2013年中考英語(yǔ)第一輪復(fù)習(xí)課件語(yǔ)法精析8講簡(jiǎn)單句并列句和復(fù)合句

英語(yǔ)2013年浙江中考第一輪復(fù)習(xí)第八講 簡(jiǎn)單句、并列句和復(fù)合句中考對(duì)句子類型的考查主要有以下幾點(diǎn)：簡(jiǎn)單句的五種基本句型；并列句中連詞的正確選擇；賓語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞、時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)序問(wèn)題；狀語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞的選擇以及主從句在時(shí)態(tài)上的一致性；定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的選擇。1．概念以及句型特點(diǎn)(1)概念：簡(jiǎn)單句就是句子中只包含一個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu)的句子。

(2)句型特點(diǎn)：主語(yǔ)＋謂語(yǔ)注意

它只包含一個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu)，而且句子的各個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)都只用單詞短語(yǔ)表示。2．簡(jiǎn)單句的分類

(1)主謂型(S＋Vi)在這類簡(jiǎn)單句中，充當(dāng)謂語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞為不及物動(dòng)詞。知識(shí)點(diǎn)一簡(jiǎn)單句注意

一些符號(hào)以及對(duì)應(yīng)的含義如下所示：S：主語(yǔ)

P：表語(yǔ)Vi：不及物動(dòng)詞

O：賓語(yǔ)Vt：及物動(dòng)詞

C：賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)答案：B(3)主謂賓型(S＋Vt＋O)此類簡(jiǎn)單句中，句子的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為及物動(dòng)詞，其后接名詞、代詞或相當(dāng)于名詞的詞、短語(yǔ)或句子作賓語(yǔ)。答案：D(4)主謂雙賓型(S＋Vt＋O＋O)此類簡(jiǎn)單句中，謂語(yǔ)是可以帶雙賓語(yǔ)的及物動(dòng)詞，如give,pass,lend,make,show,buy,teach

等。間接賓語(yǔ)一般是人，直接賓語(yǔ)一般是物。間接賓語(yǔ)通常位于直接賓語(yǔ)之前。注意

如果直接賓語(yǔ)位于間接賓語(yǔ)之前時(shí)，間接賓語(yǔ)前須加介詞

to

或

for。(5)主謂賓補(bǔ)型(S＋Vt＋O＋C)此類簡(jiǎn)單句中，作謂語(yǔ)的如果是make,keep,want,

hear,listen

to,look

at,

watch,notice,feel,let,have,see,tell,ask,find

等及物動(dòng)詞，其后常接形容詞、副詞或動(dòng)詞不定式、分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。答案：A1．概念以及句型特點(diǎn)概念：并列句是由兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的簡(jiǎn)單句連接而成的。并列句中的各簡(jiǎn)單句意義同等重要，相互之間不是從屬關(guān)系，而是平行并列的關(guān)系。它們之間用連詞連接。句型特點(diǎn)：簡(jiǎn)單句＋并列連詞＋簡(jiǎn)單句2．以常用連接詞為線索剖析并列句常用的連接詞有以and,or,but,so

為代表的四大類。以and

為代表的表示意義延伸的并列連詞此類并列連詞包括and(和；同),not

only...but(also)．..(不但……而且……),and

then(那么)等。He

helps

me

andhe

also

helps

others.他幫助我，也幫助別人。She

not

only

gave

us

a

lot

of

advice,

but

also

helped

us

to

overcome

difficulties.她不僅給我們很多建議，而且還幫助我們克服了困難。以or

為代表的表示選擇概念的并列連詞此類并列連詞包括or(或者；否則),either...or...(或者……或者……),otherwise(否則)等。

Hurry

up,

or

we'll

be

late.快點(diǎn)，否則我們要遲到了。Either

you

come

to

my

home

or

I

get

to

yours.要么你到我家，要么我到你家。知識(shí)點(diǎn)二并列句注意

“祈使句＋or＋簡(jiǎn)單句”可以轉(zhuǎn)換為“if＋否定句＋簡(jiǎn)單句”，如上面例句可以轉(zhuǎn)換為：If

we

don't

hurryup,

we'll

be

late.答案：B答案：C(4)以so

為代表的表示因果關(guān)系的并列連詞

此類并列連詞包括so(因此；所以),for(因?yàn)?。Mike

didn't

come

to

school,for

he

wasill.邁克沒(méi)有來(lái)上學(xué)，因?yàn)樗×?。He

works

hard,

so

he

is

a

top

student

of

class.因?yàn)樗麑W(xué)習(xí)努力，所以是班上最優(yōu)秀的學(xué)生。1．概念以及句型特點(diǎn)(1)概念：復(fù)合句由一個(gè)主句和一個(gè)或一個(gè)以上的從句構(gòu)成。

(2)句型特點(diǎn)：主句＋從句或從句＋逗號(hào)＋主句主句和從句都有完整的主謂結(jié)構(gòu)，但主句是全句的主干，從句只是主句的一個(gè)成分，從句不能獨(dú)立存在。2．分類從句在句子中作什么句子成分就叫什么從句，如作賓語(yǔ)的叫賓語(yǔ)從句，作狀語(yǔ)的叫狀語(yǔ)從句，作定語(yǔ)的叫定語(yǔ)從句等。知識(shí)點(diǎn)三復(fù)合句一、賓語(yǔ)從句在句中起賓語(yǔ)作用的從句叫賓語(yǔ)從句。有關(guān)賓語(yǔ)從句的考點(diǎn)，多集中在以下六個(gè)方面：1．注意正確使用引導(dǎo)詞當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句由陳述句變化而來(lái)時(shí)，用that

來(lái)引導(dǎo)從句，其中的that

無(wú)具體意義，一般可以省略。He

tells

me

(that)

he

is

going

shopping

this

Sunday.他告訴我說(shuō)本周日他要去購(gòu)物。She

said

(that)

the

bank

was

near

the

hotel.她說(shuō)銀行就在賓館附近。當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句由一般疑問(wèn)句變化而來(lái)時(shí)，可用if

或whether

來(lái)引導(dǎo)從句，意為“是否”。She

asked

me

if

(whether)

she

could

join

us.她問(wèn)我她是否可以加入我們的隊(duì)伍。Hewonderedif(whether)theworkershadfinishedthework.他想知道，工人們是否已經(jīng)完成了工作。答案：A2．注意正確使用語(yǔ)序在含有賓語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句中，賓語(yǔ)從句都要使用陳述語(yǔ)序，即“引導(dǎo)詞＋主語(yǔ)＋謂語(yǔ)＋其他”。When

did

the

train

leave?

I

want

to

know.→I

want

to

know

when

the

train

left.Does

the

shop

close

at

six

every

day?

Do

you

know?→Do

you

know

if/whether

the

shop

closes

at

six

every

day?如果是由do,

does,

did構(gòu)成的疑問(wèn)句，在轉(zhuǎn)換為賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，要去掉do,

does,

did，且從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要根據(jù)主句時(shí)態(tài)作出相應(yīng)的變化。Do

theyoften

play

basketball？He

asked.→He

asked

if

they

often

played

basketball.What

time

did

she

get

up?

The

young

man

asked.→The

young

man

asked

what

time

she

got

up.如果是will,

be,

have,

can

組成的疑問(wèn)句，在變?yōu)橘e語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，需把will,be,

have,

can返回到句中原來(lái)的謂語(yǔ)位置上，并根據(jù)主句時(shí)態(tài)作相應(yīng)的變化。Will

you

be

free

tomorrow？She

asked

me.→Sheasked

me

if

(whether)

Iwould

be

free

the

next

day.Has

she

seen

the

movie

yet?

I

want

to

know.→I

want

to

know

if

(whether)

she

has

seen

the

movie

yet.3．注意正確使用時(shí)態(tài)如果主句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、一般將來(lái)時(shí)或祈使句時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)不受限制，可以根據(jù)實(shí)際表達(dá)的需要來(lái)確定。Could

you

tellme

what

he

said

at

the

meeting?你能告訴我他在會(huì)上說(shuō)了什么嗎？(一般過(guò)去時(shí))He

will

tell

us

that

he

has

been

able

to

look

after

himself.他將告訴我們他已經(jīng)能夠照顧自己了。(現(xiàn)在完成時(shí))Tell

him

when

we

will

start.告訴他我們將什么時(shí)候動(dòng)身。(一般將來(lái)時(shí))如果主句是一般過(guò)去時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)從句應(yīng)與主句保持一致，即使用過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)的某種形式。

He

said

that

he

was

born

in

Wuhan

in

1985.他說(shuō)他于1985

年出生在武漢。They

said

that

they

had

already

finished

the

work.他們說(shuō)他們已經(jīng)完成了工作。答案：D(3)如果賓語(yǔ)從句所敘述的是客觀事實(shí)、格言、科學(xué)真理等時(shí)，從句時(shí)態(tài)不受主句限制，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。Everyone

knew

there

are

sixty

minutes

in

an

hour.大家都知道一小時(shí)是60

分鐘。(客觀事實(shí))

She

said

that

two

heads

are

better

than

one.她說(shuō)三個(gè)臭皮匠賽過(guò)一個(gè)諸葛亮。(格言)He

said

that

light

travels

faster

than

sound.他說(shuō)光比聲音傳播得快。(科學(xué)真理)4．否定前移在賓語(yǔ)從句中，當(dāng)主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為think(認(rèn)為),believe(相信),expect(期望),imagine(想象),suppose(猜測(cè))等時(shí)，如果主句主語(yǔ)為I(we)時(shí)，從句中表示否定意義的not

應(yīng)移到think,believe,

expect,imagine,

suppose

前。I

don't

think

he

is

right.

我認(rèn)為他不對(duì)。I

don't

suppose

he

will

come.

我猜測(cè)他不會(huì)來(lái)。注意

如果主句主語(yǔ)不是

I(we)，則

not

不前移。She

thinks

her

answer

is

right.她認(rèn)為她的答案正確?！鶶he

thinks

her

answer

isn't

right.她認(rèn)為她的答案不正確。二、狀語(yǔ)從句1．概念以及句型特點(diǎn)(1)概念：狀語(yǔ)從句在復(fù)合句中作狀語(yǔ)，修飾主句中的動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞等。

(2)句型特點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句可以放在主句之前，也可以放在主句之后。放在主句之前時(shí)，常用逗號(hào)與主句分開(kāi)；放在主句之后時(shí)，不用逗號(hào)。2．分類及引導(dǎo)詞狀語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)詞時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句when,

while,

as,

before,

after,

until(till),

as

soon

as,

since條件狀語(yǔ)從句if,

unless原因狀語(yǔ)從句because,

as,

since結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句so...that...,

such...that...目的狀語(yǔ)從句so

that,

in

order

that讓步狀語(yǔ)從句though,

although,

even

if,

even

though,

no

matter...比較狀語(yǔ)從句than,

as...as...答案：Dwhile

引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句連詞while

的意思是“當(dāng)……時(shí)”，while

引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。如果從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，則須用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。while若出現(xiàn)在過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的句子中，結(jié)構(gòu)一般是“while

＋過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)，一般過(guò)去時(shí)”。While

I

was

shopping,

the

UFO

landed.我購(gòu)物的時(shí)候，不明飛行物降落了。as引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句as

引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，表示“當(dāng)……時(shí)”或“一邊……一邊”，主句和從句的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。As

the

children

walked

along

the

lake,

they

sang

happily.孩子們一邊沿著湖走，一邊愉快地唱歌。As

he

was

a

child,

he

began

to

learn

toplay

the

piano.當(dāng)他還是個(gè)小孩的時(shí)候，他就開(kāi)始學(xué)彈鋼琴了。注意

as

引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)與主句的主語(yǔ)常為相同的人或物。答案：B5．a(chǎn)fter

引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句此時(shí)主句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在從句動(dòng)作之后。After

he

locked

the

door,

he

left.他鎖上門后離開(kāi)了。注意

after

引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)與主句的主語(yǔ)常為相同的人或物，如果主句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在從句之后，可以轉(zhuǎn)換為

not...until(before)．..引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。He

left

the

classroom

after

he

finished

his

homework.→He

didn't

leave

the

classroom

until

(before)he

finished

his

homework.他完成作業(yè)后才離開(kāi)教室。6．until(till)引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句until

意思是“直到……”，主從句都是肯定句，主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，此時(shí)until＝till。表示“直到……才……”時(shí)，主句用否定句，從句用肯定句，主句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。They

worked

until

(till)

it

was

dark.他們一直工作到天黑。I

didn't

go

to

bed

until

she

came

back.直到她回來(lái)我才睡覺(jué)。注意

until與

till引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，通常可以交換使用，但如果從句在句首，則只能使用

until。Until

he

went

there

he

didn't

know

that.直到他到那兒，他才知道那件事。答案：A7．a(chǎn)s

soon

as

引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句as

soon

as

意思是“一……就……”。Assoon

ashecameintotheroom,I

wouldtell

him

thatthing.他一走進(jìn)房間，我就告訴他那件事。Please

write

to

us

as

soon

as

you

get

there.你一到那兒，就請(qǐng)給我們寫信。I'll

come

to

see

you

as

soon

as

I

arrive

there.我一到那兒，就去看你。注意

assoonas

引導(dǎo)的從句為時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，當(dāng)主句是一般將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)，從句要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。He

will

return

the

book

as

soon

as

he

finishes

it.他一看完這本書就去歸還。答案：A8．since

引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句since

意思是“自從……”，它引導(dǎo)的從句中的動(dòng)詞多用過(guò)去式，表示動(dòng)作的起點(diǎn)。主句表示動(dòng)作的延續(xù)，用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。如果主句中的動(dòng)作表示的不是延續(xù)性動(dòng)作而是目前的狀態(tài)，主句可用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。I

haven't

heard

from

my

friend

since

I

went

to

Dalian.我到大連后就沒(méi)有收到過(guò)我朋友的信。It

is

ten

years

since

she

left

here.自從她離開(kāi)這兒后，已經(jīng)10

年了。(二)條件狀語(yǔ)從句if

引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句if

意思是“如果……就……”。如果主句是一般將來(lái)時(shí)，if

引導(dǎo)的從句就要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。If

it

doesn't

rain,

I'll

go

fishing.如果不下雨，我就去釣魚(yú)。I'll

go

to

see

you

if

Ihave

time.如果我有時(shí)間，我會(huì)去看你的。unless

引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句unless

意思是“除非；如果不”，相當(dāng)于if

not。如果主句是一般將來(lái)時(shí)，unless

引導(dǎo)的從句就要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。Unless

you

work

hard,

you

won't

pass

the

exam.除非你努力學(xué)習(xí)，否則你會(huì)考試不及格的。They

will

have

apicnic

unless

it

rains

nextSunday.他們是要進(jìn)行野炊活動(dòng)的，除非下周日下雨。注意

當(dāng)

if

引導(dǎo)的從句為否定句時(shí)，可以與

unless

相互轉(zhuǎn)化。If

he

isn't

busy,

he'll

come

to

meet

us.＝Unless

he

is

busy,

he'll

come

to

meet

us.答案：A(三)原因狀語(yǔ)從句1．because

引導(dǎo)的原因狀語(yǔ)從句because

表示最直接的原因，為why

問(wèn)句的答語(yǔ)。He

didn't

come

because

he

was

ill.他沒(méi)有來(lái)是因?yàn)樗×?。He

didn't

catch

the

first

bus

because

he

got

up

too

late.因?yàn)樗鸫蔡砹?，所以沒(méi)有趕上第一班車。注意

because

引導(dǎo)的從句不能與

so(所以)連用。因?yàn)槲胰〉昧撕贸煽?jī)，所以我媽媽很高興。(×)Because

I

got

a

good

mark,

so

my

mother

was

happy.(√)Because

I

got

a

good

mark,

my

mother

was

happy.(√)My

mother

was

happy

because

I

got

a

good

mark.答案：Aas

引導(dǎo)的原因狀語(yǔ)從句as

可以引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句，表示“正如所知道的那樣”。as

從句說(shuō)明原因，主句說(shuō)明結(jié)果，主從句并重。As

it

was

raining,

I

stayed

at

home.由于下雨，我便待在家里。As

you

can

see,

Lucy

doesn't

like

studying

at

all.正如你所看到的那樣，露西根本不喜歡學(xué)習(xí)。since

引導(dǎo)的原因狀語(yǔ)從句since

意思是“因?yàn)?；既然”，?cè)重主句，since

從句表示顯然的或已經(jīng)知道的理由。Weshould

study

hard

since

we

are

students.既然我們是學(xué)生，我們就應(yīng)該努力學(xué)習(xí)。

Since

we

have

got

ready

for

it,let's

set

off.

既然我們已經(jīng)準(zhǔn)備好了，那就出發(fā)吧。(四)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句so...that...引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句so...that...意思是“如此……以至于……”，so

后接形容詞或副詞，而在that引導(dǎo)的從句中，行為動(dòng)詞前通常有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can

或could。It's

so

hotthat

we

wantto

go

swimming.天太熱了，我們想去游泳。The

box

is

soheavy

that

we

can't

carry

it.這箱子太重了，我們搬不動(dòng)。such...that...引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句such...that...意思是“如此……以至于……”，such

后用名詞。She

is

such

a

lovely

girl

that

we

all

like

her.她是一個(gè)如此可愛(ài)的女孩，我們都喜歡她。It

is

such

a

heavy

box

that

nobody

can

move

it

away.這個(gè)箱子很重，沒(méi)有人能搬動(dòng)它。3．so...that...和such...that...的區(qū)別so...that...與such...that...意思相同，二者可以交換使用，其區(qū)別在于so后跟形容詞或副詞，such

后跟名詞。That's

such

an

interesting

story

that

everybody

likes

it.＝That's

so

interesting

a

story

that

everybody

likes

it.那是一個(gè)如此有趣的故事，大家都喜歡它。但如果是形容詞many,much,few,little(少)修飾名詞時(shí)，則只能使用so...that...。We

have

so

much

time

that

we

can

finish

the

work.我們有足夠的時(shí)間，能完成這項(xiàng)工作。4．so...that...和其他句型的互換so...that...可以轉(zhuǎn)化為too...to

do

sth.或not...enough

to

do

sth.在轉(zhuǎn)換為not...enough

todo

sth.句型時(shí)，not

后要用原句中的形容詞或副詞的反義詞。She

is

so

young

that

she

can't

go

to

that

town

alone.＝She

is

too

young

to

go

tothat

town

alone.＝She

isn't

old

enough

to

goto

thattown

alone.她太小了，不能一個(gè)人去那個(gè)城鎮(zhèn)。如果

so...that...

從句的主語(yǔ)與主句的主語(yǔ)不一致時(shí)，轉(zhuǎn)換為

too...to

do sth.

或not...enough

to

do

sth.句型時(shí)，須在動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)的

to

前加上“for＋從句的主語(yǔ)”。That

lesson

is

so

difficult

that

nobody

can

understand

it.＝That

lesson

is

too

difficult

for

everybody

to

understand.

＝That

lesson

isn't

easy

enoughfor

everybody

to

understand.那一課太難了，沒(méi)有人能理解它。(五)目的狀語(yǔ)從句1．so

that

引導(dǎo)的目的狀語(yǔ)從句so

that

意為“以便；為了”，so

that

引導(dǎo)的從句只能放在主句之后，從句中常用can,could,

may,might

等情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。Please

say

it

in

a

loud

voice

so

that

everyone

can

hear

it.請(qǐng)大聲說(shuō)，以便大家都能聽(tīng)見(jiàn)。He

got

up

early

so

that

he

could

get

there

intime.他起得早是為了能及時(shí)趕到那里。注意

so

that

引導(dǎo)的目的狀語(yǔ)從句可以用

in

order

to

轉(zhuǎn)換為簡(jiǎn)單句。I

shall

write

down

your

phone

number

so

that

I

may

not

forget

it.＝I

shall

write

down

yourphone

mumber

in

order

not

to

forget

it.我將記下你的電話號(hào)碼，以免忘記它。答案：A2．in

order

that

引導(dǎo)的目的狀語(yǔ)從句in

order

that

的意思是“為了；以便”，in

order

that

引導(dǎo)的從句可放于句首，也可放于句尾，但從句中依然要使用can,

could,

may,might

等情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。He

works

harder

in

order

that

he

can

go

to

a

good

college.

為了上一所好的大學(xué)，他更加努力地學(xué)習(xí)。Theyleft

early

in

order

that

theycould

catch

the

earlybus.他們?cè)缧╇x開(kāi)是為了能趕上早班車。(六)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句1．though/

although

引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。though/although

意思是“雖然；但是”，though

與although

一般情況下可以換用，但如果是用在虛擬句或與even,

as

連用時(shí)，只能使用though。即使他不得不獨(dú)自生活，他也He

would

not

be

happy

though

he

should

have

to

live

alone.不會(huì)快樂(lè)。He

often

helps

others

though/

although

he

is

not

rich.盡管他不富裕，但他經(jīng)常幫助別人。注意

though,

although

與

but

不能出現(xiàn)在同一組主從復(fù)合句中，二者只能保留其一，但是可以與

still

連用。盡管他年輕，但他懂得多。(×)Although

he

is

young,

but

he

knows

a

lot.(√)He

is

young,

but

he

knows

a

lot.(√)Although/

Though

he

is

young,

he(still)

knows

a

lot.答案：Ceven

if/even

though

引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句even

if

與even

though

意思相同，都是“即使”，even

if/even

though

引導(dǎo)的從句可以放在主句之后，也可以放在主句之前。He'll

go

there

even

though/if

the

weather

is

bad.盡管天氣惡劣，他也要去那里。Even

if

we

could

afford

it,

we

wouldn't

go

abroad.盡管我們承擔(dān)得起這筆費(fèi)用，我們也不到國(guó)外去。no

matter...短語(yǔ)引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句I'll

help

him

no

matter

how/

however

difficult

I

am.不管我有多困難，我都會(huì)幫助他。No

matter

what/Whatever

you

say,I

won't

change

my

mind.

不管你說(shuō)什么，我都不會(huì)改變主意。答案：B三、定語(yǔ)從句1．概念以及相關(guān)術(shù)語(yǔ)概念：修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語(yǔ)從句。定語(yǔ)從句一般緊跟在它所修飾的先行詞之后。先行詞：被定語(yǔ)從句修飾的詞叫先行詞。關(guān)系詞：引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞。如that,which,

who,

whom,whose,

as,when,where,why

等。2．關(guān)系代詞的基本用法人/物作主語(yǔ)作賓語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)指人who/thatwho/whom/that/省略whose指物which/thatwhich/that/省略whose(1)who

指人，在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)。The

man

who

spoke

at

the

meeting

is

from

Hong

Kong.會(huì)上發(fā)言的人來(lái)自香港。The

number

of

people

who

lost

homes

reached

250,000.失去家園的人數(shù)多達(dá)250000。注意

當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要與先行詞保持主謂一致。He

is

one

of

the

boys

who

like

playing

basketball.他是喜歡打籃球的男孩子之一。He

is

the

one

of

theboys

who

likes

playing

basketball.他就是那些男孩中喜歡打籃球的那個(gè)。答案：D(2)whom

指人，在定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)，常可省略。

The

lady

(who/whom)he

is

talking

to

is

his

girlfriend.和他正在交談的女士是他的女友。The

athlete

(who/whom)

I

liked

most

was

Carl

Lewis.我最喜歡的運(yùn)動(dòng)員是卡爾·

劉易斯。注意

關(guān)系代詞

whom

在口語(yǔ)中或非正式文體中?？捎?/p>

who

來(lái)代替，也可以省略。答案：B答案：B3．下列情況，只能用that

引導(dǎo)，不能用which

引導(dǎo)：當(dāng)先行詞是all,little,

much,

none,

everything,anything,

nothing

等代詞時(shí)。Is

there

anything(that)you

don't

understand?你還有不懂的地方嗎？Tom

told

his

mother

all

that

had

happened.湯姆把發(fā)生的一切告訴了他的媽媽。當(dāng)先行詞前面有the

only,thevery,the

last

等修飾時(shí)(當(dāng)先行詞是人時(shí)，也可用關(guān)系代詞who,whom)。He

is

the

only

person

that

(who)

can

help

you.他是唯一一個(gè)能幫你的人。當(dāng)序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)修飾先行詞時(shí)。

This

is

the

best

book(that)I

have

ever

read.這是我讀過(guò)的最好的書。當(dāng)先行詞前面有

only,

all,

any,

no

等修飾時(shí)。I

want

toread

all

the

books

that

were

written

by

Lu

Xun.我想把魯迅的書全讀完。當(dāng)主句是以疑問(wèn)詞who

或which開(kāi)頭的特殊疑問(wèn)句時(shí)。Who

istheboy

thatis

playing

football?正在踢足球的男孩是誰(shuí)？強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練10

簡(jiǎn)單句、并列句和復(fù)合句1．(2012·呼和浩特)The

little

boy

was

wrapping

the

present

would

be

sent

to

histeacher.A．who

B．/

C．what

D．that解析：考查定語(yǔ)從句。who引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，指代人；what不能引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句；that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，指代物。本句先行詞是the

present，為物，所以應(yīng)用that，在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)，不可省略，故選D。答案：D2．(2012·陜西)TomorrowisFather'sDay.Idon'tknow

.A．what

can

I

do

for

my

fatherB．what

I

will

get

for

my

fatherC．where

I

went

with

my

fatherD．where

will

I

go

with

my

father解析：考查賓語(yǔ)從句。賓語(yǔ)從句用陳述語(yǔ)序；由“Tomorrow”可知，應(yīng)用一般將來(lái)時(shí)。故選B。答案：B3．(2012·綿陽(yáng))Please

tell

me

the

truth，

I

can

decide

how

to

help

you

next

step.A．so

B．or

C．but

D．for解析：考查連詞的用法。so“因此，從而”；or“否則”；but“但是”；for“因?yàn)椤?。句意為“?qǐng)告訴我實(shí)情，從而我能決定下一步如何幫你”。故選A項(xiàng)。答案：A4．(2012·河北)Our

teachers

always

give

us

good

advice.We

should

follow

.A．what

they

sayC．which

they

sayB．what

they

saidD．which

they

said解析：考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和特殊疑問(wèn)詞的辨析。句意為“我們的老師總是給我們好的建議。我們要聽(tīng)從他們所說(shuō)的”。what

they

say“他們所說(shuō)的”，符合句意。故選A。答案：A5．(2012·廣州)—It's

surprising

that

he

got

such

a

high

mark!—Yes.Iwonder

it.A．how

did

he

doC．why

did

he

doB．how

he

didD．that

he

did解析：考查賓語(yǔ)從句。賓語(yǔ)從句要用陳述語(yǔ)序，故排除A、C兩項(xiàng)。再由wonder可知，此處是問(wèn)如何做到的，故選B。答案：B6．(2012·天津)—Can

you

tell

me

？—With

Lucy'shelp.when

you

did

it

so

wellwhen

did

you

do

it

so

wellhow

you

did

it

so

wellhow

did

you

do

it

so

well解析：考查賓語(yǔ)從句的用法。根據(jù)賓語(yǔ)從句要用陳述語(yǔ)序可排除B、D兩項(xiàng)。由答語(yǔ)句意“在露西的幫助下”可知問(wèn)句詢問(wèn)的是方式，故用how來(lái)提問(wèn)，故選C項(xiàng)。答案：C7．(2012·青海)Do

you

know

the

old

woman

is

lookingfor

her

dog?A．which

B．who

C．whose

D．whom解析：考查定語(yǔ)從句。the

old

woman是先行詞，指人，在從句中作主語(yǔ)，關(guān)系代詞應(yīng)用who，故選B。答案：B8．(2012·包頭)Atrue

friend

can

see

the

pain

in

your

eyes

everyone

else

believesthe

smile

on

your

face.A．while

B．because

C．before

D．until解析：考查連詞的用法。while“當(dāng)……時(shí)”；because“因?yàn)椤?；before“在……以前”；

until“直到……為止”。句意為“當(dāng)別人相信你臉上的笑容時(shí)，真正的朋友能看到你眼中的悲傷”。故選A項(xiàng)。答案：A9．(2012·呼和浩特)—What

did

your

teacher

say

this

morning?—She

told

us

.whywas

Tom

late

for

school

againwhether

we

had

too

much

homeworkhow

she

did

come

to

school

this

morningthat

we

would

have

a

test

soon解析：考查賓語(yǔ)從句。賓語(yǔ)從句應(yīng)為陳述語(yǔ)序，排除A；C項(xiàng)中陳述句語(yǔ)序不用助動(dòng)詞did；主句動(dòng)詞told后的賓語(yǔ)從句不含疑問(wèn)意義，排除B。故選D。答案：D10．(2012·北京)—Can

you

tell

me

theprize，Tom?—Last

year.A．when

you

gotC．when

will

you

getB．when

did

you

getD．when

you

will

get解析：考查賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)序。賓語(yǔ)從句要用陳述語(yǔ)序，排除B、C兩項(xiàng)；由答語(yǔ)“Last

year.”可知用一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)，因此排除D項(xiàng)。故選A項(xiàng)。答案：A11．(2012·廣州)Whenever

he

was

late，he

could

find

plenty

of

excuses

soundedreasonable.A．who

B．where

C．when

D．which解析：考查定語(yǔ)從句。先行詞excuses(借口)，指物，關(guān)系代詞應(yīng)用that或which，故選D。答案：D12．(2012·南京)The

EnglishChinese

dictionary

my

father

bought

for

me

manyyears

ago

is

still

of

great

value.A．whose

B．when

C．who

D．that解析：考查定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞。本句中先行詞the

EnglishChinese

dictionary指物，且關(guān)系詞在從句中作bought的賓語(yǔ)，故用關(guān)系代詞that或which引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，故選D項(xiàng)。答案：D13．(2012·天津)Please

pass

me

the

cartoon

book

has

a

Mickey

Mouse

on

thecover.A．whom

B．whose

C．who

D．which解析：考查定語(yǔ)從句的用法。因?yàn)橄刃性~是cartoon book指物，故用which來(lái)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。答案：D14．

wellyoudrive,youmustdrivecarefully.A．No

matter

whereC．No

matter

howB．In

order

thatD．As

soon

as解析：句意為“不管你開(kāi)車開(kāi)得多好，也一定要認(rèn)真開(kāi)”。故選C。答案：C15．(2012·黃石)Everyone

can

play

an

important

part

in

society.As

members,

we

should

tryourbesttodo

.A．what

we

should

doC．how

we

should

doB．what

should

we

doD．how

should

we

do解析：考查賓語(yǔ)從句。賓語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)序使用陳述語(yǔ)序，故排除B、D兩項(xiàng)；根據(jù)句意

“我們應(yīng)該盡最大的努力做好我們?cè)撟龅摹笨芍xA。答案：A16．(2012·貴陽(yáng))Teresa

is

nervous

she

can't

talk

in

front

of

the

class.A．such;

that B．too;

to C．so;

that解析：考查狀語(yǔ)從句。such...that...和so...that...引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句，such后接名詞，so后接形容詞或副詞；too...to...結(jié)構(gòu)中too后接形容詞或副詞，to后接動(dòng)詞原形。nervous是形容詞，后面是從句，故選C。答案：C17．(2012·長(zhǎng)沙)—Do

you

know

the

girl

is

dancingover

there?—Yes.She

is

Tom's

sister.A．who

B．whom

C．which解析：考查定語(yǔ)從句。the girl是先行詞，指人，且在從句中作主語(yǔ)，所以應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞who引導(dǎo)，故選A。答案：A18．(2012·蘇州)We

haven't

discussed

yet

.where

we

are

going

to

put

our

new

tablewhere

are

we

going