車輛工程汽車外文翻譯外文文獻(xiàn)英文文獻(xiàn)汽車安全

AutomotivesafetysystemsandtechnologyresearchandanalysisAbstract:autopartsofgoodandbadwilldirectlyaffectthesafetyofthecar,aredirectlyrelatedtothepeople'slifesafetyandsecurityinwealth.Thisarticlemainlyfromthecar'sactivesafetytechnologyandpassivesafetytechnologytwoaspectselaboratedtheimportanceofcarparts,andhowtoimprovethesafetyofthecar.Keywords:automobile,activesafetytechnology,passivesafetytechnologyAstraffictoolsofthemodernizationandabsolutenumberincreasesharply,trafficaccidentsarealsoincreasing.Caraccidenthasbecomesevereglobalsocialissues.Undoubtedly,advancedautosafetyfacilitiesarethedrivingsafetyindispensablesafeguard.So,weshouldstart,fromtechnologytoresearchanddevelopmentofhighperformance,highsafetycar,alsowanttostrengthentheregularinspectionincars,sotimelymaintenanceinvestigation,makecarsofteningoodtechnicalstatus,soastoimprovethesafetyperformanceofthecar.Hereweintroducedactivesafetytechnologyandautomobilecarpassivesafetytechnology.Autosafetyisaccordingtothetrafficaccidenthappenedbeforeandaftertheclassified.Oneisinatrafficaccidenttakesafetymeasures,especiallybeforeimmediatelywillproduceriskcondition,driversmanipulatethesteeringwheelavoidoremergencybraketoavoidtrafficaccidents.Inthecar,driveinusuallytoensurethebasicmanipulationstability,driversonthesurroundingenvironmentandtoensurethevisualrecognitionsexdrivethecaritself,developedthebasicperformanceant-lockbrakingsystem(ABS),preventslipperydrivesystem(ASR),activesuspension,powersteeringandfour-wheeldrive(4WD),four-wheelsteering(4WS),lightingsystem,wiper,therearviewmirror,preventfromrear-endcollisioncaralarmsystemandlaserradar,etc.Thesesecuritydevicesandtechnology,calledactivesafetysystem,canalsobecalledpreventive河北丁程大學(xué)畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)河北丁程大學(xué)畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)#securitysystem.Ontheotherhand,inordertoreducetrafficaccidentsandcompanybypersonneldirectlysufferdegree,ensurecompanytakestaffandpedestriansafety,saysthesecurityforpassivesafety,canalsobecalledconflictsafety.Whenaftertheaccident,inordertopreventdisasters,includingpreventtheexpansionoffireandmakecrewfromtrafficaccidentcanextricatethesecuritydevicesandsystems,calledpreventdisasterexpandsecuritysystem.One．AutomobileactivesecuritytechnologyABSbrakingsystemAnt-lockBrakingSystem(BrakingSystem,lockdobyABScomputersasABS),hydraulicdevice,thewheelspeedsensors,brakehydraulicpipelineandelectricalwiringetc.Theirstructuresareshownbelow.ABStasseledforthecarinvariousdrivingconditionsbrakingperformanceandbrakesafetyparticularlyimportant,especiallyisemergencybraking,canmakefulluseofthepeakbetweentireandroadsurfaceadhesionproperties,improveperformanceandreduceautomobilefightsideslipbrakingdistance,givefullplaytothebrakingperformance,butalsoincreasetheautomobilebrakingprocesscontrol.Soastoreducethepossibilityofcaraccidents.NoinstallationABScar,ifthedrivingforcetramplebrakepedal,wheelwillrapidlylowerspeed,andfinallywheelsstopturning,butbodybecauseofinertiaremainsforwardsliding.Thisphenomenonwasatthewheelandpavementoccurbetweenlarger"slip",appearthiskindofsituation,thecartiresofautomobilelateralspreadsalmostdisappear,sopoorforcewillappearthefollowingphenomena:Steeringstabilityfall:thesteeringwheelisineffective,vehicletailmanipulationofcurl,seriouswhenvehiclecirclesorappearfoldingphenomenon;Handlingfall:manipulatethesteeringwheelandshortofsteeringrequirements;Brakingdistanceextended:morethangeneralbrakingdistance.So,wecanimaginetohaveinstalledABSsystemofthecarsafetyisveryimportant.2．theASRdrivetorquecontrolsystemABSareusedtopreventcarbrakingprocesswheellock,willwheelslidingratecontrolinidealrange,soastoshortenthebrakingdistance,improveautomobilebrakingdirectionstabilityandsteeringcontrol,soastoimprovethesafetyofthecar.Alongwiththeincreaseofvehicleperformancerequirements,notonlyinbrakingprocessrequiredtopreventwheellock,andaskedthedrivertopreventdriverollerskatingturnintheprocess,makingcarsinthedirectionstability,drivingprocesssteeringcontrolabilityandaccelerationperformance,soareimprovedbythecardrivetorquesteeringsystemASR(AccelerationsRegulation)Slip.ASRistheperfectcomplementandABSASR,butmostaloneissetwithABScombinedtogether,commonlyusedABS/ASRsays,calledantiskidcontrolsystem.ASRismainlyusedtopreventcarinthebeginning,acceleratethewheels,guaranteeslipinthecaracceleratedrateandimprovethestabilityinbadpavementdriveattachedconditions.Itmakesnodifferencespeedinthecarlockiceroadsandmuddyroadstartedandtoimproveitscapacity,alsocanpreventhighinspeedbyturningcarsglidingpavementandrearlateralspreadsphenomenon.Anyhow,preventthewheelbecauseASRslip,canmaximizetheenginedrivingmomentofcarshadenough,ensurethelongitudinalforce,lateralforceandmanipulationofpower,makecarsinstarting,steeringandacceleratetheprocess,inglidingandmuddyroad,inamountainareadownhillprocesscansteadilydriving,guaranteesthesafety,reducingtirewearandfuelconsumption,andimprovesthecardrivingcapability.3．VDCsystemABS/ASRsystemsuccessfullysolvesthebrakeandthecarwhendrivendirectionstabilityproblem,butcannotsolvethevehiclesteeringstabilityproblemdrivingdirection.Forexamplewhensteeringroad,inevitablybylateralandlongitudinalforce,onlylocalsurfacecanprovidefulllateralandlongitudinalforce,thepilotcancontrolvehicles.Ifthegroundadhesionabilitylowerlateral,willdamagecarsdrivingabilitypredetermineddirection.Rainydayscarsdriving,oftenhigh-speedsteeringlateralslidingout,itisthegroundbecauseofinsufficientlateraladhesionability.Toresolvetheissue,anddevelopedcountriesautomobileindustryrecentlyinABS/ASRsystemonthebasisofthedevelopmentofdynamicControlsystem(intocarDynamicsControl,theabbreviationVDCVehicle).Thesystemofthecarbrake,driving,suspension,steering,engineandsoonvariousmainassemblycontrolsysteminfunction,structureorganicgroundcomprehensivetogether,canmakecarsinallkindsofbadworkingconditions,suchasiceroadpavement,commuting,riverbendpavementandtookevasiveactionmovingline,brakingandaccelerationandthedownhillfordifferentconditions,suchasbearing,differenttypepressureanddifferentlevelsoftypewearallhavegooddirectionstability,toshowthebestdrivingperformance.VDCapplications,inbraking,accelerationandsteeringaspectsofdriver'sfullyreleasedrequest,isthecarofactivesafetydrivinganewmilestone.VDCofsteeringcontrolsystemismainlybydrivingforeachwheelbrakecontrolandenginepoweroutputcontroltorealize.Forexample,ifthecarturnleftfrontwheelforsteeringtheinadequatecapacitytendtoslipoutofthecorner,VDCsystemcanmeasureimminent,justknowlateralspreadsleftrearbrakeadoptappropriatemeasures.Ifatthesamecorner,becauserearwheeltendtoslipoutoffavoroflateralovermuch,VDCsystemisproperbrakingtofront-rightwheelfailure,maintainthestabilityofthevehicledriving.Inextremecases,VDCsystemcanalsotakereduceenginetoreducethepoweroutput,andtoreducethespeedofthedemandsideadhesionabilitytomaintainthestabilityofthevehicledriving.AdoptVDCsystem,automobileinfoliopavementorcornerofpavementbrakingdistancestillcanfurtherreduce.4．CCScarscruisecontrolsystemAutocruiseControlSystem(CruiserControlSystem,abbreviationforCCS)iscanmakeautomobileworkinenginefavorablespeedrange,reducedriver'sdrivingmanipulatelaborintensity,improvethedrivingcomforttheautomaticdrivingdevice.Carcruisingsystem(CCS)roleisrequiredbythedriver:afteranormally-closedswitch,nospeedontheacceleratorpedalcanautomaticallykeepthespeed,makethevehiclewiththefixedspeed.Usingthisdevice,whenonthehighwayafteralongtime,thedriverdrivingnothavetocontroltheacceleratorpedal,reducefatigue,whilereducingunnecessaryspeedchange,canreducesavefuel.Autocruisecontrolsystemistheearliestdevelopmentoftheautomotiveelectroniccontrolsystem.ThissystemUSESanotherspeedsensor,willspeedsignalinputenginecontrolmicrocomputer,bymicrocomputercontrolvacuumsystemwork.Thissystemcanmakeuseoftheserver,speedcontrolswitchleverandbrakepedalonvacuumliftswitchesetc,itsfunctionandbasicsystemthesame.Inthissystem,electroniccontroldevicecanaccordchangeofdrivingresistance,automaticregulationenginethrottleAngle,makethespeedconstant.Suchnotonlyreduceunnecessaryspeedchange,whichsavesfuel,alsoreducedthedriver'sburden.Theelectroniccruisecontrolsystemwhichisshowninfigure2.Two.AutomobilepassivesafetytechnologySeatbeltCarseatbeltisasafetydevice,itcanincarcollisionorsharpturn,makecrewtokeepitsoriginalpositionaspossiblewithoutmobileandrotation,avoidcollisionwithin-carhardpartscauseddamage.Seatbeltsandairbags,asmoderncarsaresafetydevices,butthelonghistoryoftheformer,popularizethescope.Theseeminglysimpleseatbeltactuallynot"simple".Attentionhasbeenattheforefrontoftrafficsafety,throughtheanalysisofgeneralmotorsafteracaraccidentfound:seatbeltnotonlymakespeopleprotectthelives,canbeinmorethanhalfoftheaccidenttoreduceoreveneliminatedrivers,motoristsarethechanceofinjury.Carcollisionorunexpectedemergencybrakingforcegeneratedgreatinertia,willallowthedriverandpassengerandcarwindscreen,steeringwheel,seat,collisionhappenedobjectssuchassecondarytodriveiscausedextremelyeasilycrewseriousdamage,evendriveoccupantseatsorthrewtheapex,seatbeltscanwillrideintheseat.BondagepersonnelWhenhastheaccident,whichcaneffectivelypreventthecollision,anditsbufferrolecanabsorbsagreatdealofkineticenergy,reduceridespersonnelextentoftheinjuries.Fastenyourseatbeltairbagsplayourroleisalsoanimportantcondition.Becausetheairbagtomaximizerolefortherideintheimpactofthephysicallocation,sittinginstantactionhaveextremelystrictandtherequirements.Otherwise,theairbagstartedstronginstantaneouswallopstoheadarefragilesite,maycauseseriousdamage,especiallyforchildren,thisdamagecanbefatal.Eventhemostordinarythreebelts,tryacantimelyincrashthatlivedridesthebundle,ensuretheupperpartofarideintheairbagfullyextendedrange,maketheairbagmosteffectivelyplayefficacy.Accordingly,mustnotbecausethecarisequippedwithairbagsandfeelcarefreeseatbeltfastened,onlytoreduceoreliminatethetrafficaccidenthappen.TheairbagWhenthefrontcollisionhappenedstrong,becauseinertia,whoridesthebodyforwardfastmoving,thenseatbeltsandwilltryto"pull"ridesonpersonthebody,absorbsomeoftheimpactenergy,whiletheairbagwith"theeyepiecetrend"inflatableandcompletelyopen;Thentheridestheupperbodywillsinktoairbags,gasalsobeganfromtheventairuniformescaping,andabsorbedmostoftheimpactenergy;Subsequently,theridebackseatandreturntothebody.Abovethewholeprocessisalmostalwayshappensinaflash,whoridesthecompletelyinpassivesituation,inthiscase,thepassiverelyonauxiliaryoccupantprotectionsystemistheonlyoption.AirbagsdevelopmentdesignisbasedontheprotectiononseatbeltCo.,LTD;theycooperatewitheachothertoridetheplaytheauxiliaryprotectiveeffect.Seatbeltusageinundertheconditionofthecrew,balloonhelpreducechest,headandfacialinjuriesintheseriousnessofthecollision.Whencarcollisionhappenedbefore,thefirstisthecartostopmotion,carundertheactionofinertialforcecrewstogoforwardwiththeoriginalspeedstillsport.Notwearingaseatbeltcrewswillandsteeringdish,frontwindscreentogether,soitcanbeseverelyhurt;Wearingaseatbeltascarstopthecrewcanstopmovingforwardmovementandgradually.Ifcollisionviolent,crewforwardmovementoftheseatbelts,evenfasterinthecompletestopbeforemotion,stillandin-carthingstogether.Ifthisfashioninsteeringthediskorwithinthepopupballooninflateddash,itcanprotecttheoccupantreducethepossibilityofcartogetherwiththings,moreuniformdispersionhead,chest,absorbtheimpactenergyofmovement,thuscrewhasaddedeffectofseatbelts.Inadditiontoseatbeltsandairbagsoutsidecarpassivesafetytechnologyincludescarbumper,automobilesafetyglass,securitybody,occupantheadandneckprotectionsystem(WHIPS),etc.ThesevehiclestoimprovethesafetyperformancehasveryimportantcontributionThree.AutomobileactivesafetynewtechnologyEyeCarskillsEyeCartechnologycanmakeeachdrivereyesinthesamerelativeheight,guaranteeofpavementandthesurroundingasix-laneunimpededsightandbestvisibility.Thistechnologycanalsoofferaspecificdrivingenvironment.EyeCarthroughtheuseoffirst-classmotormobileautomaticwilldifferentfiguredriver'seyestunedtothesameheighttosolvetheproblem,meanwhile,visibilityofsteeringdish,brakeandacceleratepedalsandfloorandthecentraladjustmenttoconstituteconsoletotheirrespectivedrivingconditions.Meanwhiletotheformerpillardesign,willitagainfromdriverssightsremoved.Becausethebusdriverreceivedthemostcrucialinformationgenerallyhave90%fromoutside,acquiredthroughtheeyesobserve.So,thisimprovementforvehiclesafetyisofgreatsignificance.CamCartechnologyCamCartechnologyaimstohelpimprovethedriverofperception.Thetechnicalfeaturesare:Installedinthecartocamerasystemonbothsidesbeforetomakedriverscanbypassthelargevehiclebehindacarorseeaheadofpedestrians.Inatypicaldrivingsituationinthecrowdedtraffic,thepilotofthecentre-leftcorneringcouldmoreeasilyviewtheoppositeofvehicles.Sideafterbuyvideocameraprovidesbroadervisualprofileofvision.Thecameracoveragethantraditionalrearviewmirrorwantswide,especiallyfortheadjacentdriveway.Installedinacar,thefourminiaturessectoredformtodecorateafteracameracanobtainthecarpanoramicperspective.Imageviaelectronicsynthesis,hasthezoomand160°wide-angleability."nighteye"(NightEye)cameracanbeinlowilluminationconditions,whenthecarisinreversegear,eveninadarkcasescanalsoprovidecarcloserangeaftersmallimages.Four.AutomobilepassivesafetynewtechnologyFutureairbagsItcansinflatablescreensystem.Thisisanewsafetydesign;itsbasicprincipleistoprotectin-caroccupant'shead,whenthathappensitwillcarryontheair,airafterthetentshapeisswelling.Tubularinflatablestructureheadairsac.Thissystemforsupplementcurrentsideprotectionsystem,stillstopoverinprotectingthechestandabdomen,brachialministry,toheadprotectionwereinsufficient.Itwithrigidbodystructure,thedoorbodyprotectivejustbeams,sideairsac,canformacompletesidesafedefendnet,thiswillbethefuturesecurityprotectiontrend.Headsupportsystem.Headsupportsystemgenerallycalledtheheadrest,vehicleswhichtheheadrest,withseats,notjustforcomfortablefactismoreimportanttosafety.Vehicleifinanemergencybrake,thebodywillhavestrongtoandfro,becausetheprincipleofinertiaoccupantbodyswinging,especiallyneckmustfollow.Ifnoheadsupportbufferheadrest,neckinjurycausedbydamageisverysurprising.Theexternalairbags.Adaptiveconstrainttechnologysystem(ARTS)Newadaptiveconstrainttechnologysystem(ARTS)useaseriesofsensorstomonitorthedriverseat,seatbeltuse,infrontoftheoccupanttakequalityandlocationandintensityofthecollisionofthecollisionsandcollisionforcedirection,thenaccordingtothespecificinformationsuchasthecollisionofeachfrontairbagcharacteristicsofthecrewonregulated.Thesystemcanfurtherreduceduetoimproperairbagforcrewonthedamage,especiallyforsmallerfrontrowfigurecrew.Automobileenergy-absorbingdirectioncolumnAutoabsorbinginautomobiledirectiontubingthroughcollisionsofredistributiontosteeringwheelwallop,wouldwalloppathtodelivershuntquickly,makingtheminimumofloadonthesteeringwheel.Thesteeringcolumnbyhollowtubesandsteeringbearingsform.Traditionalhollowtubesandthesteeringcolumnsteeringbearingsisintegral,steeringshafttopandsteeringconnections,theconnectingwithdirectionbelow.Andsuckcandirectionstringofcharacteristiciswillthesteeringcolumnintwo,dividedintounblocksteeringcolumnandthesteeringcolumnundertwoparts;Insideofthesteeringshaftalsodividedintotwosections,withoutgoingquarteragenciesbetweenthemconnected.Onceacollisionmakedirection,outgoingquartermechanismhasdisplacementbottomtailor-madesteeringshaftwillfold,underthesteeringcolumnmoveonthesteeringcolumn,toachieve"indentedwithin"andthusexpandspacereducedamage.Five.ThetirepressuremonitoringsystemInacar'styroshigh-speedprocess,alldriversfaultisthemostworryandthemostdifficulttoprevent,isalsosuddentrafficaccidenthappenedimportantreason