while

his

wifewaslistening

totheradio.喬治在讀書，而他的妻子在聽收音機(jī)。(4)“wasgoing＋動(dòng)詞不定式”表示過去打算做某事。如：He

was

goingtobeourteamleader.他原打算當(dāng)我們的隊(duì)長(zhǎng)。A．watchedC．a(chǎn)m

watchingB．was

watchedD．was

watching母題訓(xùn)練(

D

)1.(2018廣東)—I

saw

thelightof

your

room

was

still

on

attwoo'clocklastnight.—Oh,I

afootballmatchoftheRussiaWorldCup.A．workedC．was

workingB．work

D．a(chǎn)m

working母題訓(xùn)練(

C

)2.(2014廣東)—I

didn't

see

you

at

the

beginning

of

theparty

lastnight.—I

onmybiologyreportatthattime.母題訓(xùn)練(

B

)3.(2012廣東)Jenny

inthekitchen

whenyoucalledherat5o'clockthisafternoon.A．is

cooking B．was

cooking

C．cooks

D．cooked( )4.(2010廣東)Louis

computergameswhenherbrother

phoned

her.A．plays B．isplayingC．has

playedD．was

playingD( )5.Lindawas

busywhenIwenttosee

heryesterday.She

for

anexam.A．is

studyingC．was

studyingB．willstudyD．has

studied中考預(yù)測(cè)C( )6.—Whydidn'tyougotothecinemawithusthisafternoon?—I

atthestationformyunclefromBeijing.A．was

waitingC．a(chǎn)m

waitingB．havewaitedD．will

wait中考預(yù)測(cè)A( )7.—Icalledyouat4：00

yesterday

afternoon,

but

nooneanswered.—Sorry,

I

withmyfriendsatthattime.A．swimC．will

swimB．swamD．was

swimming中考預(yù)測(cè)D( )8.I

was

very

angrywith

John;

he

just

when

Ispoketohim.A．isn't

listeningC．didn'tlistenB．hasn't

listenedD．wasn'tlistening中考預(yù)測(cè)D現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)(★★★)1．現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的構(gòu)成為：主語＋have/has＋動(dòng)詞的過去分詞。否定句應(yīng)在have/has后加not變?yōu)閔aven't/hasn't；疑問句應(yīng)將have/has放到句子主語之前。2．現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法(2012～2018年考)(1)表示過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，常用的

時(shí)間狀語有：already,yet,

ever,never,just等。其中already用于肯定句，可放在助動(dòng)詞之后、過去分詞之前，也可放在句末；

yet常放在句末，在疑問句中表示“已經(jīng)”，在否定句中表示

“還”。如：I

have

already

watchedthe

TV

play.我已經(jīng)看過這部電視劇了?！狧ave

you

found

your

lostpen

yet?你找到丟失的筆了嗎？—No,Ihaven't

found

it

yet.不，我還沒有找到。(2)表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)在過去已經(jīng)開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，也許還要持續(xù)下去，常與for或since短語連用，該類用法中要求謂語動(dòng)詞必須使用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞(簡(jiǎn)稱“長(zhǎng)命動(dòng)詞”)。在該用法中應(yīng)將短暫性動(dòng)詞(簡(jiǎn)稱“短命動(dòng)詞”)轉(zhuǎn)化為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。常見的轉(zhuǎn)化如下：短暫性動(dòng)詞come/goarrive/reachbeginborrowbuyclosediegetupjoinleaveloseopenput

on延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞beat/inbebeonkeephavebeclosedbedeadbeupbe(in)beawayfromnothavebeopenwear如：Wehave

lived

here

since

2000.從2000年開始我們一直住在這里。(說明一直住在這里，也許還會(huì)住下去)I

have

learnt

English

for

three

years.我學(xué)英語3年了。注意：for后接時(shí)間段，since后接表示過去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)或時(shí)間狀語從句。對(duì)時(shí)間狀語提問時(shí)，用how

long。如：I've

known

LiLeifor

five

years.＝I'veknownLiLeisincefiveyearsago.我認(rèn)識(shí)李磊已經(jīng)5年了。(3)時(shí)間狀語(標(biāo)志詞)①already(肯定句),yet(否定句),never,ever,just,

twice②since＋過去時(shí)間/過去時(shí)從句；for＋時(shí)間段，提問用howlong③so

far④單獨(dú)的before⑤inthepast/last200years,overtheyears現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)用法口訣學(xué)習(xí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，謂語結(jié)構(gòu)要特記：“have/has＋過去分詞”。主要用法有兩個(gè)：過去的動(dòng)作，對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響和結(jié)果，just，already常用著；過去的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，for，since把時(shí)間帶。母題訓(xùn)練(

C

)1.(2018廣東)It

issaid

thatthenumberofforest

parksinGuangdong

tomorethan1,000sofar.A．increaseB．increased

C．hasincreased

D．willincrease( )2.(2017廣東)Betty

hard

sincelastterm.That'swhy

her

exam

results

are

so

good!A．has

worked B．willworkC．workedD．was

workingAspirit

is

still

encouraging

us.A．died B．hasdied C．was

dead母題訓(xùn)練( )3.(2016廣東)Schoolviolence(暴力)

muchD．has

been

deadCattentionofthewholesocietyandpeoplearecallingonthegovernment to

make

laws

against

it

as

early

as

possible.A．drew B．willdraw C．has

drawn D．wasdrawing(

D

)4.(2015廣東)LeiFeng

for

many

years,buthisA．doesC．has

doneB．didD．was

done母題訓(xùn)練(

C

)5.(2014廣東)—What

do

you

thinkof

thenew

foreignteacher

Thomson?—Prettygood.Ithinkhe

agreatjobsofar.A．spendC．a(chǎn)m

spendingB．have

spentD．was

spending母題訓(xùn)練(

B

)6.(2013廣東)—Your

shoes

are

so

old.Why

don't

you

buya

new

pair?—Because

I

allmymoneyonanMP5.A．wereC．havebeenB．becameD．have

made母題訓(xùn)練(

C

)7.(2012廣東)Our

English

teacher

is

very

nice.We

friendssincethreeyearsago.A．wereC．have

beenB．have

madeD．have

e母題訓(xùn)練(

C

)8.(2010廣東)—Do

you

know

her

well?—Sure.We

friendssincetenyearsago.A．Did；findC．Are；findingB．Have；foundD．Had；found母題訓(xùn)練(

B

)9.(2008廣東)—

you

yourdictionary?—No.So

I

have

to

buy

a

new

one

today.( )10.Sarah

manyplacesofinterestinBeijingalready.A．hasvisited

B．visited C．will

visit

D．visits( )11.Lily

is

my

classmate.We

eachothersinceshecame

to

our

school.A．know

B．knewC．have

knownD．willk