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Perception&SensationArwenFlynnJonChapmanSensationSensation:ProcessbywhichourBrainreceivesstimulifromtheoutsideenvironment.PerceptionPerception:Theprocesswherebythemindinterpretsoutsidestimuli,andconstructsamentalparadigm.SensationSensationcanbeexperiencedinmanydifferentmanners.Sight,Sound,Smell,Taste,andTouch.ThesearereferredasVisual,Auditory,Olfactory,Gustatory,andTactile.AuditorySoundwavestravelthroughtheair,andmakecontactwiththeeardrum.Vibratingtheeardrum,thevibrationsareinterpretedintosensationsthatthemindcanunderstand.OlfactoryTheexactnatureoftheolfactionsystemisamystery,howeverthebasicsincludeodormoleculescomingintocontactwithreceptorslocatedintheuppernasalcavity,thestimuliisthensenttothebrainwhereitisprocessed.GustatoryFourBasicsensationsareencompassedwithintaste.TheseareSweet,Sour,Salty,andBitter.Eachtastebudcontainsaporewhichcatchesfoodchemicals.Ittakes1/10ofasecondtoregisterthetaste.TactileTheepidermiswhichregisterstouch,isthelargestorganofthebody.ThefourmaintypesofTactilesensationare:PressureWarmthColdPainTherearefourdistinctstagesintheoverallbiologicalprocessofsight.SignalgenerationSignalmanipulation(intheretina)SignalprojectionSignalManipulation,andperception(inthecortex)VisualVisualprocessLightenterstheeye,andpassesthroughthecornea.Itthencomesincontactwiththeretina,whichdoestheactuallightsensingintheeye.TherearetwotypesofcellswithintheeyeRods-primarilyconcernedwithgenerallightgathering,andvisioninlowlightconditions.Cones-handlecolorvisionanddetails.Whenlightstrikesthesespecializedcellsthereisaseriesofchemicalreactionsthattakeplace,andultimately,thelightisconvertedintoelectricalimpulses.Generally,theoutersegmentofrodsarelongandthin,whereastheoutersegmentofconesaretotheirnamesake.VisualVisualsensationisconsideredtobethemostvitalforeverydayfunctionofallthesenses.Morethan50%ofthecerebralcortexisdevotedtovisualprocessing.VisualPerceptionMorethanjustsensation,visualperceptionisderivingmeaningfromthesensation.HomoSignificans-meaningmakers.Intoeachexperiencewebringwithussomethingcalledaperceptualset.Thisisbasicallyyourownpreferredinterpretation.

Perceptionlinkedwithsensation.Thetwoareirrevocablylinked.VisualtricksYourmindwilltrytomakesenseofthisimage,bygroupingtheboxesintorows,columnsorgroups–allinanattempttomakepatternsfromthisimage.Whichavocadohasthepitstillinit?Thatmightjustalldependonyourperspective….YoungLady

Evengiventhesamesensation,thebraincanshifttheparadigmtomeansomethingelse.OrOldLady?Whichdidyouseefirst,thehareortheduck?Thedonkey,ortheseal?CluestoperceptionHowvisualperceptionoperates:DistanceSizeMotionRelationshiptoenvironmentAmesRoomTheillusionofa9fttallgirlisacarefullyconstructedone,butitplaysonseveralsimplestricks.LackofstereoscopicviewLackofdistancecues,theroomisn’tcubicasitappears,butrathertrapezoidal.ExplanationoftheAmesRoomShaperecognition:BasicformusedtoidentifyobjectsSimplelinedrawingscanbeusedtocommunicateessentialaspectsofobjectsorscenes.SuchasthecavepaintingsofLauscaux.Writtenwordsarecomposedofletterswhicharesimplyuniqueconfigurationsoflinesandangles,thereforereadingissimplyshape-processing.PatternRecognition:CrucialtoidentifyinglandmarksMovingthroughabuilding ReadingabookInanygivenfieldexpertsareidentifiedbytheirabilitytorecognizemultiplepatternsatonceandrespondappropriately.

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lteterbyistlef,btuthewrodasawlohe.Therearestillareasofvisualperceptionthatarenotunderstood:Theactualprocessbywhichwetakeshapes,lines,contours,andapplythemtoobjects.HowthemindmovesfromidentifyingtheshapeofanobjecttotheobjectitselfWhatpartaperson’spastknowledge,experiences,expectations,motivesandgoals,influencetheirperception.InfluencesonPerceptionTherehavebeenmanystudiestodeterminetheinfluencesonperceptionNeeds,i.e.hungerandtheambiguouslines.Mood,i.e.hypnosisexperimentwithpictures.Values,thefootballexampleDartmouthVPrinceton.AlsoAge,Gender,PastExperiences,ReligiousBeliefs,Socio-Economicstatus,etc.Realityisconstructedfromsetsofperceptions,andishowweeachviewtheworld.Theseperceptionsarederivedfromthemoststable,andusuallythe

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