南京大學(xué)MTI2016年考研真題

南京大學(xué)南京大學(xué)MTI2016年考研真題（回憶版）翻譯碩士英語(yǔ)改錯(cuò)原文（來(lái)自BBC）Forauthorsofself-helpguides,nohumanproblemistoogreatortoosmall.Wanttobecomefitter,richerorhappierin2015?Therearebooksforit-shelvesuponshelvesofthem.Hopingforincreasedefficiency,decisivenessandcreativityinthemonthsahead?Therearetitlesforthattoo.AsweknuckledowntoourNewYear ‘sresolutions,we ‘IItu-rrelpdooksstoselfhopingtofindourownbestselvesintheirpages.Butabookneednhectororlectureto‘tleaveitsimprint.Thetruthisthatallgoodliteraturechangesus,andagrowingbodyofresearchsuggestsyoumightdobetterbrowsingthroughfictionforsupportinbattlinglifechallenges.Thinkofitlessasselfhelpthan?shelfhelp‘.Readinghasbeenproventosharpenanalyticalthinking,enablingustobetterdiscernpatterns-ahandytoolwhenitcomestotheoftenbafflingbehaviourofourselvesandothers.Butfictioninparticularcanmakeyoumoresociallyableandempathetic.Lastyear,theJournalofAppliedSocialPsychologypublishedapapershowinghowreadingHarryPottermadeyoungpeopleintheUKandItalymorepositivelydisposedtowardsstigmatisedminoritiessuchasrefugees.Andin2013,psychologistsattheNewSchoolforSocialResearchfoundthatiteraryfictionenhancedpeople‘sabilitytoregisterandreadothers ‘emotions.Wethinkofnovelsasplacesinwhichtoloseourselves,butwhenweemerge,wetakewithusinspirationfromourfavouritecharacters.A2012studybyresearchersatOhioStateUniversityfoundthatthisprocesscouldactuallychangeareader ‘sbehaviour.Inoneexperiment,participantsstronglyidentifyingwithafictionalcharacterwhoovercameobstaclestovoteprovedsignificantlymorelikelytovoteinarealelection.閱讀題原文BeforeLaszloPolgrconceivedhischildren,beforeheevenmethiswife,heknewhewasgoingtoraisegeniuses.He ‘dstartedtowriteabookaboutit.Hesawitmovesahead.Bytheirfirstmeeting,adinnerandwalkaroundBudapestin1965,LaszlotoldKlara,hisfuturebride,howhiskidseducationwouldgo.Hehadstudiedthelivesofgeniusesanddivinedapattern:anadultsingularlyfocusedonthechildsuccess.He‘draisethekidsoutsideschool,withintensedevotiontoasubject,thoughhewasn ‘tsurewhat."Everyhealthychild,"ashelikedtosay,"isapotentialgenius."Geneticsandtalentwouldbenoobstacle.Andhe‘ddoitwithgreatlove.FiftyyearslaterinaleafysuburbofSt.Louis,ImetoneofLaszlo‘sdaughters,SusanPolg ar,thefirstwomanevertoearnthetitleofchessgrandmaster.Forseveralyears,SusanhadledthechessteamofWebsterUniversity—asmallresidentialcollegewithalargeinternationalandonlinefootprint——toconsecutivenationaltitles.Theirspringbreakhadjustbegun,andforthenextfewdays,inabrick-and-glassformerreligiouslibraryturnedchesshall,theteamwoulddrillforafour-teamtournamentinNewYorkCitytodefendthetitle.Thestudents,sportingblue-and-yellowwindbreakersandpolos,huddledaroundacheckedboardofwhiteandblack,aqueen,rook,andpawnstackedinarow.TheyhadstartedwiththeKing‘sIndianDefenseswell-mappedterrain.Nowtheywereinthemidgame.Polgrsat atotheside,behindalaptopsyncedtothegame,algorithmswhirring.Whatshouldbethenextmove?sheasked."Beactiveandconcrete."Joculardebatebrokeout,accentsbetrayingorigins:Ukraine,Azerbaijan,Colombia,Brazil,Cuba,Vietnam,Hungary."Thisisnothuman,"onestudentsaid."Itlooksmagical,"saidanother.Computershavelongsinceoutclassedhumansinchess;they ‘revitalintraining,butheirrecommendedmovescanseemquixotic."No,it'veryhuman,"Polgaassuredthem.Thestudents,mostofthemgrandmasters,grewquiet,searchingthemorethan100,000positionalsituationstheyhadingrainedovertheirlifetimes,exploringpossiblemovesandthefutureproblemstheyimplied—movingdownthedecisiontree.It ‘stheknotattheheartofchess:Eachturn,youmustmove;whenyoumove,aworldofpotentialvanishes."BishopG4?""BishopG4,"Polgrcanfirmed."That‘snotahumanmove!""It ashumanmove,"shesaid."Itactuallyverypretty."Thearrangementisclosetoastrategysheusedbefore,againsthersister."IbeatJuditonthat."Thestudentsmurmured.Thisdemandedrespect.SusanPolgrmaybethafirstwomanevertoearnthegrandmastertitle,butheryoungersisteristhebestfemalechessplayerofalltime.TherearethreePolgrsistfers,Zsuzsa(Susan),Zsofia(Sofia),andJudit:allchessprodigies,raisedbyLaszloandKlarainBudapestduringtheColdWar.Rearingtheminmodestconditions,whereawalktothestationerystorewasagreatevent,thePolgrshomeschooled atheirgirls,defyingaskepticalandchauvinistCommunistsystem.Theylivedchess,oftenpracticingforeighthoursaday.Bytheendofthe1980s,thefamilyhadbecomeaphenomenon:wealthy,starsinHungaryand,whentheyvisitedtheUnitedStates,headlinenews.Thegirlswerenotanexperimentinanyproperform.Laszloknewthat.Therewasnocontrol.Butsoonenough,theirstoryoutgrewtheirlives.Theybecameprimeexamplesinapsychologicaldebatethathasexistedforacentury:Doessuccessdependmoreontheaccidentsofgeneticsorthedecisionsofupbringing?Natureornurture?Initsmostrecentform,thatdebatehasrevolvedaroundtheposition,advaneedbyK.AndersEricsson,apsychologistatFloridaStateUniversity,thatintensepracticeisthemostdominantvariableinsuccess.ThePolgrswouldseemtosuggest:Yes.YoumayhaveheardofEricsson.HisworkwaspopularizedbyMalcolmGladwellinhis2008bestseller,Outliers,whichspawnedthenotionof10,000hoursofpractice,inparticular,asamythicalthresholdtosuccess.Itasculturalfixture.Turnontheradioandyou'lhearamusiciantalkingabout"gettinghis10,000hours"in.Thispopularizationalsocausedabacklash—documentedinDavidEpsteinbookTheSportsGeneandelsewhere—ofresearchersarguingthatgeneticsandotherfactorsareasimportantaspractice.It‘a(chǎn)svalue-ladenstruggle,withpreciousfewfacts.Inaglobalizedworldwherereturnsconcentratetotopperformers,researchshowingtheprimacyofpracticeisahopeful,democraticmessage."ThescientificformulationoftheAmericandream,"asonepsychologisttoldme.ThePolgrsembodythathope.Isitafalsehope?"Truthisnotgoingtobesimple-mindedwhenitcomestogreatness,"saysScottBarryKaufman,aUniversityofPennsylvaniapsychologistwhohastriedtoreworkthetermsofthedebateIt‘sanuancemanydon‘twanttohear.Everyoneremembersthenamesofscientistswhotakeahardlineonthenature-nurturedebate;inacademia,thespoilsandthepressgotothoseontheextremes.ThePolgfistory,inparticular,seemstoyieldaclearlesson."Theworldwantsasimplestory,"Kaufmansays,"andastorythatyoucanapplytoyourownlife."Susan,forone,ishappytoplaytheexemplar.Ifherlifeisevideneeofanything,itthat"nurtureisalotmoreimportantthannature,"shesaidinherofficeafterpractice.Magazinecoversandprizescoatedthewalls,includingablack-and-whitephotoofthesisters,in1989,withGeorgeandBarbaraBush.Sheseesitwithherstudents,shesays.Thebesthavebothtalentandfanaticalpracticehabits.Butifonestudentislazier,talentcan the ‘tcomonewhopracticesmorecomesoutahead.Susanhasneverbeenaccusedoflaziness.FromSt.Louis,sheoverseesasmallchessempire:books,websites,and,ofcourse,herchessteam.Talkingtothepress,whichshe ‘sdealtwithfornearlyherentirelife,shespeakslikeacannypolitician——cautious,mullingtheimplicationsofwhatshemightsay.WebsterrecruitedSusanandsomeofherstudentsfromTexasTechUniversity,whereshehadwontwoconsecutivenationaltitles.ThemovetoWebsterwascontroversial.Botharepartofacommunityofsmalluniversitiesthathavediscoveredthat,byofferingscholarshipstochessplayers,manyofthemfromabroad,theycanraisetheinstitution ‘sacademicprestigeforrelativelylittleexpense.Noneofthecollegeshadpoachedacoachbefore,letalonestudents.Equippedwithcelebrityandinfluenee,Susanisanexcellentrecruiter.Manyofherstudentsarerankedhigherthanher;threehavetoppedevenJudit.Yetdespitetheirgreatindividualskill,theteammembersenjoycamaraderie.Theyvisitthegymtogether.TheyabsorbedthePolgrway."Lifeandchess,theyaresimilarinsomepoints,"AndreDiamant,aBraziliangraduatestudentandtheteam‘slo-tgestedplayer,saidduringabreakfrompractice."Chessplayersknowtheyneedtostudy.Theyneedtowork.Theyneedtoimprove.Andtheydothat.Inlife,theyhavethissamething."You‘reprobablynoddingyourhead.Fewwoulddismissthevalueofhardwork.ButifthereasnagtothePolgrmethodofsuccess,itmightarisefromasimplequestion:Susanandhersistershadsimilarchildhoods.SowhywasJuditsomuchbetter?作文IfyouweretochooseacompulsorycoursetothestudentsofuniversityinChina,whatcourseyouwillchoose?Why?翻譯碩士英語(yǔ)翻譯基礎(chǔ)短語(yǔ)翻譯（十個(gè)英譯漢十個(gè)漢譯英，三個(gè)句子）CPU,OPEC,UNESCO,IMF,YOGEuromart,Guinnessbookofrecords,worldintellectualpropertyorganization,Celeblog,I-steel海選，對(duì)口支援，可持續(xù)發(fā)展，綠色食品，國(guó)家資產(chǎn)安全，戰(zhàn)略伙伴關(guān)系，打假，真人秀，貨到付款，短語(yǔ)基本是往年的詞匯，比較簡(jiǎn)單，注意往年的真題就行了，句子三個(gè)不難，我也記不清了英譯漢Eversince1973,theenergypolicypendulumhasswungwithdepressingregularityfromcrisistoglutandbackagain.Asteadyrestingpointsomewherebetweenhasnotbeenreached.Thatwouldbeapointatwhichtransientfluctuationsinoilpriceswerenotjarring,andatwhichU.S.policywouldaccepttherealityofapermanentshiftfrom$3-a-barreloilto$30-a-barreloil.Nowweareintheglutphase.Producersarebeingforcedtodroppricessharply.Andonceagainwehearthattheenergycrisisisover.Itisnot.Economicrecoveryalonewouldsoakupmuchoftheexcessintheoilmarket.AnotherwarorrevolutionintheGulf whichanyprudentpersonmustconsiderpossible couldsendtheoil-importingnationsbackintocrisis.IntheUnitedStates,importshavedroppedbyhalfinthepastcoupleofyears.Domesticproductionisup,andconsumptionisdown.TheadministrationusesthisimprovementtobuttressitscasefordissolvingtheEnergyDepartment.Buttheappearaneeoflessvulnerabilitytosupplyinterruptionsisdeceptiveanddangerous.SomeimportantchangesinU.S.energyusehaveoccurred.Thepriceofoilhasbeendecontrolled,thestrategicpetroleumreserveisfinallybeingfilled,industryisusingenergymuchmoreefficientlyandthegasguzzlerisanendangeredspecies.Butthepriceofnaturalgasisstillartificiallylow,consumersstillhavenoreliablesourceofhelpforreducingenergyuseintheirhomes,masstransitcomparedwiththatofotheradvaneednationsisterrible,andthelackofasubstantialgasolinetaxkeepthatunchanged.Nevertheless,theReaganadministrationarguesthathigherenergypriceshaveledtoenergyconservationandthatthereisthereforenoreasonforfurtherfederalsupportofresearchandotherconservationprograms.Buttherealissueishowmuchofwhatwouldbeeconomicallybeneficialisnothappening,andwillnothappen,undercurrentpolicies.Domosttypesofenergyusetechnologiesforsupplyanddistribution,consumerinformation,manufacturingprocessesandtherest reflecttherealityofexpensiveenergyorthe