不定式的用法課件講義

Grammar--不定式的用法GrammarTofinishsomuchthehomeworkinadayisimpossible.Toseeistobelieve.Mywishistobeadoctor.Iwanttodoitmyself.Wefounditdifficulttoworkwithhim.Healwayshasalotofmeetingstoattend.Heislookingforaroomtolivein.Istudyhardtoservethepeoplewell.Inordernottobelateshetookabus.Grammar----不定式的形式，以（write)為例動詞不定式：（to）+do，具有名詞、形容詞、副詞的特征。主動被動一般式towritetobewritten進(jìn)行式tobewriting

/完成式tohavewrittentohavebeenwritten否定式：not+(to)do1）一般式：不定式的一般式所表示的動作與謂語動詞動作同時發(fā)生或發(fā)生在謂語動詞動作之后。

I'mgladtomeetyou.

Heseemstoknowalot.

Weplantopayavisit.

Hewantstobeanartist.

Thepatientaskedtobeoperatedonatonce.

Theteacherorderedtheworktobedone.（2）進(jìn)行式：不定式的進(jìn)行式所表示的動作與謂語動詞動作同時發(fā)生，例如：

Theboypretendedtobeworkinghard.

Heseemstobereadinginhisroom.

（3）完成式：不定式的完成式表示的動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞動作之前，例如：

Iregrettedtohavetoldalie.

Ihappenedtohaveseenthefilm.

Heispleasedtohavemethisfriend.4.被動式Thepatientaskedtobeoperatedonatonce.

Theteacherorderedtheworktobedone.（1）作主語：

Tofinishtheworkintenminutesisveryhard.Toloseyourheartmeansfailure.動詞不定式短語作主語時，常用it作形式主語例如上面兩句可用如下形式：

It

isveryhardtofinishtheworkintenminutes.

It

meansfailuretoloseyourheart.Grammar----不定式的句法功能常見的帶形式主語it的句型：Itiseasy(difficult,important,possible,necessary,good,kind,wise,foolish…)todosth.Itisapleasure(pity,crime,anhonor…)todosth.Ittakes(sb.)sometimetodosth.2）作表語：

Herjobistocleanthehall.

Heappearstohavecaughtacold.眼見為實.Seeingistobelieve.Toseeisbelieving.Seeingisbelieving.Toseeistobelieve.你要干的事就是盡快把這項工作做完。Allyouhavetodoisfinishthejobquickly.Allyouhavetodois(to)finishthejobquickly.不定式作表語時一般緊跟在系動詞be,seem,remain,appear,get等后面，用來說明主語的內(nèi)容。常見的主語有：

one’sdream,business,wish,idea,plan,job,work,task,duty,whatonewantstodo…（3）作賓語：常與不定式做賓語連用的動詞有：want,hope,wish,offer,fail,plan,learn,pretend,refuse,manage,help,agree,promise,prefer,etc.Freddidn’thaveanymoney,sohedecidedtolookforajob.Hepromisednottotellanyoneaboutit.如果不定式（賓語）后面有賓語補足語，則用it作形式賓語，真正的賓語（不定式）后置，放在賓語補足語后面，例如：

Marxfounditimportantto

studythesituationinRussia.動詞不定式也可充當(dāng)介詞賓語，如：

Ihavenochoicebuttostayhere.

HedidnothinglastSundaybut

repairhisbike.動詞不定式前有時可與疑問詞連用，如：

Hegaveussomeadviceon

howtolearnEnglish.

4）作賓語補足語：

在復(fù)合賓語中，動詞不定式可充當(dāng)賓語補足語，如下動詞常跟這種復(fù)合賓語：want,wish,ask,tell,order,beg,permit,help,advise,persuade,allow,prepare,cause,force,callon,waitfor,invite

有些動詞如make,let,see,watch,hear,feel,have等與不帶有to的不定式連用，但改為被動語態(tài)時，不定式要加to,如：

Isawhimcrosstheroad.

Hewasseentocrosstheroad.（7）作狀語：Eg.Heisluckytogethereontime.Becarefulnottocatchacold.Theystartedearlysoastocatchthefirstbus.Ihurriedtogetthereonlytofindhimout.Theypartednevertoseeeachother.Hestudiedhardonlytofail.①表目的：

Heworkeddayandnighttogetthemoney.

Shesoldherhairtobuythewatchchain.注意不定式放句首時，邏輯主語與句子主語要一致：

wrong：Tosavemoney,everymeanshasbeentried.

right：Tosavemoney,hehastriedeverymeans.

wrong：TolearnEnglishwell,adictionaryisneeded.

right：TolearnEnglishwell,heneedsadictionary.②表結(jié)果：

Hearrivedlatetofindthetraingone.常用only放在不定式前表示強調(diào)：

Ivisitedhimonlytofindhim.

③表原因：

Theywereverysadtohearthenews.④表程度：

It'stoodarkforustoseeanything.

Thequestionissimpleforhimtoanswer.⑤作獨立成分：

Totellyouthetruth,Idon'tlikethewayhetalked.⑥不定式的省略：保留to省略do動詞。

Ifyoudon'twanttodoit,youdon'tneedto.⑦不定式的并列：第二個不定式可省略to。

Hewishedtostudymedicineandbecomeadoctor.為了避免重復(fù)，作賓語的不定式第二次出現(xiàn)時往往省略，只保留不定式符號。在want,wish,hope,like,hate,plan,try,love

等詞后。Eg.Youcantryitagainifyouwantto.--Haveyoulistenedtothemusic?--No,butIplanto.2.在haveto,oughtto,need后面。Eg.Ididn’twanttobotheryou,butIhadtoasIforgottheaddress.3.在beableto,usedto,begoingto后面。Eg.Mr.Liplannedtocomebuthewasn’tableto.Shanghaiisnotthecityasitusedto.Grammar--不定式的省略4.當(dāng)介詞but,except,besides前面有實義動詞do時，不定式在介詞之后可以省去to。敵人除了投降surrender之外，別無出路。Theenemycandonothingbut______________.Theenemyhadnothingtochoosebut_____________.除了看小說之外，他還喜歡別的嗎？Whatdoesheliketodobesides__________novels?Whatdoeshelikebesides____________novels?Exercise1Robertissaid___abroad,butIdidn’tknowwhatcountryhestudiedin.

AtohavestudiedBtostudyCtobestudyingDtohavebeenstudying2Thepurposeofnewtechnologiesistomakelifeeasier,___itmoredifficult.AnotmakeBnottomakeCnotmakingDdonotmake3.I’veworkedwithchildrenbefore,soIknowwhat___inmynewjob.A.expectedB.toexpectCtobeexpectingDexpects4Havingatripabroadiscertainlygoodfortheoldcouple,butitremains___whethertheywillenjoyit.A.toseeB.tobeseenC.seeingD.seen5.ItissaidinAustraliathereismorelandthanthegovernmentknows____.A.itwhattodowithB.whattodoitwith

C.whattodowithitD.todowhatwithit6.Pauldoesn’thavetobemade___