北京市西城區(qū)2022-2023學(xué)年高二上學(xué)期期末英語試卷

北京市西城區(qū)2022-2023學(xué)年度第一學(xué)期期末試卷

高二英語2023.1

本試卷共16頁，共140分?？荚嚂r長120分鐘?？忌鷦?wù)必將答案寫在答題

卡上，在試卷上作答無效。

第I卷供75分）

I.聽力理解（共三節(jié)，22.5分）

第一節(jié)：（共4小題；每小題1.5分，共6分）

聽下面四段對話，每段對話后有一道小題，從每題所給的A、B、C三個選

項中選出最佳選項。每段對話你將聽一遍。

1.Whenwillthepartystart?

A.At7:10pm.B.At7:30pm.C.At8:00pm.

2.WhatwillthewomandoonSunday?

A.Prepareforahistoryexam.

B.Givethemansomeadvice.

C.Gotoanout-of-stateschool.

3.Whatdoesthewomanwanttodo?

A.GotoShenzhen.B.Visithersister.C.Relaxonthebeach.

4.Whatisthepossiblerelationshipbetweenthetwospeakers?

A.Friends.B.Neighbors.C.Workmates.

第二節(jié)：（共6小題；每小題1.5分，共9分）

聽下面三段對話，每段對話后有兩道小題，從每題所給的A、B、C三個

選項中選出最佳選項。每段對話你將聽兩遍。

聽第5段材料，回答第5至第6小題。

5.Whatdidthemandoinclass?

A.Wrotepoems.B.Madeposters.C.Didsomecleaning.

6.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?

A.Schoolclasses.B.Dailyroutines.C.Specialactivities.

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聽第6段材料，回答第7至第8小題。

7.Whydidthemanmakethephonecall?

A.Toreportacaraccident.

B.Todiscusstrafficproblems.

C.Tosharehisdrivingexperience.

8.Whatdoesthemanadvisethewomantodo?

A.Gettoworkontime.B.Drivecarefully.C.Gotothescenetohelp.

聽第7段材料，回答第9至第10小題。

9.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?

A.Safetytipstofollowonacampingtrip.

B.Arrangementforacampingtrip.

C.Memoriesofacampingtrip.

10.Whatwillthewomanprobablydonext?

A.Buyasummerhat.

B.Talktothecampleader.

C.FindamapoftheNationalPark.

第三節(jié)：（共5小題；每小題1.5分，共7.5分）

聽下面一段獨白，根據(jù)題目要求在相應(yīng)的橫線上寫下第11題至第15題的

關(guān)鍵信息。每小題僅填寫一個詞。這段獨白你將聽兩遍。

PlanningfortheFuture

?Gettingorganizedandassessingyour11.

Setgoals.?Speakwitha12orateacher.

?Dosomeresearchtoseewhatittakestoreachthatgoal.

Continueyour?Educationshouldbeviewedasaninvestmentforthefuture.

education.?Abettereducationcanleadtomore13opportunities.

Buildstrong?Communicatewithothersopenlyand14.

relationships.?Developyourpeopleskills.

-15andappreciateothers.

IL完形填空（共15小題；每小題1.5分,共22.5分）

閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選

出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。

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Onepersoncanchangetheworldstartingwithasinglebladeofgrass!WhenBrian

Schwartzdecidedhewantedtomakea16inpeople'slives,hesetoutby

mowinglawns（修剪草坪）inNewJerseyforfree.Today,Schwartzrunsthenon-

profitorganizationIWanttoMowYourLawn,andis17peoplein27states

acrosstheUS.

WhenSchwartzlosthisjobatadigitaladvertisingagency,hemadeuphis

mindtostayactiveandbusy.Hewantedtohelpthosehavinga18time,

andbecauseofhiswarmaffectionforgrandparents,hefirstchoseto

help19citizens.Aslawncarecanbe20fortheold,Schwartz^idea

was21.

Usinghisownlawnmowerandminivan,Schwartzstartedwithone22

inthesummerof2020.Thissoonexpandedtotwo,andthentoten.Withinamonth,

Schwartzopenedhisnon-profitorganizationandalsostartedoffering23to

veterans,thedisabledandsingleworkingmoms.

Oneofhisformerco-workerspostedwhathedidontheInternet.Schwartz

explainsonthewebsite.uItjustfeels24tohelpout,todosomething

25thatpeopleneeddoneandcan'tquitedothemselves,something

straight-forwardandclean-cutasnewlymowedgrass/9TheInternethelpedto

increase26forthenon-profit,andmanypeopleofferedtohelp.Infact,the

organizationrecentlyattracted50more27injustoneweek,including

professionallandscapers!

Thisgrassroots“mowment“hasbroughtpeopletogether,28manyothers

tobeinvolved,andiscontinuingto29.Schwartz,whoisnowfullyemployed

again,isstill30todogoodandnowhasplanstoofferasnowplowservice

inthewinter.

16.A.differenceB.profitC.listD.choice

17.A.teachingB.watchingC.examiningD.helping

18.A.longB.happyC.hardD.quiet

19.A.activeB.ordinaryC.seniorD.responsible

20.A.boringB.tiringC.interestingD.exciting

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21.A.welcomedB.rejectedC.abandonedD.borrowed

22.A.parkB.gardenC.shopD.office

23.A.coursesB.discountsC.suggestionsD.services

24.A.freeB.goodC.strangeD.safe

25.A.trueB.politeC.practicalD.reasonable

26.A.levelsB.pricesC.productionD.awareness

27.A.volunteersB.friendsC.engineersD.colleagues

28.A.hiredB.inspiredC.orderedD.elected

29.A.growB.returnC.trainD.gather

30.A.paidB.requiredC.qualifiedD.motivated

III.閱讀理解（共15小題；每小題2分，共30分）

閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。

A

Yoursleeppositioncandeterminealotaboutyourhealth,andcanalsoaffect

yourhealthindifferentways.

Ifsdifficulttocontrolwhatsleeppositionwenaturallyfallinto,asourbodywill

subconsciouslyfallintothemostcomfortableposition.However,somepositionsare

betterforyouthanothers,andsomecouldactuallyhinderyourhealthandwellbeing.

Ifyousleeponyourside

Morethan60percentofpeoplesleepontheirside.Thisismostlylikelybecause

itisoneofthemostcomfortablesleeppositions.Oftenourbodynaturallymovesto

thisposition,whichislinkedtowhenwewereinthefoetal（胎兒的）position.

Sleepingonyoursideoffersanumberofbenefitstoyourbody,frompromoting

healthyspinealignment,whichcanhelptopreventbackpain,toreducingheartbum

andsnoring.Sidesleepingwouldbeparticularlybeneficialforolderpeople,thosewho

snoreorhavesleepapnoea（口乎吸暫停）,thosewithbackpainandpregnantwomen.

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Thereareafewdrawbackstosleepingonyourside,however.Those

withshoulderpainandthosewhoareworriedaboutwrinklesshouldrefrainfromside

sleeping.

Ifyousleeponyourback

Lyingonyourbackisthesecondmostpopularsleeppositionandoffersjustas

manybenefitsassidesleeping.

Whenyou'resleepingonyourback,yourweightisevenlydistributed,which

helpspreventneckandbackpain.Backsleepingwouldalsobeadvisedforthosewho

wanttokeeptheirskiningoodconditionandthosewhosufferfromneckandspinal

pain.

However,backsleepingistheworstpositionifyousnoreorsufferfromsleep

apnoea.Ifyouareabacksleeper,ensureyouhaveasupportivepillow（枕頭）which

fitsinthecurveofyourneckandsupportsyourheadandnaturalspinalcurve.

Ifyousleeponyourstomach

Sleepingonyourstomachistheleastcommonsleepposition.Therearemore

negativestothispositioncomparedtopositives.

Thestomachofferstheleastamountofbacksupportandcanactuallyincrease

pressureonthespinewhichmaycausepainonceyouwakeup.Furthermore,those

whosleepontheirstomachwillhavetheirheadfacingoneside,whichmayalsocause

astiffneckuponwaking.

Whichsleeppositionisrightfbryou?

Determiningtherightsleeppositionforyourselfispersonal

preference.Regardlessofwhichpositionyouchoose,makesurethatyouhaveafirm

mattressandpillows.Thesewillsupportthespineandneck,whichisvitaltoprevent

anypainsinfuture.

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31.Accordingtothepassage,sleepingontheside.

A.isthemostcomfortablesleepposition

B.maycurepeopleoftheirshoulderpain

C.remindspeopleofthefoetalposition

D.isgoodforthosewhosnore

32.Thosewhowanttokeeptheirskiningoodconditionmayprefer.

A.sleepingontheirsideB.sleepingontheirback

C.pressingtheirfaceintothepillowD.havingtheirheadfaceoneside

33.Whatcanpeoplelearnfromthepassage?

A.Howtojudgesleepquality.B.Howtoevaluateone'shealth.

C.Howtodevelopgoodhabits.D.Howtochoosesleeppositions.

B

ShannonSt.Ongethoughtshecouldgethomefromworkbeforethestormhit

Pense,atowninSaskatchewan,Canada.

“Yesterday,theweathernetworkwaswarningofastorm.Expectedstarttimewas

ataround7pmJshewroteonsocialmedia.

“Igrabbedtakeoutfbrthekids,filledmygastank,replacedmybrokenphone

chargerandthenhitthedirtroadsataround5:30toheadhomebeforethestorm

Shetookadirtroadbecauseshethoughtitwouldbebetterfbrthewinterdriving

conditions.

“Justasthepavement（路面）turnedintogravel（石子路）,thewindpickedupand

visibilitybecamereduced.Thewindwhipsthesnowfromtheopenfieldsacrossthe

roadsandcreatessometimesdangerousconditions,shesaid.

“Ifoundmyselfdrivingwithmyheadoutofthedriver'swindow,watchingthe

edgeofthegravelasmyguide,whileIcrawledforwardat15km/hr,notactually

lookingforwardattheroadahead.Ididthisfbrabout10km,untilIcouldnolonger

seeandIhadtostop,rightwhereIwas-12kmfromhome.”

Shepulledoverandcalled911.Theoperatorsuggestedshewaitthestormout,but

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thestormwasnotprojectedtoletupuntildawn.

“WhatifIdidn'tmakeithomeatall?^^shewondered.

ShepostedherlocationonthePensecommunitywebpageinhopessomeonemight

beabletofindher.

That'swhen80-year-oldAndreBouvierSr.gotacallaboutSt.Onge'surgent

requestfbrhelp.Helivedabouthalfamileawayfromwhereshewaspulledover.

Histractorwouldnotstartsohedecidedtoheadoutonfootwithaflashlight.To

hissurprise,hefoundtwoothervehicleswithpeoplewhoalsoneededhelpstranded

togetherwithSt.Onge.

Heledallsevenstrandedpeoplebacktohishomeandwelcomedtheminfbrthe

evening.

“Thisfamilyfedusandgaveusawarmplacetorestoureyesforafewhours,“she

said."Whenweallwokeupat5am,hehadalreadyplowedthedrivewayfbrus,and

ataround5:30,weheadedtotown.Visibilitywasbetter,butstillvery,verypoor.^^

“Intheend,weallmadeithomesafelyandIhaveneverhuggedmykidstighter.^^

AsfbrBouvier,hedidn'twantmuchcreditfbrhisefforts.

"Everybodywouldhavedonethesamething,“hesaid.uYoudon'tthinkaboutit.

Youjustdoit.”

34.Inspiteofthewarning,St.Ongestilltriedtodrivebackhomemainlybecause

she.

A.didn'ttrusttheweatherforecast

B.wasfullypreparedforthestorm

C.hadthoughtshecouldgethomebeforethestormbegan

D.tookthedirtroadthatshethoughtwouldbesafeenough

35.What'sthemainfactorthatmadeitimpossiblefbrSt.Ongetogoondriving?

A.Thewrongroad.B.Theemptygastank.

C.Thepoorvisibility.D.Theseriousaccident.

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36.WhatdoweknowaboutAndreBouvierSr.?

A.HereceivedacallforhelpfromShannonSt.Onge.

B.Hewalked12kmtorescuethepeoplewhowerestuck.

C.HedroveShannonSt.Ongetotownhimselfthenextmorning.

D.HehadclearedthedrivewaybeforeShannonSt.Ongewokeup.

37.WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribeAndreBouvierSr.?

A.Warm-heartedandconsiderate.B.Responsibleandtalented.

C.Strong-willedandambitious.D.Independentandmotivated.

C

Asdigitaldeviceshavetakenoversociety,"keyboardactivityisnowoften

recommendedasareplacementfbrearlyhandwriting,anewstudynotes.Theideais

thattypingmaybeeasierforyoungchildren.

Thepotentialbenefitsofhandwritingfbrlearningandmemoryhavebeendebated

forsometime.Thenewstudysetouttoanswertwoquestions.Howdoeshandwriting

comparetousingakeyboardordrawingwhenitcomestolearningnewinformation?

Andhowsimilararehandwritinganddrawing?

Inall,12adultsand12seventh-graderstookpart.Researchersaskedeachofthem

towriteanddrawwithadigitalpen.Eachwasalsoaskedtotypeonakeyboard.While

performingthesetasks,eachvolunteerworeacapthatheldelectrodes（電極）nextto

theirhead.Itlookedsomewhatlikeahairnetfittedwith256sensors,whichrecorded

thevolunteers9brainwaves,atypeofelectricalactivity,asEEGs.

Theelectrodesnotedwhichpartsofthebrainturnedonduringeachtask.Andthey

showedthatthebrainactivitywasaboutthesameinboththekidsandtheadults.

Writingturnedonmemoryareasinthebrain.Typingdidn't.Drawingimagesand

writingalsoturnedonpartsofthebraininvolvedwithlearning.Writingevenactivated

languageareas.

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Thissuggests,accordingtoVanderMeer,thenewstudy'sleader,thatwhenwe

writebyhand,“webothlearnbetterandrememberbetter.^^Herteamnowsuggests

“thatchildren,fromanearlyage,mustbeexposedtohandwritinganddrawing

activitiesinschool.

Thesenewfindingsbackupotherstudiesshowingpotentialbenefitsof

handwriting,saysJoshuaWeiner,whowasnotinvolvedwiththenewstudy.Hisown

studentstypefasterthantheycanwrite,hefinds.Slowingdownseemstorequirethem

to“thinkmore^^whentakingnotes,hesays.Headdsthatthiscould"improvememory

andenhanceleaming.^^Weinerconcludesthat"writingmaybebeneficial”asit

involvesmoreofa“brainresponse”.

VanderMeerrecognizesthatlearningtowritebyhandisaslowerprocess.She

isalsoawarethatitrequiresfinemotorskills.But,sheadds,“Ifwedon'tchallenge

ourbrain,itcan'treachitsfullpotential/9

38.Acapwasusedintheexperimentto.

A.givethevolunteersinstructions

B.recordthevolunteers,everymove

C.helpthevolunteersbetterfocusonthetask

D.keeptrackofthevolunteers'brainactivity

39.WhatdoesParagraph3mainlytalkabout?

A.Thetoolsinventedbytheresearchers.

B.Thebackgroundoftheparticipants.

C.Theprocessoftheexperiment.

D.Theapplicationofthestudy.

40.Whatdidtheresearchteamfind?

A.Typingmadethebrainmoreactive.

B.Writingturnedonmoreareasinthebrain.

C.Drawingactivatedthearearelatedtomemory.

D.Adultscoulddobetterthankidsintakingnotes.

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41.WhichofthefollowingwouldVanderMeerprobablyagreewith?

A.Keyboardsshouldbeusedaslittleaspossible.

B.Requirementsforhand-writtennoteswillbenefitkids.

C.Theprocessofwritingslowsdownthebrainresponse.

D.Typinggivesusachancetoimprovememoryandlearning.

D

Youmayhaveheardthathumansonlyuse10percentoftheirbrainpower,and

thatifyoucouldunlocktherestofyourbrainpower,youcoulddosomuchmore.

However,thereisapowerfulbodyofevidencedebunkingthe10percentmyth.

Scientistshaveconsistentlyshownthathumansusetheirentirebrainthroughouteach

day.

Despitetheevidence,the10percentmythhasinspiredmanyreferencesinthe

culturalimagination.A2013studyshowedthatabout65percentofAmericans

believedthemyth,anda1998studyshowedthatafullthirdofpsychologymajors,

whofocusontheworkingsofthebrain,qHforit.

Neuropsychologystudieshowtheanatomy（構(gòu)造）ofthebrainaffectssomeone's

behavior,emotion,andcognition.Overtheyears,brainscientistshaveshownthat

differentpartsofthebrainareresponsibleforspecificfunctions.Contrarytothe10

percentmyth,scientistshaveproventhateverypartofthebrainisintegralforourdaily

functioning.Manybrainimagingstudiesthatmeasurebrainactivitywhenapersonis

doingaspecifictaskshowhowdifferentpartsofthebrainworktogether.Forexample,

whileyouarereadingthistextonyoursmartphone,somepartsofyourbrain,including

thoseresponsibleforvision,readingcomprehension,andholdingyourphone,willbe

moreactive.

However,somebrainimagesunintentionallysupportthe10percentmyth,because

theyoftenshowsmallbrightsplotches（斑點）onanotherwisegraybrain.Thismay

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implythatonlythebrightspotshavebrainactivity,butthatisn'tthecase.Rather,

coloredsplotchesrepresentbrainareasthataremoreactivewhensomeone'sdoinga

taskcomparedtowhenthey'renot.Thegrayspotsarestillactive,justtoalesserdegree.

Amoredirectcountertothe10percentmythliesinindividualswhohavesuffered

braindamage.Ifthe10percentmythweretrue,damagetoperhaps90percentofthe

brainwouldn'taffectdailyfunctioning.Yetstudiesshowthatdamagingevenavery

smallpartofthebrainmayhavedevastatingconsequences.Forexample,damageto

Broca'sareahindersproperformationofwordsandfluentspeech,thoughgeneral

languagecomprehensionremainsintact.

Anotherlineofevidenceagainstthe10percentmythcomesfromevolution.

Theadultbrainonlyconstitutes2percentofbodymass,yetitconsumesover20

percentofthebody'senergy.Incomparison,theadultbrainsofmanyvertebrate

species一includingsomefish,reptiles,birds,andmammals-consume2to8percent

oftheirbody'senergy.Thebrainhasbeenshapedbymillionsofyearsofnatural

selection,whichpassesdownfavorabletraitstoincreaselikelihoodofsurvival.Itis

unlikelythatthebodywoulddedicatesomuchofitsenergytokeepanentirebrain

functioningifitonlyuses10percentofthebrain.

42.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase"fellfbr“inParagraph2probablymean?

A.Believed.B.Proved.

C.Developed.D.Discovered.

43.Whichofthefollowingdoestheauthorprobablyagreewith?

A.Wehaveahugepotentialforbraindevelopment.

B.Weconsumetoomuchbodyenergyusingourbrain.

C.Werelyoneverypartofourbrainfordailyactivities.

D.Wecanseeinactivebrainareasbyusingbrainimages.

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44.Whichofthefollowingcanbestdescribetheauthor'sattitudetowardsthe10

percentmyth?

A.Objective.B.Doubtful.

C.Unconcerned.D.Supportive.

45.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?

A.WhatPercentageoftheHumanBrainIsUsed?

B.HowCantheHumanBrainBeFullyDeveloped?

C.HowCantheMythoftheHumanBrainBeSolved?

D.WhatAretheFunctionsoftheDifferentPartsoftheHumanBrain?

第n卷（共65分）

I.選詞填空（共7小題；每小題2分，共14分）

用方框中單詞的適當(dāng)形式完成下列句子，每個單詞只能用一次。

graduatecontributeproduce

sciencedemandrecycleoccasional

46.1havesomanygreatmemories,butoneparticularoccasionisthedayofmy

47.Climbingisphysically.

48.EinsteinwasawardedtheNobelPrizeforhistoQuantumTheory.

49.wegoouttorestaurants,butmostlyweeatathome.

50.Plasticbottlescanbeintoclothing.

51.Thecountryistotallyself-sufficientinfood.

52.Ifyoudosomethinginaway,youdoitcarefullyandthoroughly,

usingexperimentsortests.

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II.語法填空(共10小題；每小題1分，共10分)

在未給提示詞的空白處填寫1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括

號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。

53.Thegroundiscoveredwithsnowandice,makesdrivingverydangerous.

54.OliverisahostofaTVprogrammeonfood.Hesaysfood(play)abig

roleinhislife.

55.Olympicathleteshaveusedadvancedtechnologies(help)improvetheir

performances.

56.Thebuilding,animportantconferenceisbeingheld,isinthecenterof

thecity.

57.Inthelab,(keep)thingscleanandorganizedcanhelpprovideasafer

environment.

58.Ididn'tmean(eat)anythingbuttheicecreamlookedsogoodthatI

couldn'thelptryingit.

59.TheWorldCupisthemostwatchedsoccermatchintheworld.Itwasfirstheld

in1930and(organize)everyfouryearsbyFIFA,theFederation

InternationaledeFootballAssociation.

60.1haven'tseenMr.JenkinssinceI(leave)school,butIoftenthinkabout

him.

61.Thegoodthingaboutbeingateacheristhatyouhaveaccesstochildren'sminds

theyareopenandeagertolearn.

62.Whenyoucomeacrossdifficultwordinthetext,trytoguesswhatit

meansfirstbeforelookingitup.

III.完成句子(共5小題；第63、64題每題2分，第65、66、67題每題3分,

共13分)

根據(jù)括號中所給提示完成下列句子。

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63.我非常感謝你的幫助。(begratefulfor)

64.輪到你發(fā)言T°(giveapresentation)

65.對你自己所做的事情要有熱情。(bepassionateabout)

66.為了把你的夢想變成現(xiàn)實，你需要設(shè)定目標(biāo)。(setgoals)

67.人們傾向于與他們有相似興趣的人交往。(associatewith)

IV.閱讀表達（共4小題；每小題2分，共8分）

閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)題目要求用英文回答問題。請在答題卡指定區(qū)域作答。

WhyDoWeGetOurBestIdeasintheShower?

Creativitysometimesrequirestakingastepback.Activitieslikeshoweringor

walkingcanhelp.Whenyou'restrugglingwithaproblemthatfeelsunsolvableand

thensomewherebetweenshampooandconditioner,youfindtheanswerintheshower.

Doingsomethingmindlesslikeshowering,wecanfindacreativesolution.

ResearchersattheUniversityofVirginiacallit“theshowereffect”.

Theyhavefoundthatmildlyengagingtaskslikeshoweringorwalkingcanboost

themostcreativity.Creativeideagenerationrequiresthatoneshouldstrikeabalance

betweenfocusedthinkingwhichlimitsoriginalityandrandomassociationswhichare

of