常用委婉語課件

Euphemism

EuphemismDefinitionWhydoweuseeuphemism?Introductionofeuphemism.Thechangeoftheeuphemism.DefinitionEuphemism:“eu”means“well”or“soundinggood”and“pheme”means“speech”.ItisacommonlinguisticphenomenonintheEnglishlanguage.Itismild,agreeable,orroundaboutwordusedinplaceofcoarse,painful,oroffensiveone.Whydoweuseit?Consideredtobetabooandspecificunpleasantnesses:illness,death,excretion[ek'skri:??n],andsex.Sensitivetopic:intelligence,age,weight,poverty.Manyunwelcomeprofessions.hairdresserturnsintobeauticianPolicyexpression:usedinpoliticalaffairsSelf-effacing:akindofanteuphemism.“Yourhumbleservant.”Humorous:toenhancetheperformanceofwords“OldNewtontookhim”IntroductionDeathtogototheheaven(上天堂去了)；togotoabetterworld（到極樂世界去了）：tomakeone‘sexit（退場）topayone’sdebttonature(向大自然還債了)；topassaway(去世了)；tickthebucket（翹辮子）turnupone’stoes（伸腳趾）tobreatheone’slast(咽氣了）;togotoone‘slonghome（回到永久之家）;toreturntodust（歸之塵土）tobeasleepintheArmsofGod（安睡在上帝的懷中）Somethingisrelatedtodeathcoffin（棺材）boxgrave-yard（墓地）sleepingplacememorygarden陵園funeral（葬禮）memorialservice（追思禮拜）

IllnessAidssocialdisease(艾滋病)Cancerterminalillness（絕癥）/CLeprosyHansen’sdisease（麻風(fēng)?。㏕uberculosisT.B（肺結(jié)核）BodyodorB.O(狐臭)Constipation(便秘）irregularity(紊亂)Acne(痤瘡)problemskinvenerealdisease（性病）V.D.sexmakelove：haverelationwithgotobedwithdoitsleeparoundsleeptogetherliewithsomebodyrollinthehayPregnantpreparingthebassinet（本義）準(zhǔn)備搖籃rattleshopping（本義）采購?fù)婢遰ehearinglullabies（本義）練唱催眠曲tospoilawoman'sshape（本義）壞了女子體型tosprainanankle（本義）扭傷腳踝toswallowawatermelonseed（本義）吞了顆西瓜子waitingforthepatteroflittlefeet（本義）等帶小腳丫聲toweartheapronhigh（本義）圍裙系高awaitingwoman（本義）等待中的婦女

eatingfortwo（本義）吃雙份飯fullofheir（本義）懷有繼承人tohaveahumpinthefront（本義）前身有塊隆肉tohaveonewatermelononthevine（本義）藤上有瓜了tohaveoneontheway（本義）有人要來inabadshape（本義）身體不佳inacertaincondition（本義）身處某種狀態(tài)inadelicatecondition（本義）身體虛弱ina(the)familyway（本義）家常打扮inafamiliarway（本義）熟悉地inaparticularcondition（本義）處于特殊狀態(tài)irregularity（本義）不規(guī)則現(xiàn)象toknockup（本義）敲門叫人lady-in-waiting（本義）有所期待的女子tolearnallaboutdiaperfolding（本義）學(xué)疊尿布amother-to-be（本義）未來的母親cancelsocialengagement（取消社交活動）excretiontobecaughtshort(本義）給了個冷不妨thecallofnature(本義）自然的需要CanIaddsomepowder?(本義）我可以茶點(diǎn)粉嗎?tocash(write)acheck(本義）兌(開)張支票todoajobforoneself(本義）做點(diǎn)私事doone‘sbusiness(本義）干自己的活towashone‘shands(本義）洗洗手

toeaseoneself(本義）自我輕松一下toeliminate(本義）逐出evacuation(本義）排空toexcrete(本義）排泄tofindahavenofrest(本義）尋找安息所tofixone'sface(本義）化裝

togointoretreat(本義）去僻靜togosomewhere(本義）出去一下togotoone'sprivateoffice(本義）到私人辦公室去togotobathroom(本義）到洗澡間MayIadjourn?(本義）我可以變換一下地方嗎？MayIpleasebeexcused?(本義）失陪了naturalnecessity(本義）自然的需要naturestop(本義）自然需要停車topluckarose(本義）摘朵玫瑰

powderone'snose(本義）搽點(diǎn)粉torelieveoneself(本義）輕松一下

tofreshenup(本義）梳洗打扮togetsomefreshair(本義）去呼吸一點(diǎn)新鮮空氣togiveoneselfease(本義）使自己舒服一下povertybadlyoff（短缺的）lesswelloff（不太寬裕的）indigent（缺少錢物的）downonone’sluck（時運(yùn)不濟(jì)）hardupformoney（缺錢）indifficulty（處于困境）underprivileged（經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況低下的）disadvantage（處于不利地位的）have-nots（不富有的人）amanofmodestmeans（財產(chǎn)不多的人）negativesaver（積蓄為負(fù)值的人）backwardnations（滯后國家）underdevelopednations（欠發(fā)達(dá)國家）developingnations（發(fā)展中國家）emergingnations（新興國家）thethirdworld（第三世界）

DevelopingcountryDescribeapersonOld：seniorcitizen、thelonger-lived、maturegoldenage、elderlyoradvancedinage（高壽）secondchildhood(第二童年)養(yǎng)老院：aresthome（休養(yǎng)所）、aprivatehospital（私人醫(yī)院）、anursinghome（護(hù)理之家）Fat：chubby、strong、portly、mature、putonweight（發(fā)了福）、plumpUgly：plain、ordinaryImbecile：educable（可教育的）、trainable（可培訓(xùn)的）

Theydonnotusecrippled(瘸)、blind(瞎)、deaf(聾)、dumb(啞)todescribeaperson.Theyusethehandicappedordisabled(殘疾人)

speech-impairedProfessionshoemakershoerebuilder重整鞋dishwasherutensilmaintenance器皿保全工garbagecollectorsanitationengineer清潔工butchermeattechnologist肉類技術(shù)專家hair-dressercosmetologist美發(fā)師undertakerfuneraldirector殯儀負(fù)責(zé)人Prostitutepavementprincess馬路天使

Washwomanclothingrefresher清理衣服者dogcatcheranimalcontrolwarden動物控制人員busboysanitarians衛(wèi)生保持人員pressmanpressoperator印刷工secretaryadministrativeassistant秘書foreman工頭，領(lǐng)班supervisor領(lǐng)導(dǎo)PoliticalaffairInVietnamWar:

logisticalstrikes（后勤行動）closeairsupport（近距空中支援)airoperation（空中手術(shù)）groundoperation（地面手術(shù)）bombardment

wastingtheenemy（消耗敵人）

collateraldamage（附帶損傷）

civiliancasualties（平民傷亡）Thechangeoftheeuphemism.Thechangesoflanguagedependontheneedandchangesofthesociety.Andeuphemismundergoesaprocessofmetabolism.Itbearsamarkedbrandoftimes.Example1“Sheispregnant”hasmanydifferenteuphemisticexpressionsindifferenttimes.(