《醫(yī)學(xué)英語(yǔ)術(shù)語(yǔ)學(xué)》眼科醫(yī)學(xué)講義

MedicalEnglishTerminology醫(yī)學(xué)英語(yǔ)術(shù)語(yǔ)學(xué)TheEye眼科醫(yī)學(xué)Handout講義32-Senseorgans-Theeye(1)眼科醫(yī)學(xué)(1)Anatomyandphysiology生理和解剖TheSensorySystemAsensorysystemisapartofthenervoussystemresponsibleforprocessingsensoryinformation.Asensorysystemconsistsofsensoryreceptors,neuralpathways,andpartsofthebraininvolvedinsensoryperception.Commonlyrecognizedsensorysystemsarethoseforvision,auditory(hearing),somaticsensation(touch),gustatory(taste),olfaction(smell)andvestibular(balance/movement).感覺系統(tǒng)是神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)中負(fù)責(zé)處理感覺信息的一個(gè)部分。感覺系統(tǒng)由感覺受體，神經(jīng)通路和涉及感覺知覺的部分大腦所構(gòu)成。普遍認(rèn)為感覺系統(tǒng)包括：視覺、聽(聽覺)，軀體感覺(觸覺)，味覺(味)，嗅覺(氣味)和前庭(平衡/運(yùn)動(dòng))Beresponsiblefor負(fù)責(zé),主導(dǎo)Sensoryreceptor感覺接受器Neuralpathways神經(jīng)通路Involvedin涉及Vision視力Auditory聽力Somaticsensation機(jī)體感覺Gustatory味覺IntraocularPressure(IOP)眼內(nèi)壓IntracranialPressure(ICP)顱內(nèi)壓Ocul/:eye眼睛Cran/:顱Diagnostictests診斷3Visualaccommodation眼調(diào)節(jié)redreflex紅光反射Consensuallightreflex互感性對(duì)光反射Convergencereflex輻揍反射Dilatedfundusexamination(DFE)散瞳眼底檢查Opticalcoherencetomography(OCT)光學(xué)相干斷層掃描Fundusphotography眼底照相［術(shù)］Electrooculography(EOG/E.O.G.)眼動(dòng)電圖描記法Electronystagmography眼震電圖描記(法)Photostresstest光應(yīng)力試驗(yàn)Treatment-1Keratoplasty角膜成形術(shù)LASIKrefractivesurgery激光輔助屈光角膜層狀重塑術(shù)laser-assistedinsitukeratomileusisKerat/o:cornea,hard角膜，硬Keratoconjunctivitissicca干燥性角結(jié)膜炎Keratoconjunctivitis角膜結(jié)膜炎Keratoconus圓錐形角膜Keratomycosis角膜真菌病keratosis角化癥-plasty:tomodifyorreshape塑形blepharoplastyInsitu:initsoriginalpositionorplaceMileusis:tosharpTreatment-2Laserphotocoagulation激光凝固cryosurgery冷凍手術(shù)Scleralbuckle鞏膜扣帶Pneumaticretinopexy充氣性視網(wǎng)膜固定術(shù)Keratotomy角膜切除術(shù)Vitrectomy(眼睛)玻璃體切除術(shù)vitre/o:glasslike,gel-like玻璃狀，膠狀-pexy:fixation固定-tomy:cutting切開-ectomy:excision,surgicalremoval夕卜科切除pneumat/o:lungsorair肺/空氣Treatment-3Phacoemulsification晶狀體乳化(法)Extracapsularcataractextraction(ECCE)囊外摘出術(shù)Intracapsularcataractextraction(ICCE)囊內(nèi)摘出術(shù)peripheraliridectomy周邊虹膜切除術(shù)口Keratometry角膜散光測(cè)量法Foldableintraocularlens(IOL)折疊人工晶體Phac/o:lensExtra:outerIntra:innerImplant:植入PhacoemulsificationofacataractouslensthroughasmallscleraltunnelincisionimplantationofanartificiallensbehindtheirisTreatment-4Lasertherapy激光手術(shù)LaserTrabeculoplasty激光小梁成形術(shù)Argonlasertrabeculoplasty(ACT)氤激光小梁成形術(shù)Trabecul/o:meshwork,latticeroot網(wǎng)狀，格狀Trabecularmeshwork小梁網(wǎng)Trabeculectomy小梁切除術(shù)dia-:through,compeltediagnosis診斷Therm/o:heatThermometer體溫劑Diathermy透熱療法Hotcompresses熱敷coldcompresses冷敷Enucleation摘出術(shù)Exenteration清除術(shù)Eye(tissue)donationGraftrejection移植排斥Cornealring角膜環(huán)34-Senseorgans-Theeye(4)眼科醫(yī)學(xué)(4)

summaryofterminology術(shù)語(yǔ)總結(jié)Aque/oWater水Aqueoushumor房水Blephar/oEyelid(palpebr/o)眼瞼Blepharitis瞼緣炎Conjunctiv/oConjunctiva結(jié)膜Conjunctivitis結(jié)膜炎Cor/oPupil瞳孔Anisocoria瞳孔不等Corne/oCornea(kerat/o)角膜Cornealabrasion角膜擦傷Aqueducts溝渠Aquarium水族館Humor:moistBlepharospasm眼瞼痙攣Blepharoptosis［上］瞼下垂□Blepharorrhaphy瞼縫合術(shù)-potsis:dropping下垂-rrhaphy:suture縫合Anis/o:unequal,uneven不對(duì)等Hornefssyndrome霍納綜合征Oculomotornervepalsy動(dòng)眼神經(jīng)麻痹Glauc/oGray灰Glaucoma青光眼Mi/oSmaller,less小Miosis瞳孔縮小Mydr/oWiden,enlarge大Mydriasis瞳孔擴(kuò)大Nyc/,Nyctal/oNight夜晚Nyctalopia夜盲癥Dacryorrhea流淚過多Keratoma角化病Keratonosis皮膚角質(zhì)層病Lacrimator催淚物質(zhì)-plegia:paralysisorastroke-plegic:adjectiveformParaplegia截癱Hemiplegia偏癱Cardioplegia心臟停搏Ganglioplegia神經(jīng)節(jié)阻滯Glauc/oGray灰Glaucoma青）匕眼Mi/oSmaller,lessd、Miosis瞳孔縮小Mydr/oWiden,enlarge大Mydriasis瞳孔擴(kuò)大Nyc/,Nyctal/oNight夜晚Nyctalopia夜盲癥mydriaticNyctotyphlosis夜盲癥Nycturia夜尿chrom/oColor顏色chromosomeAlb/oLeuk/owhiteAlbinismLeukocyteMelan/oblackMelanomaErythr/oredErythrocytecirrh/oyellowCirrhosischlor/ogreenChlorosisCyan/oblueCyanosisOchr/oorangeOnchrnosisPurp/opurplePurpuraOcul/oeyeIntraocular眼內(nèi)的Opthalm/oeyeOphthalmologist眼科醫(yī)生Opt/o,opti/oEye,vision,viewOptometrist驗(yàn)光師Palpebr/oEyelidPalpebral眼瞼的；Pupill/oPupilPupillary瞳孔的；Retin/oRetinaRetinitis視網(wǎng)膜炎Papilledema視乳頭水腫Diopter屈光度Palpebralfissure瞼裂Optometry驗(yàn)光Optometer測(cè)眼儀Exophthalmia突眼ExophthalmosOptician配鏡技師SnellenEyeChart視力表FetalalcoholsyndromeLownasalbridge鼻梁低Epicanthalfolds眼內(nèi)贊贅皮Minorearabnormalities微小耳部畸形Shortpalpheralfissure眼裂窄Indistinctphiltrum人中不明顯Flatmidfaceandshortnose臉中部平，鼻短Micrognathia小頜畸形Thinupperlip上唇薄Scler/oSclera鞏膜Corneoscleral角膜鞏膜的Scleritis鞏膜炎Uve/oUvea葡萄膜Uveitis葡萄膜炎Vitre/oGlassy玻璃狀的Vitreoushumor玻璃狀液Ambly/oDull,dim暗A(chǔ)mblyopia弱視Dipl/oDouble兩個(gè)Diplopia復(fù)視Arteriosclerosis動(dòng)脈硬化Scleroderma硬皮病degenerationofuvealtract葡萄膜退行性變AnisometropicamblyopiaAnis:unequal,unevenMetropy:refractionoftheeyeNulli-0nulligravidaHemi1/2Hemisphere半球Mon/o1Monoxide一氧化物Bis-2Bisalbuminemia雙白蛋白血癥Tri-,ter-3Triploid三倍的quadr-4quadriplegiaPenta-5Pentadactyl五指（趾）的Hexa-,hex-6hexagon六角形Hept-7Heptahydrate七水混合物Oct-8Octopus章魚presby/ooldage年老Presbyopia老花眼Photo/oLight光Photophobia畏光scot/oDarkness黑暗Scotom盲點(diǎn)xer/oDry干燥Xerophthalmia眼球干燥癥Xerodermia皮膚干燥癥irrational,abnormal,unwarranted,persistent,ordisablingfearasamentaldisorderAcrophobia-fearofheightsAnthropophobia-fearofpeopleHemophobia,haemophobia-fearofbloodNyctophobia-fearofdarknessClaustrophobia-fearofhavingnoescapeandbeingclosedinXenophobia-fearofstrangers,foreigners,oraliensOpiavisionHyperopia遠(yuǎn)視-opsiavisionHemianopsia偏盲-tropiatoturnEsotropia內(nèi)斜視Phacoemulsification晶狀體乳化（法）Phac/o:crystallinelensoftheeye晶體Emuls:suspendinaliquid懸浮的液體Emulsification:乳化Emulsion：孚L劑IPhacocele：晶狀體突出Keralocele：角膜膨出Chloropia綠視癥Cyanopia藍(lán)視癥Erythropia紅視癥Corectopia瞳孔異位Dacryocystitis淚囊炎Dacryorrhea流淚過多Diarrhea腹瀉Menorrhagia月經(jīng)過多Olfaction嗅覺Vestibular前庭段落選自：Patternofeventsinthestimulationofasenseorgan感覺器官的刺激模式Stimulus一Receptorcellsinear&eye一Nervefibers一BrainwherenerveimpulsesaretranslatedintosoundsensationsandvisualimagesOphthalmologyisthebranchofmedicinethatdealswiththeanatomy,physiologyanddiseasesoftheeyeballandorbit.Anophthalmologistisaspecialistinmedicalandsurgicaleyedisease.眼科是研究眼球、眼眶解剖、生理和疾病的一門醫(yī)學(xué)分支。眼科醫(yī)生（專家）是眼部疾病內(nèi)、外科的專業(yè)人士。Opthalm/oeye眼睛ocul/o:eye,eyesight眼睛,視力-ology:theprocessofstudy學(xué)科-ist/-tician:anexpert專家Oculist眼科醫(yī)生pediatrics兒科pediatrician兒科醫(yī)生Obstetrics:產(chǎn)科Obstetrician產(chǎn)科醫(yī)生AnatomyandExternallayerofeyes解剖和眼外層Eyeball（眼球）:ThreeLayers眼球壁（OutmostLayer夕卜層，MiddleLayer中層，InnermostLayer內(nèi)層）+Content眼球內(nèi)容物Cornea角膜Sclera鞏膜Eyebrow眉毛Upper上眼瞼Lower下眼瞼Eyelash睫毛lateralcanthus外眥medialcanthus內(nèi)眥temporalside聶頁(yè)側(cè)Nasalside鼻側(cè)Middlelayersofeyes眼中層（Vasculartunicoruvea血管膜或葡萄膜）Choroid脈絡(luò)膜Ciliarybody睫狀體Iris虹膜Retina視網(wǎng)膜Pupil瞳孔（Dilate擴(kuò)大,Constrict縮小）Choroid:Dark,brownmembraneContainbloodvessels□ProvidenutritionLens晶體Anatomyandinnermostlayersofeyes解剖和眼內(nèi)層Retina視網(wǎng)膜Photoreceptors光感受器Cones：視椎細(xì)胞Rods：視桿細(xì)胞Foveacentralis中央凹Opticdisc視神經(jīng)盤Opticnerve視神經(jīng)Macula黃斑Centralretinalartery視網(wǎng)膜中央動(dòng)脈Centralretinalvein視網(wǎng)膜中央靜脈Anteriorchamber前房Posteriorchamber后房Vitreousbody玻璃體Zonules睫狀小帶PathwayandnervesRetina視網(wǎng)膜Opticnervefibers視神經(jīng)纖維Opticchiasm視交叉Optictract視束Thalamus丘腦Cerebralcontext大腦皮質(zhì)CranialnerveII:Opticnerve視神經(jīng)CranialnerveIII:Oculomotornerve動(dòng)眼神經(jīng)CranialnerveIV:Trochlearnerve滑車神經(jīng)CranialnerveVI:Abducensnerve展神經(jīng)CNIII:Superiorrectus上直肌CNIII:inferioroblique下斜肌CNIV:Lateralrectus外直肌CNIII:Medialrectus內(nèi)直肌CNIII:Inferiorrectus下直肌CNVLSuperioroblique上斜肌Pathwayoflightrays光線傳導(dǎo)通路Cornea(refraction)—>anteriorchamberandaqueoushumor(refraction)—pupil—lens(refraction)一Vitreouschamberandvitreoushumor(refraction)一Retina(Rodsandcones)一Opticnervefibers一0Pticchiasm—>Thalamus(Relaycenter)Cerebralcortex(Occipitallobe)AqueoushumorCiliaryprocess睫狀突一Posteriorchamber后房一Pupil瞳孔一Anteriorchamber前房一Anteriorchamberangle前房角一Trabecularmeshwork小梁網(wǎng)―Schlemm'scanal—Collectorcanals集液管一Episcleralvein鞏膜上靜脈Function:Providenutrition營(yíng)養(yǎng)MaintainIntraocularpressure維持眼內(nèi)壓Lacrimalgland淚腺Lacrimalsac淚囊Lacrimalducts淚管Nasolacrimalduct鼻淚管33-Senseorgans-Theeye(2)眼科醫(yī)學(xué)(2)Commondiseasesandclinicalmanifestations常見疾病和臨床表現(xiàn)Refractiveerrors屈光不正Emmetropia正視眼Ametropia非正視眼Astigmatism散光Hyperopia(farsightedness)遠(yuǎn)視Hypermetropia遠(yuǎn)視Myopia(nearsightness)近視Presbyopia老花眼Refraction屈光Fract/:breakFracture骨折Astigmaticlens散光鏡Biconvexlens雙凸透鏡Biconcavelens雙凹透鏡Eyeglasses眼鏡Contactlenses隱形眼鏡-opia:view看-metropia:refractionofeyesEmmtr/-:correctmeasure正確測(cè)量Presby/o:oldageVex:makedisturbCave:洞穴；地窖Cataract白內(nèi)障Senilecataract老年性白內(nèi)障Congenitalcataract先天性白內(nèi)障Traumaticcataract創(chuàng)傷性白內(nèi)障Secondarycataract繼發(fā)性白內(nèi)障Nuclearcataracts核性白內(nèi)障Corticalcataracts皮質(zhì)性白內(nèi)障Posteriorsubcapsular(PSC)cataracts后囊下白內(nèi)障S/SofcataractEarly：Blurredvision,decreasedcolorperception早期：視力模糊、顏色感知力下降Late：Diplopia,reducedvisualacuity,absenceoftheredreflex,thepresenceofawhitepupil晚期：復(fù)視、視力下降、紅光反射消失、瞳孔呈白色Retinaldetachment視網(wǎng)膜脫離Twolayersoftheretinaseparatefromeachother.Retinalpigmentepithelium(RPE)色素上皮層Neurosensoryretina神經(jīng)上皮層Photopsia(brightflashesoflight)|a］光感Floatersorblackspots(signsofbleeding)眼前有小黑影飄動(dòng)Increaseinblurredvision視力愈加模糊Senseofacurtainbeingdrawnovertheeye眼前有幕遮感Lossofaportionofthevisualfield,painlesslossofcentralorperipheralvision一部分視野丟失(周邊或中心視野)Diabeticretinopathy糖尿病視網(wǎng)膜病Microaneurysms微血管瘤Edema,exudates水腫、滲出Dilationofretinalveins靜脈擴(kuò)張Hemorrhages出血Neovascularization(newbloodvesselsformintheretina)新血管形成(Non)proliferative(非)增殖性Tinybulgesinthebloodvesselsoftheretina視網(wǎng)膜血管呈細(xì)小膨出TwistedordistortedBVs血管扭曲或變形blurredvisionanddarkenedordistortedimagesspecksofblood,orspotsfloatinginvisualfield出血點(diǎn)，視野區(qū)有斑點(diǎn)blindness失明cottonwoolspots棉絮狀滲出點(diǎn)Glaucoma青光眼Diminishedaccommodation眼適應(yīng)力下降Increasedintraocularpressure(IOP)眼內(nèi)壓增高Primaryopenangleglaucoma(POAG)原發(fā)性開角型青光眼Primaryangleclosureglaucoma(PACG)原發(fā)性閉角型青光眼extremeocularpain疼痛，blurredvision,rednessoftheeye,dilationofthepupil瞳孑L擴(kuò)大，blindness.graduallossofperipheralvision周邊視野丟失("tunnel"vision管狀視野)，headaches,blurredvision,halosaroundbrightlights虹視Maculardegeneration黃斑變性Dry:atrophyanddegenerationofretinalcells(視網(wǎng)膜細(xì)胞的萎縮變性)anddepositsofclumpsofextracellulardebris,ordrusen(玻璃膜疣).Wet:developmentofnew(neovascular)andleaky(exudative)bloodvessels.新血管形成、血管滲液Clinicalmanifestations臨床表現(xiàn)Distortedvisionintheformofmetamorphopsia視物變形，centralscotomas中心暗點(diǎn)，shadowsormissingareasofvision視陰影或視缺失SlowrecoveryofvisualfunctionafterexposuretobrightlightVisualacuitydrasticallydecreasing視敏度下降Blurredvision,lossofcentralvisionTroublediscerningcolors辨色障礙Alossincontrastsensitivity對(duì)比敏感度丟失Intermediateage-relatedmaculardegeneration中度老年性黃斑變性Eyelidabnormalities眼瞼異常Dacryocystitis淚囊炎Blepharitis瞼緣炎Hordeolum(stye)瞼腺炎,麥粒腫Localized,purulent,inflammatorystaphylococcalinfectionofasebaceousglandintheeyelid.眼瞼皮月旨腺的局限性化膿性炎性葡萄球菌感染。S/SofHordeolum(stye)Crustingoftheeyelidmargins眼瞼緣結(jié)痂Burningintheeye眼睛有燒灼感Droopinessoftheeyelid眼瞼下垂Scratchysensationontheeyeball(itching)眼球有搔癢感Mucousdischargeintheeye眼睛出現(xiàn)粘性分泌物L(fēng)ightsensitivity/photophobia畏光Dac