【公開課】Unit+4+Discovering+Useful+Structures+課件人教版（2019）必修第三冊(cè)

Unit4SpaceExplorationDiscoveringUsefulStructuresPeriod2mastertheusageofinfinitivesasadverbialsandattributesthroughself-studyandpracticeBytheendofthisperiod,studentswillbeableto12345identifyandanalyzetheusageofinfinitivesasadverbialsandattributesuseinfinitivestodescribespacefactsandeffortstoexplorespace……Objectives:Lead-in

LilyandBobarechattingwhentheyjog.Iwanttobeanastronaut.So

Ineedtodomuchexercisetomakemydreamcometrue.What’syourdream?Whatdoyoudoforyourdream?Whydoyoujogeveryday?PresentationLookatthefollowingsentencesandfocusontheitalicisedinfinitives.Inpairs,discusstheirfunctionsandmeanings.Itrainedforalongtimetofly

airplanesasafighterpilot.Asweallknow,anastronautneedstobehealthyandcalminordertowork

inspace.infinitiveasadverbialinfinitiveasadverbialPresentationSomescientistsweredeterminedtohelphumansrealizetheirdreamtoexplore

space.On12April1961,YuriGagarinbecamethefirstpersonintheworldtogo

intospace.Findmoreexamplesfromtheunit.Firstofall,youmustbeintelligentenough

toget

arelatedcollegedegree.infinitiveasadverbialinfinitiveasattributeinfinitiveasattributePresentation不定式作定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)一、不定式的定義：不定式是動(dòng)詞的一種非限定形式,由“to+動(dòng)詞原形”構(gòu)成，沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化，在句中不能獨(dú)立作謂語(yǔ)。但不定式具有名詞、形容詞和副詞的特征，在句中可以作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)等。Presentation二、不定式在句中的功能：（一）作定語(yǔ)不定式作定語(yǔ)，一般放在被修飾的名詞、代詞后面。例如：Ihavealotofworktodo.Sheisthefirststudenttocometoschool.Thereisnothingtoworryabout.Presentation只能用動(dòng)詞不定式做定語(yǔ)的情況例：1.Pleasemakeanefforttocatchthebus.2.Hemadeapromisetocomehereontimetomorrow.1.當(dāng)修飾的名詞是ability,ambition,attempt,chance,courage,desire,decision,effort,failure,moment,promise,right,time,wish…（一些表示企圖、努力、愿望、打算、能力等意義的名詞）Presentation只能用動(dòng)詞不定式做定語(yǔ)的情況例：1.Hewasthefirstonetothinkoftheidea.2.Youaretheonlypersontobelate.3.Themanageristhelasttocometothemeeting.2.當(dāng)修飾的名詞前有theonly,thenext,thebest,thefirst,thelast,以及由序數(shù)詞或形容詞最

高級(jí)修飾的名詞常常用不定式作定語(yǔ)。Presentation例：Icomeheretosaygood-byetoyou.Soasnottodisturbthebaby,Iwalkedquietly.常用結(jié)構(gòu)：todo;inordertodo,soastodo,so/such…astodo,etc.（二）作狀語(yǔ)不定式作狀語(yǔ)，用來修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞和副詞。目的狀語(yǔ)：可用在句首Presentation（二）作狀語(yǔ)3.結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)：常與only,enough或too連用,用于“too...to”；“enoughto...”；“onlytodo”句型中。例：Hestudiedhardonlytofailtheexam.

Heisoldenoughtogotoschool.

Sheissoproudastolookdownuponothers.2.原因狀語(yǔ)：多用于“sb.+be+adj.+todo”句型中。例：

I’mgladtoseeyou.

Shewasdisappointedtohearthenews.Presentation現(xiàn)在分詞與不定式作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)的區(qū)別例：1.HewenthometofindhisoldfriendGeorgeoutsidethedoor.2.Thechildfell,strikinghisheadagainstthedoorandcuttingit.動(dòng)詞不定式作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)強(qiáng)調(diào)的是一種意想不到的結(jié)果；而現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)強(qiáng)調(diào)的是一種順承的，必然造成的結(jié)果。PracticeRewritethesentencesusinginfinitivesor“inorderto/soasto+do”.Changetheitalicisedpartsaccordingly.Examples:In2003YuriMalenchenkobecamethefirstpersonwhogotmarriedinspace.In2003YuriMalenchenkobecamethefirstpersontogetmarriedinspace.PracticeInspace,astronautscollectalldirtywatersoastorecycleforlateruse.2.Inspace,astronautscollectalldirtywatersothatitcanberecycledforlateruse.3.Mankindhasalwaysbeencuriousabouttheuniverseandmanypeoplehavedreamtthatonedaytheywouldflyintospace._________________________________________________________________________________________.MankindhasalwaysbeencuriousabouttheuniverseandmanypeoplehavethedreamtoflyintospaceonedayPractice________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________.___________________________________________________________________________.5.Astronautshavetousetapetostickeverythingdownwhileworkinginspacebecauseeverythingwouldfloatoffotherwise.6.Duringaspacewalk,astronautshavetomoveslowlysothattheycankeeptheirbodiesundercontrol.Duringaspacewalk,astronautshavetomoveslowlyto/inorderto/soastokeeptheirbodiesundercontrolAstronautshavetousetapetostickeverythingdownwhileworkinginspaceto/inorderto/soastokeepeverythingfromfloatingoffProduction3.他總是第一個(gè)到辦公室，最后一個(gè)離開。Heisalways________________________andthelastonetoleavetheoffice.4.有足夠的食物供客人享用。Thereisenoughfoodfortheguests__________.Trytocompletethesentenceswithinfinitives

astheattributeandtheadverbial.1.要正確地畫地圖，你需要一支特制的筆。_______________________,youneedaspecialpen.2.他來晚了，發(fā)現(xiàn)其他人都回家了。Hearrivedlate_______________________________.TodrawmapscorrectlytoenjoythefirstonetocometofindtheothershadgonehomeProductionCompletethepassagewiththecorrectformsoftheverbsinbrackets.Sendingpeopletootherplanetsorevenbeyondthesolarsystemisnotaneasygoal______________(achieve).Oneoftheproblemsisthatthetripwouldtakeaverylongtime.Forexample,_______(use)currenttechnology,itwouldtakeovertwoyears_________(get)totheclosestplanet,Mars,andback.Althoughlightisthefastestthing________(know)intheunive