句法結(jié)構(gòu)梳理

句法結(jié)構(gòu)梳理第一部分基本句架_、主語+系動詞+表語（系動詞由tobe構(gòu)成）Hewasanengineer. 他曾是位工程師。Myfatherisingoodhealth.我父親身體挺好的。ThatisallIwanttosay. 這就是我想說的。Friendsaremanybuttruefriendsarerare. 朋友多但真正的朋友并不多。I’mnotsureaboutthat. 我對那事沒把握。TheresultsarewhatIexpected. 這結(jié)果是我預(yù)料到的。Thedifferencebetweenvictoryanddefeatistheslightlyofmargin.勝利和失敗只是毫厘之差。Seeingisbelieving. 眼見為實。Yourhelphasbeenofgreatvalue. 你的幫助很大。Iamthefirstchildinmyfamilytoattendcollege.我是家里第一個上大學(xué)的孩子。Yourtaskistofinishthejobwithintwodays. 你們的任務(wù)是在兩天內(nèi)完成此項工作。系動詞前有助動詞或情態(tài)動詞Hewillbeinchargeoftheproject. 他將負(fù)責(zé)這項工程。Johncanbeyourguideduringtheholiday. 約翰可在假期為你作導(dǎo)游。LittleTomwasabletodothejobalone. 小湯姆能獨立做這個工作。Ofthreepeoplewhotraveltogether,theremustbesomeonewho_canbemyteacher. 三人行必有我?guī)煛edcolormaybfiasymbolfordanger. 紅色也許是危險的信號。能起系動詞作用的動詞Thepieceofsilkfeelssoft.這塊綢料手感柔軟。Hewentachildandreturnedanoldman.他走時還是個孩子，歸來已是老人。Theproblemseemedquiteeasy,butitsoonappearedverydifficult.問題似乎很簡單，但很快就顯現(xiàn)出它的難度。NowIcanresteasysinceIhavewonthegoodresult.我獲得了好成績現(xiàn)在可以放心了。Throughhiseffort,hiswishcametrue. 通過努力他的愿望實現(xiàn)了。Weremainedfriends.我們?nèi)匀皇桥笥?。二、主語+謂語結(jié)構(gòu)（行為動詞）（一）行為動詞為及物動詞：主語+謂語+賓語+補語+狀語Iwillhavehimdothejob. 我要讓他做這個工作。Doyoufeelthehouseshaking? 你覺得房子在晃動嗎？Theypaintedthedoorwhite. 他們把門涂成了白色。Themusicreachesthedepthsofmysoul. 音樂觸及我的靈魂深處。Abrightsmilehelpsyoucommunicatewithothers. 燦爛的微笑有助于你和他人交往。及物動詞有被動結(jié)構(gòu)Hewaswarnednottobelate.他被警告不要遲到。Shewasbelievedhonest.相信她是誠實的。Teaisgenerallyservedat3o’clock. 一般是三點鐘供應(yīng)茶水。Thewindowswereshuttightagainsttherain. 為防雨窗子關(guān)得很緊。Ourofficerswereequippedwithup-to-minutecomputers. 我們辦公室裝備了最新式的電腦。Hewasaccusedofneglectinghisduties. 他被指控瀆職。（二）行為動詞是不及物動詞Trafficaccidentusuallyhappenedwhenpeoplearenotcarefulenough.發(fā)生交通事故往往是人們大意的時候。Insummerthetemperaturesometimesrisesashighas39°C. 夏天溫度可達(dá)39度。Soundtravelsat340metrespersecondinair.聲速每秒340米。Theroadextendsfortwomiles. 這條路延伸2英里。Onecan’tsucceedunlesshetried. 人要努力才能成功。三、Therebe句型Theremustbereasonsforhislate. 他來晚了必有原因。Therewillbemuchworktobedone.將有許多工作要做。Therehavebeengreatchangesinthecitysincelastyear.去年以來這座城市變化很大。TherearelikelytobemoredifficultiesthanIimagine.困難可能比我想象的要多。Therebeingnothingelsetodo,wewenttothelibrary. 沒有別的事可做，我們就去圖書館。Hehasreadallthereferencebooksthereareonthesubject.（therebe作定語從句）他已閱讀了所有論述這個題目的參考書籍。Wherethereislife,thereishope.哪里有生命，哪里就有希望。第二部分句子的種類陳述句、疑問句、祈使句、感嘆句一、簡單句簡單句的五種基本句型：?主語+謂語?主語+謂語+賓語?主語+聯(lián)系動詞+表語?主語+謂語+間接賓語+直接賓語?主語+謂語+賓語+賓語補足語簡單句的五種句例Webreathe.我們呼吸。Thetaskincludessweepingthefloorandcleaningthewindows. 任務(wù)包括拖地板和擦窗子。Thedirectionischangeable.方向是可變的。Myfatherboughtmeacomputer. 父親給我買了一部電腦。You5ilhaveteaserved. 會提供茶水給你的。陳述句Theearlybirdcatchestheworm.勤能補拙。Safetycomesfirst.安全第一。Hedidnotseemtobeready.他似乎沒有準(zhǔn)備。Thiswillneverdo.這絕行不通。HespentalargepartofhisyouthinBeijing. 他在北京度過他的大部分青春年華。WeofferthemtheirownroomandaccesstotheInternet. 我們提供給他們自己的房間并能上網(wǎng)。祈使句LeaveitwithmeandI’llseewhatIcando. 把它留給我，看看我能做什么。TakethingsastheyareandyouJiienjoyeverydayofyourlife. （如能做到）隨遇而安，你會每天都生活得很快樂的。Helpotherswheneveryoucanandyouwillmaketheworldanicerplacetolivein能幫助別人時盡力去幫，這樣你就能生活在更加美好的世界里。感嘆句Whatawfulweathertoday!HowawfUlitistoday!Howdifficulttheproblemis!Whatastupidsuggestion!Whatbeautifulclothesshewears!Whatapleasureitistoseethesun!Howlovely!Howbluetheskyis!疑問句一般疑問句Shallwegoforawalk?特殊疑問句Whatdoyouwantwhenyougrowup?選擇疑問句Doyouwantfriedorboiledegg?反意疑問句Weforgottobringourtickets,butpleaseletusenter,willyou?主謂一致Thereareagreatmanyanglestothismatter.看事情有許多角度。Thereinnoenvironmentaldamage. 環(huán)境沒有被破壞。Thenumberofpassengersdoesnotagreewiththeidea. 相當(dāng)數(shù)量的乘客不同意這個主意。Thenumberofcarsisbelow50. 小汽車的數(shù)量不到50輛。Anumberofyoungmenhavegoneabroad. 許多年輕人去了國外。Someofthevisitorsareleaving. 一些來訪者要走了。Oneofthegirlshasseenthestrangerbefore.其中一個小女孩見過這個陌生人。MostofwhathasbeensaidabouttheSmithsisalsotrueoftheJohnsons.大多數(shù)有關(guān)史密斯一家人的說法，和對約翰遜一家的說法一樣。并列句：同等關(guān)系、選擇關(guān)系、轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系、因果關(guān)系、不用并列連詞Heseizesthehourandmakeseveryminutecount.他分秒必爭。Onecannotseetheair,however,itdoesexist.人看不見空氣，然而它確實存在。ThewinterinLondoniscoldandtheskyisalwaysgrey. 冬季的倫敦寒冷，天總是灰蒙蒙的。Shenevercleansorevenofferstowashthedishes.她從不干清潔的活即或是刷碗碟之類。Notonlythecomputercanstorethedata,butitcanalsoanalyzethem.計算機(jī)不僅能儲存數(shù)據(jù)還能進(jìn)行分析。Eitheryouusedthewrongwords,oryouwerenotcarefulenough.你不是用錯了單詞，就是不夠細(xì)心。Theircarwasbiggerandthereforemorecomfortable. 他們的轎車大些，所以更加舒適。Thebosspromisedawageincreasetotheworkers,soonhedidit.老板答應(yīng)給工人加工資，很快就兌現(xiàn)了。邏輯關(guān)系一致（高考試題）Whilewatchingtelevision,A.thedoorbellrangB.thedoorbellringsC.weheardthedoorbellringD.weheardthedoorbellringsHavingbeenattackedbyterrorists,.A.doctorscametotheirrescueB.thetallbuildingcollapsedC.anemergencymeasurewastakenD.Warningsweregiventotourists插入語詞序（2007全國卷-28）Weallknowthat,,thesituationwillgetworse.A.notifdealtcarefullywith_B.ifnotcarefullydealtwithC.ifdealtnotcarefullywithD.notifcarefullywith二、復(fù)合句1。定語從句⑴TheBeatles,asmanyofyouareoldenoughtoremember,camefromLiverpool披頭士是利物浦人，像你們許多年紀(jì)大的人還記得。（2） Theownerofthecinemaneededtomakealotofimprovementsandemploymorepeopletokeepitrunning,whichmeantspendingtensofthousandsofpounds.電影業(yè)主需要做很大改進(jìn)并雇傭更多的人來使其運轉(zhuǎn)，這意味著要花掉數(shù)萬英鎊。（3） Somepre-schoolchildrengotoadaycarecenter,wheetheylearnsimplegamesandsongs.（2007全國I-22）一些學(xué)齡前兒童前往日托中心，在那里他們可以學(xué)習(xí)一些簡單的游戲和歌曲。（4） Weshouldn’tspendourmoneytestingsomanypeople^mos^ofwhomarehealthy.（2007北京卷-23）我們不該花錢測試這么多人，而這些人大多數(shù)身體健康。（5） I’llgiveyoumyfriend’saddress,whereIcanbereachedmostevenings.（2008北京卷）我給你我朋友的地址，在那里多數(shù)晚上你都可以找到我。

2。名詞性從句（1）賓語從句-Whatdidyourparentsthinkaboutyourdecision?（全國卷2006）-TheyalwaysletmedowhatIthinkIwould.Pleaseremindmewhenhesaidhewasgoing.Imaybeintimetoseehimoff.請?zhí)嵝盐宜麕讜r要走，我會及時送他。Whathereferredtoinhisarticlewasunknowntothegeneralreader.（2007上海卷）他在文章里所提到的東西不為一般讀者所知。Thatmathematicsfindsitsuseineveryscienceisevident.。。。顯而易見4?Whetheranorganismisaplantorananimalsometimestaxesthebrainofabiologist.是否。。。Itisapitythathedidn’tcometoourmeetingyesterday.可惜。。。Itturnedoutthattheexperimentwasasuccess結(jié)果證明。。。（3） 表語從句Seetheflagontopofthebuilding?Thatwaswhatwedidthismorning.（06全國）看見樓頂上的那面旗子了嗎？那時我們今天早上插上去的。Oneadvantageofplayingtheguitaristhatitcangiveyouagreatdealofpleasure?（06上海）彈奏吉他的一個好處是它能給你帶來極大快樂。（4） 同位語從句ThereismuchchancethatBillwillrecoverfromhisinjuryintimefortherace.比爾養(yǎng)好傷，及時參賽的可能性較大。（06天津）AlongwiththeletterwashispromisethathewouldvisitmethiscomingChristmas.與這封信一起的還有他的承諾，就是他在即將來臨的圣誕節(jié)要來看我。（04上海春季卷）3.Astorygoes3.Astorygoesth’rmtElizabethIofEnglandlikednothingmorethanbeingsurroundedbycleverandqualifiednoblemenatcourt.據(jù)說英國伊麗沙白一世那時最喜歡的不過是在宮廷內(nèi)有聰明、有貴族資格的人圍繞。（04上海卷）It’sbasedontheideathatallpeoplearecreatedequal.這是建立在所有人同等被開發(fā)的基礎(chǔ)這一理念。Imakeasuggestionthathousesshouldbebuiltforthepeoplewhoreallyneed.我提出的建議是應(yīng)該為真正需要的人建房。Wehavereceivedinformationthatthesteelplantwillbemovedoutofthecity.我們得到信息該鋼廠將搬出本城。There’salwaysapossibilitythathemightgobacktoSeattle.他回到西雅圖去的可能性總是有的。3、狀語從句時間狀語從句(4) 目的狀語從句比較狀語從句地點狀語從句(5)原因狀語從句條件狀語從句原因狀語從句結(jié)果狀語從句讓步狀語從句時間狀語從句Itisdifficultforustolearnalessoninlifeuntilwe5veactuallyhadthatlesson.我們往往在生活中遭受實際挫折后才容易從中汲取教訓(xùn)。Don’tbeafraidofaskingforhelpwhenitisneeded.需要時，盡管求助。Manycropsaregoneforeverbeforeweknewanythingaboutthem. 許多作物在我們來不及了解就永遠(yuǎn)消失了。NosoonerhadIreachedhomethanastormbrokeout. 我剛到家風(fēng)暴就來了。Onceyoubegintheworkyoumustcontinue.工作一旦開始，就得做下去。Dropinwheneveryouhavetime.有空就來呀。EachtimehecametoBeringhewouldstaywithmeforafewdays.他每次來北京總要和我呆上幾天。地點狀語從句Ifyouaretravelingwherethecustomersarereallyforeigntoyourown,pleasedoastheRomansdo.如果你所到之處的風(fēng)俗與你本人確實格格不入，那就請你入鄉(xiāng)隨俗吧。Iworkinabusinesswherealmosteveryoneiswaitingforagreatchance.我做生意的那地方幾乎人人在等大買賣的機(jī)會。原因狀語從句JennywasverysadoverthelossofthephotosshehadshotatCanada,asthiswasamemorysheespeciallytreasured.詹尼損失了她在加拿大拍攝的圖片，非常傷心，因為這是她尤為珍惜的記憶。Icheckedalltheresultstimeandagainforfearthatthereshouldbeanymistakes.我再三核對了所有結(jié)果，惟恐有差錯。Sinceyou’reobviouslyagainstitthere’snopointinpursuingthepossibility.因為你明顯反對此事，那么追求這個可能性就沒有意義了。Iwon’tstaylong,seeingasyou’rebusy.(因為)看見你正忙，我就不多呆了。Becauseshewasveryyoungforheragewedecidednottosendhertoschool. 因為她年紀(jì)太小我們不打算送她去上學(xué)。Thegravestoneswerecoveredwithmosssothatitwasimpossibletoreadthenamesonthem. 墓碑被青苔覆蓋，所以沒法看清上面的名字。

（4）目的狀語從句Rosesneedspecialcaresothattheycanlivethroughwinter. 玫瑰需要特別的呵護(hù)以便它們能過冬。Sheworkedhardsothateverythingwouldbereadyby6o’clock.她很賣力地干以便在6點以前把一切都準(zhǔn)備好。Theytrytofinishthejobinadvanceinorderthattheyhaveenoughtimetodothenext. 他們試圖提前完成工作為了能有足夠時間做下一件事。（5）結(jié)果狀語從句IwassoweakandtiredJhaLIgotontomykneesandstartedmovingacrossthesandsonallfour.我又虛弱有勞累，我只有跪下，開始爬沙地。Popmusicissuchanimportantpartofsocietythatithaseveninfluenceourlanguage.（07上海）通俗音樂是社會如此重要的部分，甚至影響到了我們的語言。（6）方式狀語從句Hedidnotneedtokeepmovinghouse,ashisfatherhad. 正如他的父親那樣，他不必老是搬家。Youshouldnottreathimasifhewereachild. 你不該把他當(dāng)作小孩子來對待。Thelampsonthesidesofthestreetshinebrightlyasthoughitwereinthedaytime.路旁的燈照耀得如同白晝。（7）比較狀語從句Theuniverseismuchmorecomplicatedthanyouthink. 宇宙要比你想象的復(fù)雜得多。Theywantpeaceasmuchaswedo. 他們和我們一樣希望和平。3.Themoreanation’scompanieslocatefactoriesabroad,thes3.Themoreanation’scompanieslocatefactoriesabroad,thesmalerthecountry’srecordedexportswillbe.一個國家的公司在國外設(shè)立工廠愈多，其可記錄的出口量就愈少。（8）條件狀語從句IfIcanhelpit,Idon’tlikeworkinglateintothenight. （06全國）如果我有辦法我才不愿意工作到深夜。AslongasIknowthemoneyissafe,Ishallnotworryaboutit. （03北京）只要知道那筆錢安全，我就不擔(dān)心了。Asmallcarisbigenoughforafamilyofthree.unlessyouneedmorespaceforbaggage.（08全國卷）Iwon’tcallyou,unlesssomethingunexpectedhappens.（07全國卷）我不會打電話給就，除非發(fā)生了什么意外。IfIcanhelpit,Idon’tlikeworkinglateintothenight.（06全國）如果我有辦法我才不愿意工作到深夜。AslongasIknowthemoneyissafe,Ishallnotworryaboutit.（03北京）只要知道那筆錢安全，我就不擔(dān)心了。Itisknowntoallthatunlessyouexerciseregularly,youwon’tkeepgoodhealth.大家都知道，你要保持身體健康就要有規(guī)律地鍛煉。（05重慶）（9）讓步狀語從句Althoughhehaslimitedtechnicalknowledge,theoldworkerhasalotofexperience.這位老工人雖然技術(shù)知識有限，但經(jīng)驗卻十分豐富。Heisquitecleverthoughheisonlysevenyearsold. 他雖然只有七歲可是十分得聰明。Theoldtowermustbesaved,whateverthecost. 無論付出什么代價也一定要挽救這座古塔。HoweverhardItried,Icouldnotmemorizethetext. 我雖然很用功，但還是記不住課文。Simpleasthequestionmayseem,itisnotatallcommoninnature.這問題似乎簡單，但實質(zhì)上它一點也不普通。Howeverwellpreparedyouare,youstillneedalotofluckinmountainclimbing.（2008上海卷）不論你準(zhǔn)備得多好，登山還是需要很多運氣的。?三、 含it的結(jié)構(gòu)I’dlikeChineseteawithnothinginit. 我想要點中國清茶。Ittakesskillstoplaythepianoverywell. 彈一手好鋼琴需要功夫。Itcostssomuchtorenttheflat. 租一套公寓要花很多錢。Itiseasyforthecomputertomaketheconnectionbetweentwoplaces. 計算機(jī)使兩地聯(lián)系變得容易。I’dappreciateitifyoucouldtellmemore.如果你能在多講些我將十分感激。Itwasstupidofhimtoleavethecarunlocked.他真太傻連車都沒鎖。Wefounditveryhardtogetridofthebadhabit.我們覺得改掉壞習(xí)慣很難。Ihateitwhenpeopletalkwiththeirmouthsfull.我討厭有人講話時嘴里吃東西。Peopleshouldmakeitarulenevertoswimtoofaroutfromthebeach應(yīng)規(guī)定不要在離海灘距離太遠(yuǎn)的地方游泳。Itisrequiredintheregulationsthatyoushouldnottellotherpeoplethepasswordofyoure-mailaccount. 規(guī)定里要求你不應(yīng)該把你的電子帳戶密碼告訴別人。（2008全國卷II-32） ItwasinNewZealandthatElizabethfirstmetMr.Smith.（2008上海卷）Ithasbeenprovedthateatingvegetablesinchildhoodhelpstoprotectyouagainstseriousillnessinlaterlife.四、 倒裝句語法倒裝：Isthisthebookborrowedfromthelibrary?這是不是那本從圖書館借來的書？WhatcanIdoforyou?我能為你做什么？Therestandsanewbridgeinthecenterofthestreets.在街道中央矗立著一座新橋。HadIknownitearlier,Iwouldhavehelpedhim.如果我早知道這事，我就會幫他的。Wereitnotforyourhelp,Iwouldn’tpassthefinalexam.如果不是你的幫助，期末考試我就通不過了。修辭倒裝：Manyadaydidhewasteoverthoseuselessschemes.他為這些無用的計劃費去了多日。Onlyinthiswaycanyouovercomethedifficulties.只有用這種方法才能克服困難。Seldomdoesmymothergooutforavisitbecauseofoldage.母親因年邁很少出訪。Onlythroughconcentratedstudycanshehopetoqualifyfortheaward. 她只有專心研讀，方可有資格獲獎。withconfidencecomessuccess. 成功來自信心。I’vetriedveryhardtoimprovemyEnglish.Butbynomeansistheteachersatisfiedwithmyprogress.（06重慶）NeverinmywildestdreamscouldIimaginethesepeoplearelivinginsuchpoorconditions.（06安徽）SodifficultdidIfindittoworkouttheproblemthatIdecidedtoaskTomforadvice.（06廣東）SomuchofinterestdoesBeijingofferthatmostvisitorssimplyrunoutoftimebeforeseeingitall.（08上海） 北京提供那么多的景點，以至大多數(shù)參觀者就是花上時間也來不及把景點都看了。五、省略句----被省略的部分：主語（祈使句）Cutoffthepowersupplyofthecircuit.Thinkithard,andyou’llfindtheanswer.謂語或謂語的一部分Foodisabsorbed,andwaste（are）eliminated.（Isthere）anythingIcandoforyou?賓語-Dowegetpaidthisweek? -Ihopeso.Istheguestinthehall?-Ican’tsayforcertain（whetherheisornot）.*主語謂