英語同方語法漢譯英講座

1.分值：152.題量：53.4.雖然該部分以漢譯英題形式出現(xiàn)，考時(shí)能夠牢固掌握知識(shí)點(diǎn)，拿到漢 2.虛擬語氣：Ifshould3.4.5.6.7.我們到達(dá)那里時(shí)又累又餓，andworstofallwecouldn’tfindanyfood.雖然沒有明顯的“當(dāng)”?？忌诜g的時(shí)：累：betiredbe餓：be參考譯文：Whenwearrivedwewereexhaustedandhungry.…assoonBoththecars一出發(fā)就拋錨結(jié)構(gòu)：assoon：拋錨：break出發(fā)：set參考答案：Boththecarsbrokedownassoonastheysetout.…notNot特別注意：notuntil放在句首時(shí)，主句要itisnot事實(shí)上直到讀了你的信thatIknewthetruestateofaffairs.應(yīng)該是個(gè)強(qiáng)調(diào)句，itwasnotuntil…：事實(shí)上：in讀了你的信：readyourletterheardfromyou;Infact,itwasnotuntilIheardfromyouthatIknewthetruestateofaffairs.ItwasnotuntilseveraldayslaterthatIrealizedIwastakeninbythatvendor.：cheatsb;fool ithasbeentenyears期待：tolookforward ngIamlookingforwardtoseeinghimagain,becauseithasbeentenyearssincewelastmet.……because…… officerwasremovedfromoffice因?yàn)樗啻瓮婧雎毷亍＝Y(jié)構(gòu)：because…：玩忽職守neglectone’s多次:manyTheofficerwasremovedfromofficebecauseheneglectedhisdutymanytimes.：期待lookforward整整十年it’salreadybeenten見面:meetIamlookingforwardtoseeinghimagain,forit’salreadybeentenyearssincethedaywemet. IthinkitisnotdifficultIdon'tthinkitisdifficultfor插話：tocuttalkative;Idon'tthinkitisdifficultforhimtocutin,becauseallthechatterboxesarenot 的話，thespaceshipwillbelaunchedtomorrowmorning. ：:Ifweatherpermits,thespaceshipwillbelaunchedtomorrowmorning.如果你聽從我的勸告，youwillprobably：聽從listento;勸告:Ifyoufollowmyadvice,youwillprobablysucceed.ACTONONE’SIdon’twanttogo,butI’llgoiftheywishmeto.SolongAslong……aslong……solong只要照著我告訴你的做，everythingwillbefine.結(jié)構(gòu)：“只要結(jié)構(gòu)：aslongas……solong：照著as……acton……(高級(jí)用法AslongasyoudoasItoldyoueverythingwillbefine.SolongasyouactonwhatItoldyoueverythingwillbefine.只要這本書值得一讀，I’lltryallmeanstogetit.結(jié)構(gòu)：“只要結(jié)構(gòu)：aslongas;solong：值得:be 參考答案：Aslongasthebookisworthreading，I’lltryallmeanstogetit.結(jié)構(gòu)：“只要 結(jié)構(gòu)：aslongas;solong：lose克 :e參考答案：Solongaswedon’tloseheart,we’llfindawaytoethe盡管天氣不好，thefootballgamewentonandtheaudiencestayedthere,cheeringfortheirfavorite Though/Althoughtheweatherwasbad,thefootballgamewentonandtheaudiencestayedthere,cheeringfortheirfavorite 由nomatter…引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語nomatter可以和what,who,which,when,where,how連用，分別表示：“無寫作：whatever,whoever,whichever,whenever,wherever,however（通常被使用nomatter與what,who,which,when,wherehow連用時(shí)，一定要有主不管誰犯了法willbeWhoeverbreaksthe結(jié)構(gòu)：使用nomatterwho…還注意：willbepunished.不：犯法：breakbreachtheWhoeverbreaksthelawwillbepunished. Nomatterhowlateitis,wemustfinishtheworkbeforewegohome.他全神貫注在工作上thathedidn’thearanybodyknockingatthedoor.：全神貫注beabsorbedin參考譯文：HewassoabsorbedinhisPayattentionHepaidsomuchattentiontohisHeissofoolish竟然認(rèn)敵為友：認(rèn)敵為友regardenemiesasHeissofoolishthatheregardsenemiesasfriends. ：就……達(dá)成一致：agreeon:政策 Thecommitteewasunabletoagreeon ,soitdecidedtomeetagainnextmonth.......so Theheroesgavetheirlivessothatwemightliveahappylife.主句……（介詞）關(guān)系代+從句……。主句……+關(guān)系副詞從when:WhereWhy: 的問題ishowtoimprovethequalityofitsproducts. ： ：beconfrontedwith/befacedwith/face參考譯文：Theproblemthefactoryfacesishowtoimprovethequalityofitsproducts.Theproblemthefactoryisconfrontedwithishowtoimprovethequalityofits：取得成就：make偉大:Weshouldstudyhard,becausethemanwhodoesnotstudyhardcan’tmakegreatachievement.Nowadaysmostcompaniesdon’tjudgeanemployeesimply根據(jù)其所受的教育.：根據(jù)：by;(注意：judge…by…固定用法受:Nowadaysmostcompaniesdon’tjudgeanemployeesimplybytheeducationhereceived.定語從句也可由“/+介which/whom”引出，表“所屬關(guān)系”Hehasalotoffriends，manyofwhomareinterestedinfootball.（表示“整體—Hehasalargecollectionofbooks其中不少是英文定語從句結(jié)構(gòu)。選擇ofwhich：Hehasalargecollectionofbooks,manyofwhichareEnglishversions.Hehasalargecollectionofbooks,manyofthemareEnglishversions.as引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句時(shí)，可 AsisAsisknowntoAsisoftentheAshasbeensaidStratford-on-Avon,asweallknow,hasonlyoneindustry–WilliamPracticemakesperfect正astheoldsaying Languageissomethingthatisnoteasytostudyandrequiresalotofeffort.作動(dòng)詞的賓語。Itishardtosaywhichnismorepractical.作介詞的賓語。Wedonotagreewithwhathejustsaid.由thatThat:That請(qǐng)務(wù)必yougetintouchwiththefactorybeforeyougothereonbusiness. makesureBesureSeetoit 對(duì)那場(chǎng)事故負(fù)有責(zé)任。Itwasduotohiscarelessnessthatitall結(jié)構(gòu)：Ithink：負(fù)有責(zé)任beresponsible事故:Ithink(that)thedriverwasresponsibleforthataccident.Itwasduotohiscarelessnessthatitallhappened.Whenhejustgotoffthe nehegaveusagooddescriptionofwhathehadseeninSpain.（賓語從句）做介詞of的賓語。WhatGeologistscannotaccura ypredictwhenthelivevolcanowilleruptagain.（賓語從句Weareworriedaboutoursonbecausenooneisawareofwherehehasgone.（賓語從句做介詞of的賓語。Where在從句中作地48.Therosemaygrowasalowbushorasatree,dependingonhowitistrimmed.（賓語從句）Noagreementwasreached關(guān)于該計(jì)劃：關(guān)于：on;和agreement計(jì)劃 n;執(zhí)行carryoutNoagreementwasreachedonhowthenshouldbecarriedout.也可以使用how不定式toNoagreementwasreachedonhowtocarryoutthe Itwillbediscussedwhetherweshouldaccepthisofferornot.WewilldiscusswhetherweshouldaccepthisadviceatnextmeetingThat:How:Whether;if表示“是否”Who;whom:表示“誰”。Who在從句中作Whose表示“誰的”Whoever表示“不論是誰”What表示“事物”、“事情”Whatever表示“無論什么”Which:表示“哪一個(gè)”Whichever:“無論哪一個(gè)”When:Why:WhereThatsheisstillaliveissheer特別注意：That只起到連接作用，本身Itisquiteclearthatthewholeprojectisdoomedtofailure.Thatthewholeprojectisdoomedtofailureisquiteclear主語太長(zhǎng)，頭重腳首先用代詞it代表Thatthewholeprojectisdoomedtofailure得到：itisquite然后將Thatthewholeprojectisdoomedtofailure放在句末得到：Itisquiteclearthatthewholeprojectisdoomedtofailure.ItissaidItisreportedItisbelievedItisestimatedItissuggested結(jié)構(gòu)：“據(jù)說的固定用法。（其實(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)：itissaid：名作:ItissaidthatthepaintingisamasterpiecebyPicasso.Itis+adj+Itwasstrangethatsheleftwithoutsayinggood-bye. Itisquitenaturalthatwemakesomemistakesinaverycomplicatedpoliticalsituation.Itisverynicetohaveseen/metyou.itisverynicethatIhavemetyou!1.if引導(dǎo)的虛擬條件句。P37-38/1請(qǐng)嚴(yán)格 2.(should)+動(dòng)詞 形。P38/2必須掌握一定的詞要不是交通堵塞的話，weshouldhavearrivedatthestationintime.結(jié)構(gòu)：通過觀察主句的shouldhave過：交通堵塞：trafficIfithadnotbeenforthetrafficjam,weshouldhavearrivedatthestationin5他要是在室內(nèi)就不會(huì)覺得冷Hewouldn’tfeelsocoldifhewereindoors.6.我很抱歉，現(xiàn)在很忙。如果有時(shí)間，我肯定陪你去看了。iamsorryiamverybusynow.Ifihadtime,iwouldcertainlygotothemovieswihyou.7如果我們不做充分的準(zhǔn)備，會(huì)themeetingwouldn'thavebeensosuccessfulifwehadn'tmadeadequatepreparations.8如果明天下雪的話，我就呆在Ifitsnowed/weretosnow/shouldsnowtomorrow,ishould/wouldstayathome.Ifyouhadfollowedmyadvice/suggestion,youwouldnothavebeenintrouble. Butforyourhelptheywouldnothavefulfilledthetaskin結(jié)構(gòu)：表示與過去事實(shí)相反！couldhave：犯錯(cuò)誤make接受忠告takeadviceacceptWecouldhaveavoidedmakingsuchamistake,butwedidn’ttakehisadvice.ifonly......:要 IfonlyIhadworkedalittlebitmorebeforetheND-Dexam!(should)+動(dòng) 1.表示“命令”、“建議”、“要求”2.上述動(dòng)詞的名詞所在的主語從句或表3.Itis形容詞/參考譯文：Weproposedthatsomechanges（should）bemadeinthe提議：proposetodongadvisesbtodosth.等等。如果p39翻譯練習(xí)2.教授要求我們上 要求：demand上交：hand:reasearchtheprofessorrequiredthatwehandinourreasearchreport.Submit:3必須采取行動(dòng)take itisnecessarythatsomeimmediateeffortshouldbemade.itisnecessarythatactionsshouldbetakenimmedia 4.這些孩子被 Itisabsoluyunfairthatthesechildrenbedeprivedoftherighttoreceiveeducation. p385wish的賓語從句中的虛 IwishshewereIfonlyshewereIwishyouwouldgowithusIwishshehadtakenmyadviceatthattime.p38itistime Itistimethatsomethingwasdone/somemeasuresweretakenaboutthetrafficprobleminthedowntownarea.1.表示：“必須”；（haveto互換2.表示：“一定”；（推測(cè)時(shí)使用，表示個(gè)特別注意：havetoIfheisnotattheoffice,就參考譯文：Hemustbesomewhereelse,forIsawhimjustnow.表示現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)肯定推測(cè)，用mustbe.Ourrefrigeratordoesn’tworkandwemusthaveitrepaired.兩詞都是'必須'的意思，haveto表示客觀的需要，must表示說話人 had(常簡(jiǎn)略為'dbetter)是一固定詞組，hadIfyouwanttopassyourexams你就得集中精力提高參考譯文：You’dbetterconcentrateonimprovingyourlisteningcomprehension.此處的“集中精力”“把重翻譯成concentrateonfocuson,payattentionto,emphasizeon. Writteninahurry,thisarticlewasnotsogood因?yàn)閷懙么颐?，這篇文章不是GivenanotherhourIcanalsoworkoutthisproblem.再給我一個(gè)小時(shí)，我也能given為過去分詞作狀語，它的邏II被再給一個(gè)Seenfromthetopofthehill,thecitylooksmorebeautifultous從山頂看城seen為過去分詞作狀語，表“被 tolayoffsomeoftheworkers. ;和動(dòng)詞“面 ：面對(duì)：befacedwith財(cái)務(wù)問題：financial詞結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)為：facedwith……參考答案：Facedwithseriousfinancial hadtolayoffsomeoftheworkers.結(jié)構(gòu)：主語為：“他”;和動(dòng)詞“面對(duì)”是什 詞結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)為：facedwith……：面對(duì)：befaced抑制：holdback情感:參考答案：Facedwithasituationsocomplicated,hetriedtoholdbackhisHave/has+been+ ： 做手術(shù)：operateonsb；performanoperationonsb；整個(gè)晚上：allt