謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)課件2022高三英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)

動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)的概念：動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)，就是動(dòng)作行為的時(shí)間狀態(tài)。時(shí)間有現(xiàn)在﹑過(guò)去﹑將來(lái)﹑過(guò)去將來(lái)；動(dòng)作分一般﹑完成﹑進(jìn)行﹑完成進(jìn)行，這樣就構(gòu)成了16種時(shí)態(tài)。英語(yǔ)的時(shí)態(tài)都是通過(guò)動(dòng)詞的不同形式來(lái)表達(dá)的(以work為例)：現(xiàn)在works,workam/is/areworkinghas/haveworkedhas/havebeenworking過(guò)去workedwas/wereworkinghadworkedhadbeenworking將來(lái)shall/willworkshall/willbeworkingshall/willhaveworkedshall/willhavebeenworking過(guò)去將來(lái)should/wouldworkshould/wouldbeworkingshould/wouldhaveworkedshould/wouldhavebeenworking

一般進(jìn)行完成完成進(jìn)行時(shí)重點(diǎn)一熱考的幾種時(shí)態(tài)考點(diǎn)1

一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)(am/is/are或do/does)

用法例句表示目前的狀態(tài)、事實(shí)IamastudentandIstudyseveralsubjects.表示現(xiàn)在經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性、反復(fù)性的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)We

domorningexerciseseveryday.表示科學(xué)事實(shí)、客觀真理或自然現(xiàn)象(在過(guò)去的語(yǔ)境中也用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí))Theteachertoldustheearth

(move)aroundthesun.moves用法例句按時(shí)間表、日程表等安排將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,只限于go,arrive,leave,start,return,begin,come,takeoff

等動(dòng)詞(短語(yǔ))Theflight

(take)

offat8:30everyWednesdayandFriday.用在時(shí)間、條件或讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中,用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來(lái)（主將從現(xiàn)）。Ifyoutakeouradvice，youwillsucceed.標(biāo)志詞:

often,usually,always,everyday/year/week/morning,sometimes等takes考點(diǎn)2

一般過(guò)去時(shí)(was/were或did)

用法例句表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作、所處的狀態(tài)或過(guò)去一段時(shí)間內(nèi)習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)He

(write)thissciencefictionstoryin1895.Atfouro'clock,Polly

(leave)workand__

(step)outintothefog.在表示過(guò)去時(shí)間的從句中，當(dāng)主句用過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)，從句用一般過(guò)去時(shí)HesaidhewouldleaveuntilI______(come)back.

wroteleftsteppedcame用法例句如果從句中有過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),雖從句動(dòng)作先于主句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生,從句仍用一般過(guò)去時(shí)Hetoldmehe

(read)aninterestingnovellastnight.標(biāo)志詞:yesterday,lastweek/night/year/month,

thedaybeforeyesterday,theotherday,

justnow,then,onceuponatime,in+過(guò)去的年份,時(shí)間段+ago,時(shí)間段+later等read一般過(guò)去時(shí)用于一些固定句式的從句中，這時(shí)并不表示過(guò)去時(shí)間，而是表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)的臆想(虛擬)情況：①在it'stime后的從句中②在wouldrather后的從句中③在動(dòng)詞wish后的從句中④在表示假設(shè)的if及ifonly從句中⑤在asif/though從句中考點(diǎn)3

一般將來(lái)時(shí)(will/shall+V原)

用法例句

將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)Nextmonthwe

(have)ourschoolopenday.Later，I

(tell)youallaboutit.

將來(lái)反復(fù)發(fā)生的或習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作You

(have)3P.E.lessonsperweekthisterm.標(biāo)志詞:tomorrow，nextweek/year，in＋段時(shí)間,inthefuture,soon,inafewminutes,by…,thedayaftertomorrow等willhavewillhaveshalltell一般將來(lái)時(shí)的幾種構(gòu)成形式1.will+動(dòng)詞原形(I/weshall)2.begoingto+動(dòng)詞原形3.be+todo表示計(jì)劃,責(zé)任,約定或命令4.beabouttodosth

表示正要做…,馬上要做...(不能與表示將來(lái)時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用)5.be+v-ing6.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來(lái)考點(diǎn)4現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)(am/is/are+動(dòng)詞-ing形式)

用法例句表示此刻說(shuō)話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作Nowshe

(plan)

ourscheduleforthetrip.表示目前、現(xiàn)階段正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作WuShu,aChinesemartialart,isstilltryingtogetintotheOlympics.go，come，stay，leave，do，take，have等動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)可用來(lái)表示按計(jì)劃或安排將做的某事，特別是在口語(yǔ)中I

(go)

onatripsoon.Thenwe'regoingto

theHimalayas.isplanningamgoing用法例句現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)常與always，forever，constantly等副詞連用，帶有厭惡、贊揚(yáng)等感情色彩Youarealwaystellingpeopleaboutyourexcitingsculptureclasses.標(biāo)志詞:look,listen,now,atpresent,atthismoment/time等考點(diǎn)5過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)(was/were+動(dòng)詞-ing形式)

用法例句表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)間點(diǎn)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作MayIaskwhatyou

(do)

inmyrestaurantyesterday?表示過(guò)去某一段時(shí)間正在發(fā)生、進(jìn)行的行為、動(dòng)作Inthosedayswewerehaving

ahardtime.標(biāo)志詞:atthattime/moment,thistimeyesterday,at10lastnight,thismorning等weredoing考點(diǎn)6將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)(shall/will＋be＋動(dòng)詞-ing形式)

用法例句將來(lái)某個(gè)時(shí)刻或某個(gè)時(shí)間段正在進(jìn)行或持續(xù)的動(dòng)作IamnotreallysurewhatIwillbedoingintenyearsfromnow.將來(lái)的安排打算Thistimenextweek,I

______________(arrive)inNewYork.標(biāo)志詞:atsix/thistimetomorrow等willbearriving考點(diǎn)7

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)(have/has+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞)

用法例句表示過(guò)去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果,常與upto/till/bynow,sofar,lately,recently(inrecentyears),already,yet,just,eversince,never,in/during/overthepast/last+時(shí)間段等連用In

the

last

few

years,thousandsoffilms

（produce）throughouttheworld.表示從過(guò)去開始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),可能還會(huì)繼續(xù)下去。往往和表示一段時(shí)間的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用,如:for+時(shí)間段;since+過(guò)去時(shí)間點(diǎn)/從句Hisfirstnovel

（receive）goodreviewssinceitcameoutlastmonth.havebeenproducedhavereceived提示：用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的常用句型:①This/That/Itisthefirst/second/...time+that從句,從句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。②Ithas+been+時(shí)間段+since從句,主句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),從句用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。Tip:一般過(guò)去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)別時(shí)態(tài)功能例句一般過(guò)去時(shí)過(guò)去的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。常用時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：yesterday，twodaysago，與現(xiàn)在無(wú)關(guān)系Iwasbornin1970.Iwentto

Changsha3daysago.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)與現(xiàn)在有關(guān)系，是過(guò)去的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生了結(jié)果或造成了影響。常用時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：already，just，yet，never，before等Hehascome

here.他來(lái)了。(他現(xiàn)在在這了)Ihaveneverbeen

here.我從來(lái)沒(méi)來(lái)過(guò)這?？键c(diǎn)8

現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)(have/has+been+動(dòng)詞-ing形式)

用法例句表示從過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻開始,一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在且仍在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。常與recently,since等連用Tom

（work）everynightoverthelastthreemonths.現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)有時(shí)所表示的動(dòng)作并不是一直在不停地進(jìn)行,而是在不斷地重復(fù)發(fā)生I

（ring）youseveraltimesintwodays.標(biāo)志詞:now,thesedays,allthismorning,theseyears等具有連續(xù)性意義的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)hasbeenworkinghavebeenringing強(qiáng)調(diào)：已完成性強(qiáng)調(diào)：持續(xù)性，未完成性過(guò)去現(xiàn)在時(shí)間線havewrittenhavebeenwriting考點(diǎn)9

過(guò)去完成時(shí)(had+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞)

用法例句表示在過(guò)去某一時(shí)間或過(guò)去某一動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生并完成的動(dòng)作,即“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”Thefilm

（begin）whenwegottothecinemayesterday.表示一個(gè)動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)從過(guò)去某一時(shí)間之前已經(jīng)開始,一直持續(xù)到過(guò)去這一時(shí)刻的動(dòng)作BythetimeJackreturnedhomefromEngland,hisson

（graduate）fromcollege.hadbegunhadgraduated用法例句intend,mean,hope,want,plan,suppose,expect,think等動(dòng)詞用于過(guò)去完成時(shí)時(shí),可表過(guò)去未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望或意圖I

（intend）tocallonyouyesterday,butIhadanunexpectedvisitor.標(biāo)志詞:bythen,untilthen,by/before/bytheendof+過(guò)去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)等hadintended提示：用過(guò)去完成時(shí)的常用句型:①This/That/Itwasthefirst/second/...time+that從句,從句用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。②

“Hardly/Scarcelyhad+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞...when...”及

“Nosoonerhad+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞...than...”,主句用過(guò)去完成時(shí),從句用一般過(guò)去時(shí)?？键c(diǎn)10

將來(lái)完成時(shí)(will/shall+have+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞)

用法例句表示從將來(lái)的某一時(shí)間開始、延續(xù)到另一個(gè)將來(lái)時(shí)間的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，或是發(fā)生在某個(gè)將來(lái)時(shí)間，但對(duì)其后的另一個(gè)將來(lái)時(shí)間有影響的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。We_______________(learn)Book8bytheendofnextmonth.I________________(finish)theworkbythetimemyfathercomesback.標(biāo)志詞:by+將來(lái)時(shí)間,bythetime引導(dǎo)的現(xiàn)在時(shí)從句willhavelearnedwillhavefinished考點(diǎn)11

過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)(would/should+V原)

用法例句從過(guò)去某時(shí)看將來(lái)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，常用于賓語(yǔ)從句Hesaidshewouldbethereatseveno'clock,andhethoughtshewouldkeepherword.(was/weregoingto(was/wereto)＋動(dòng)詞原形可表示按計(jì)劃、安排在過(guò)去某時(shí)即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作①Hesaidhewasgoingtostart

anewjob.②AsIwastoleave

earlythenextday，IwenttobedearlyonThursdayevening.標(biāo)志詞:thenextday(morning,year…),thefollowingmonth(week…)等過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)的其它表示：was/weregoingtodosth.打算was/weretodosth打算、計(jì)劃was/weredoingsth.將要was/wereabouttodosth.就要、正要was/wereonthepointofdoingsth.正要句型：…正在做某事，這時(shí)……正要去做某事，這時(shí)……就要去做某事，這時(shí)..was/weredoingsth.when…didsth.was/wereabouttodosth.when…didsth.Was/wereonthepointofdoingsth.when…didsth.重點(diǎn)二動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)態(tài)1）.被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成

現(xiàn)在過(guò)去將來(lái)

過(guò)去將來(lái)一般is/am/are+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞was/were+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞will/shall+be+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞would+be+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞進(jìn)行is/am/are+being+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞was/were+being+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞——完成have/has+been+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞had+been+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞will/shallhave+been+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞wouldhave+been+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的表示：一般時(shí)態(tài)：進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)：將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)：完成時(shí)態(tài)：寧愿被：最好被：打算被：過(guò)去常常被情態(tài)動(dòng)詞is/am/are/was/weredoneis/am/are/was/werebeingdonewill/wouldbedonehave/has/hadbeendonewouldratherbedonehadbetterbedonebegoingtobedone;betobedoneusedtobedone情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+bedoneThebook______(sell)well.Bytoday50,000copies_______________(sell)out.sellshavebeensoldsellwell強(qiáng)調(diào)主語(yǔ)的特性，主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)。第二個(gè)sell強(qiáng)調(diào)被賣掉的動(dòng)作。

1.表示主語(yǔ)的某種屬性特征或功能的動(dòng)詞(lock,open,close,sell,bend,print,cut,wash,read,write,wear,tear,cook等)常與easily,well,smoothly,quickly,badly等副詞連用。易撕書寫流暢易洗好讀熟得快打印質(zhì)量差

易彎曲teareasilywasheasilycookquicklybendeasilywritesmoothlyreadsmoothlyprintbadly2）.主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義

Iwanttotastethefood_________(smell)delicious.Themethod_________________(already,prove)practical.smellinghasalreadyproved2.系動(dòng)詞look,sound,taste,smell,feel,prove,remain,seem等后接形容詞做表語(yǔ)Thenovelisinteresting__________(read).Wefindtheboxheavy__________(carry).toreadtocarry3.Sth.is+adj.+todo.Ifind/think/make/feelsth.+adj.+todo.todo是主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)Thecar___________(開不動(dòng)了).Thedooroftheclassroom___________(鎖不上).won’tmovewouldn’tlock4.某些與won’t,can't,wouldn’t連用的不及物動(dòng)詞如lock,open,close,move,print,shut等,用主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)。Ihavealetter_________(type),soIcan’tgowithyou.Withalotofproblems_________(solve),Iamatalossnow.totypetosolve5.havesth.todo;Thereissth.todo.;withsth.t