引力波源宇宙原初引力波課件

1Gravitational-wavestandardsirensasaprobeofcosmologyWenZhaoDepartmentofAstronomyUniversityofScienceandTechnologyofChinaBasedon:WZ,VanDenBroeck,Baskaran&Li,Phys.Rev.D83,023005(2011)提綱引力波源與引力波探測器引力波源作為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)鈴聲在宇宙學(xué)中的應(yīng)用2引力波源與引力波探測器宇宙學(xué)的“引力波源”

宇宙原初引力波(PGW)，宇宙弦產(chǎn)生引力波，早期宇宙相變產(chǎn)生引力波“超大質(zhì)量黑洞”作為引力波源

10^{6}-10^{9}太陽質(zhì)量的雙黑洞系統(tǒng)(SMBH)“中子星、恒星質(zhì)量黑洞”作為引力波源

太陽質(zhì)量的黑洞，中子星雙星系統(tǒng)(BNS&NSBH)3引力波源與引力波探測器45引力波源作為“標(biāo)準(zhǔn)鈴聲”In1986,Schutzfoundthattheluminositydistanceofthebinaryneutronstars(orblackhole)canbeindependentlydeterminedbyobservingtheG.W.generatedbythissystem.IfwecanalsofindtheEMcounterpart,theredshift

canalsobedetermined.

ThusthedL-zrelationcanbeusedtostudytheevolutionofuniverse.Thisistheso-called:standardsirens.

(Schutz,Nature,1986)

characters：1.non-EMmethodtostudythecosmology

2.independentof“cosmicdistanceladder”*測量哈勃常數(shù)

地面的Adv.LIGO，Adv.VIRGO(BNS,NSBH)

*測量宇宙暗能量

地面的EinsteinTelescope(BNS,NSBH)

空間的LISA(SMBBH)

空間的BBO(BNS,NSBH)引力波源作為“標(biāo)準(zhǔn)鈴聲”為什么需要?jiǎng)e的方法來確定“紅移”？

*僅靠引力波的觀測無法(很難)定出紅移*打破波源的“位置參數(shù)”與“內(nèi)秉參數(shù)”之間的耦合6引力波源作為“標(biāo)準(zhǔn)鈴聲”怎樣確定波源的“紅移”？*通過引力波探測器的高空間分辨率，找到波源的宿主星系，通過光譜來確定其紅移（空間引力波探測器）

（Throne,1987;Wen&Chen,PRD,2010）*通過引力潮汐在引力波相位中的體現(xiàn)來確定紅移(5PN)（Messenger&Read,PRL,2012）*找到其光學(xué)對(duì)應(yīng)體來確定紅移，例如伽瑪暴，X射線暴等789在宇宙學(xué)中的應(yīng)用

------1.直接測量哈勃常數(shù)10在宇宙學(xué)中的應(yīng)用

------2.直接測量哈勃參數(shù)的演化11在宇宙學(xué)中的應(yīng)用

------3.區(qū)分暗能量與修改引力理論1213在宇宙學(xué)中的應(yīng)用

------4.探測宇宙暗能量(WZ,vanBroeck,Baskaran&Li,Phys.Rev.D,2011)Since1998,peoplediscoveredtheanacceleratingexpansionoftheuniversebytheobservationsofSNIa.Nowthemainobservationsinclude:SNIa,CMB,BAO,WL,GRBandsoon,whichallsupporttheLCDMmodel.Inthismodel,70%energyistheso-calleddarkenergy,mimicthecosmologicalconstant.Now,manydarkenergymodelsaresuggested:Quinessence,Phantom,Quintom,YMC,HDE,MGandsoon.14DarkEnergyProblemThekeytodistinguishvariousmodelsisbasedontheobservationsofEOS.Inthenearfuture,themainprobesarestillvariousEMmethods:CMB,SNIa,BAO,WL[see“ReportofDETF”fordetails].Problem:Arethereanynon-EMmethod?

(Komatsuetal.2010)15Gravitational-waveDetectorsGround-based:LIGO,VIRGO,GEO,TAMAAdv.LIGO,Adv.VIRGO(2015)ET(2020?)Space-based:LISA(2020?)BBO,DECIGO,ASTROD(GodKnows!)1617ExpandingUniverseandDarkEnergyLetusworkwiththeFLRWuniverses,whicharedescribedbyk=0,1,-1describestheflat,closedandopenuniverse,respectively.Weconsidertheuniverseisfilledbythecolddust(baryonanddarkmatter)anddarkenergywiththeequationofstate(EOS)Inthisuniverse,theHubbleparameteriscalculatedby

18Short-handGamma-rayburstandGravitationalwaves1920EinsteinTelescope21Short-handGamma-rayBurstsWeassumegammaradiationisemittedinanarrowconeatarangeι≤20?.Weonlyconsiderthelowredshiftsourceswithz<2.Totaluncertaintyoftheluminositydistanceisestimatedby

2223GravitationalWaveStandardSirens24Asaconservativeestimation,weassume1000sources(~1/1000ofthetotalsources)willbeobservedbybothEMandGWways.Inadditiontothenumberofthesources,theredshiftdistributionofthesourcesalsoplayacrucialroleforthedetectionofdarkenergy.*uniformdistribution[r(z)=constant]*non-uniformdistribution[r(z)peaksatz=1]

(Schneideretal2001)2526Howtobreaktheparameterdegeneracy?

---PlanckCMBPriorObservationsofCMBarealwaysusedastherequiredpriorforthedetectionofdarkenergy.CMBisverysensitiveforthedeterminationof‘curvature’,‘baryon’and‘darkmatter’,whichisjustcomplementarywithGWmethod.TheFishermatrixforCMBisNow,letuscombinePlanck(CMB)andET(GW)method.NOTE:itisincorrecttosayCMBalonecandetectDE.27ET(GW)&JDEM(BAO)&SNAP(SNIa)

28ConclusionET(GW)providesanewnon-EMmethodforthedetectionofdarkenergy,andthesensitivityisclosetothefutureBAOandSNIamethods.SimilartoBAOandSNIamethods,Planck(CMB)priorplaysacrucialroleforthedarkenergydetectionbyET(GW)method.謝謝！2930Effectsofsources’distribution31DetectingDEbyBAOmethod32DetectingDEbySNIamethod引力波源作為“標(biāo)準(zhǔn)鈴聲”怎樣確定波源的“紅移”？*通過引力波探測器的高空間分辨率，找到波源的宿主星系，通過光譜來確定其紅移（空