Unit 7 International Charities課件教學(xué)講解

譯林版·八年級(jí)下冊(cè)Unit7InternationalcharitiesGrammar學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)1.掌握本課節(jié)新單詞及短語：hold,set,handout,setup3.掌握并能正確運(yùn)用被動(dòng)語態(tài)的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過去時(shí)。2.了解使用被動(dòng)語態(tài)的語境。4.熟悉并能運(yùn)用引出動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者的單詞by。Itisusedasahospital.Itisalsousedasatrainingcentre.

WheredoORBISdoctorsdooperations?

ORBISdoctorsdooperationsontheplane.

奧比斯醫(yī)生在飛機(jī)上動(dòng)手術(shù)。

doactivevoice主動(dòng)語態(tài)

WhatisneededbyORBIStohelpblindpeople?MoremoneyisneededbyORBIStohelpblindpeople.奧比斯需要更多的錢來幫助盲人。isneededpassivevoice

被動(dòng)語態(tài)1.…,andabout80percentofthesecasescanbepreventedandcured.2.Theplaneisalsousedasatrainingcenter.3.Also,localdoctorsandnursesareinvitedonboardtolearnabouteyeoperations.4.…,150patientsareoperatedon.TranslatethefollowingsentenceintoChinese.語態(tài)是動(dòng)詞的一種形式，表示的是主語和謂語之間的關(guān)系。英語中的語態(tài)有兩種：主動(dòng)語態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)。當(dāng)主語是謂語的執(zhí)行者時(shí)，用主動(dòng)語態(tài)。當(dāng)主語是謂語的承受者時(shí)，用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。被動(dòng)語態(tài)e.g.

Wecleantheclassroomeveryday.

我們每天都打掃教室。

Theclassroomiscleaned(byus)everyday.

教室每天都被(我們)打掃。主動(dòng)語態(tài)被動(dòng)語態(tài)判斷：主動(dòng)語態(tài)(A)/被動(dòng)語態(tài)(B);被動(dòng)語態(tài)要?jiǎng)澇鰟?dòng)詞部分．1）MillieandAmytookthelittlecattotheanimalcenteryesterday.2）The79-year-oldmanwassavedoutofafirelastyear.3）Thiskindofcakeiscalledmooncake.4）Peopleuseakeyboardtotypeinformationintothecomputer.5）Thewindowsinourclassroomarecleanedonceaweek.AABBB被動(dòng)語態(tài)的基本結(jié)構(gòu)為“主語+be+及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞”，即:

sb/sth+bedonebe因主語人稱和時(shí)態(tài)的不同要用其適當(dāng)?shù)男问剑赽e后加not可變?yōu)榉穸ńY(jié)構(gòu)。如：

sb./sth.+am/is/are(not)done一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)sb./sth.+was/were(not)done一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)的基本結(jié)構(gòu)為“主語+is/am/are+及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞”。e.g.Thelittleboyislookedafterwellinthekindergarten.Thestreetsarecleanedeveryday.一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)的基本結(jié)構(gòu)為:

主語+was/were+及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞e.g.Thewindowwasbroken.Thoseoldnewspaperswerethrownaway.被動(dòng)語態(tài)的一般疑問句形式是把be提到主語之前，其他成分語序不變，句末用問號(hào)。e.g.Isyourclassroomcleanedeveryday?

Wasthishousebuiltlastyear?主語be動(dòng)詞過去分詞一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)Iamsupported.You/We/TheyareHe/She/ItisIamnotsupported.You/We/TheyarenotHe/She/ItisnotSummary主語be動(dòng)詞過去分詞一般過去時(shí)Iwasnotsupported.You/We/TheywerenotHe/She/ItwasnotIwassupported.You/We/TheywereHe/She/Itwas1.ThecakewaseatenbyDaniel.2.Nancyboughtabookyesterday.3.ThelittledogislookedafterverywellbySimon.4.HeisreadingEnglish.5.Thecomputerisboughtbymyuncle.6.Iamwokenupbymyfathereverymorning.Underlinethepassivevoiceinthefollowingsentences.Noneofthebookswastakenaway.沒有一本書被拿走。動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者是泛指或者不言自明時(shí)。被動(dòng)語態(tài)的基本用法Thetoyisdesignedforchildren.在不知道動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者是誰時(shí)。這款玩具是為孩子們?cè)O(shè)計(jì)的。需要強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)。Mybikewasrepaired.我的自行車修好了。Theproblemwastalkedaboutjustnow.出于委婉或禮貌而避談動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí)。這個(gè)問題剛才被討論過。MrWuislikedbyallofhisstudents.所有的學(xué)生都喜歡吳老師。在被動(dòng)語態(tài)的句子中,如果我們需要指出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者,可以由by引出。有些動(dòng)詞常用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)?？匆韵吕銱ewasborninNanjing.他生于南京。ThemobilephonewasmadeinChina.這部手機(jī)是中國制造的。注意:歌訣：誰做的動(dòng)作不知道，說出誰做的沒必要。

被動(dòng)語態(tài)的構(gòu)成：be+v(p.p.)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)——一般過去時(shí)——

am／is／are+v(p.p.)was／were+v(p.p.)Summary被動(dòng)語態(tài)還可用于某些習(xí)慣用語中，如“據(jù)說”、“據(jù)悉”、“有人說”、“大家說”、“出生于”等

e.g.HewasborninNanjing.他出生在南京。

Itissaidthatthe75-year-oldmancanstilleatthreebowlsofriceforlunch.據(jù)說這位75歲的老人午餐還能吃三碗米飯。注意:主動(dòng)語態(tài)主語She謂語(主動(dòng)式)hurt賓語me.被動(dòng)語態(tài)原賓語改為主語，用語格I謂語(be+p.p)washurtby原主語改為賓格語，用賓格。her.主動(dòng)語態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)的句式轉(zhuǎn)換主動(dòng)語態(tài)主語He謂語(主動(dòng)式)passed間賓me直賓abook.被動(dòng)語態(tài)原直賓Abook謂語(被動(dòng)式)waspassedtomeby原主語(改為賓格)him.原間賓(改為主格)I謂語(被動(dòng)式)waspassed原直賓abookby原主語(改為賓格)him.主動(dòng)+謂語+雙賓語的句式轉(zhuǎn)換e.g.1.Maryfeedsthedogthreetimesaday.→ThedogisfedbyMarythreetimesaday.2.OurclasssetuptheMusicClublastyear.→TheMusicClubwassetup(byourclass)lastyear.3.Didthepolicemancatchthethief?→Wasthethiefcaughtbythepoliceman?

主動(dòng)語態(tài)變被動(dòng)語態(tài)的口訣賓變主，主變賓，by短語后面跟。謂語動(dòng)詞變被動(dòng)，be后“過分”來使用?！癰e”要隨著主語變，人稱時(shí)態(tài)要弄準(zhǔn)。

把主動(dòng)語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)：1.PeoplegrowriceinmanypartsofChina.2.Sheheldacharityshowyesterday.RiceisgrownbypeopleinmanypartsofChina.Acharityshowwasheldbyheryesterday.3.PeopleusuallysendChristmascardsinDecember.

4.Weboughtsomecomputerslastweek.

ChristmascardsareusuallysentbypeopleinDecember.

Somecomputerswereboughtbyuslastweek.TheClass1,Grade8studentsaretalkingaboutthedifferentthingspeoplecandoforthepoor.Lookatthepicturesandhelpthemcompletetheirnotesusingthewordsinbracketsandthepassivevoice.Addthewordbywhennecessary.HelpingothersWhat

theydoeveryyear1.Charityactivities_________________________(plan/tohelpthepoor).areplannedtohelpthepoorLeaflets__________________________________________________(handout/topeopleinthestreet/volunteers).arehandedouttopeopleinthestreetbyvolunteersToysandCDs_____________________(sell/toraisemoney).aresoldtoraisemoneyWhattheydidlastweekNewbooks___________________________________________________________(send/tochildreninpoorareas/theClass1,Grade8students).weresenttochildreninpoorareasbytheClass1,Grade8studentsWarmclothes__________________________(collect/forpoorpeople).werecollectedforpoorpeopleAcharityshow_____________________________(hold/theStudents’Union).washeldbytheStudents’UnionBAmyandDanielaretalkingaboutcharities.Completetheirconversationwiththewordsinbracketsusingthepassivevoice.Amy:I’mreadingabookaboutOxfam.Daniel:Really?Pleasetellmeaboutit.Amy:OK.Oxfam___________(setup)intheUKin1942,andthefirstOxfamshop___________(open)in1948.Nowithasabout15,000shopsallovertheworld.Alotofthings_________(sell)inOxfamshops,includingbooks.Themoney_______(use)byOxfamtohelppoorpeople.Daniel:That’sgood.TherearealsosomecharityprojectsinChina.Oneofthem________(call)ProjectHope.It____________(start)in1989.Withitshelp,millionsofpoorchildrenalloverthecountry__________(give)basiceducation.Amy:Yea.Manyschools__________(build)inpoorareaseachyear.

wassetupwasopenedaresoldisused

iscalled

wasstartedweregivenarebuilt用動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)填空:English____________(speak)bymanypeople.Thetrees_______________(plant)bythem.Thatbuilding_________(build)twoyearsago.Thiskindofcomputer________(make)inChina.Thegames__________(sell)inmayshops.isspokenwereplantedwasbuiltismadearesold用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給動(dòng)詞的正確形式填空1.It'ssaid(據(jù)說)thatthelongbridge______________（build）twomonthsago．2.Whichlanguage_______themostwidely_______（speak）intheworld？3.Lastyearalargenumberoftrees______________（cut）down．4.Vegetables,eggsandfruits_________(sell)inthisshop.

5.Theroom_____________(clean)bymeeveryday.

6.Thiskindofshoes__________(sell)well.

7.Thefood_____________(smell)delicious.8.Look!Someone__________(dance).

wasbuiltisspokenwerecutaresoldiscleanedsellssmellsisdancingExercises把下列句子改成被動(dòng)語態(tài):1.Theyhelpedthepoorchildlastweek.2.Wecollectwarmclothesforthepoorpeople.3.Myparentsgivemeabirthdaypresenteveryyear.4.Sheoftentakescareofthelittlegirl.

5.Hemademedothat.6.Ioftenseehimsingsongsinthepark.

Thepoorchildwashelpedbythemlastweek.Warmclothesarecollectedforthepoorpeoplebyus.Iamgivenabirthdaypresentbymyparentseveryyear.Abirthdaypresentisgiventome

bymyparent