英語構(gòu)詞法課件詳解

英語構(gòu)詞法word-building關(guān)嶺民中田慧瓊Travelinglight

welliwasdoublingovertheloadonmyshoulderswasaweightIcarriedwithmeeverydaycrossingmilesoffrustrationsandriversaragingpickingupstonesIfoundalongthewayIstaggeredandIstumbleddownpathwaysoftroubleIwashaulingthosesouvenirsofmiseryandwitheachsteptakenmybackwasbreakingtillifoundtheonewhotookitallfrommedownbythe

riverside

downbytheriversideilaidmyburdensdownnowi'mtravelinglightmyspiritliftedhighifoundmyfreedomnowandi'mtravelinglightthroughthe

darkest

alleysandloneliestvalleysiwasdraggingthoseheavychainsofdoubtandfearthenwiththeonewordspokenthelocks

werebrokennowhe'sleadingmetoplaces

wheretherearenotearsdownbytheriversideilaidmyburdensdownnowi'mtravelinglightmyspiritliftedhighifoundmyfreedomnowandi'mtravelinglightClassify:

pathwayfreedomdarkestplacefrustrationlockeverydayriversidetearloneliestback合成詞(有兩個(gè)或更多的詞合成一個(gè)詞):轉(zhuǎn)化詞(將一種詞性轉(zhuǎn)化成另一種詞性):派生詞(在詞根上加上前、后綴構(gòu)成另外一個(gè)詞):everyday

pathway

riversidefrustration

darkest

loneliest

freedombacklock

placetear構(gòu)詞法構(gòu)詞法：合成(Compounding)派生法(Derivation)【前綴/后綴】轉(zhuǎn)化法(Conversion)【詞性轉(zhuǎn)換】{一、合成：兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的詞結(jié)合在一起構(gòu)成一個(gè)新詞

chair+man——chairman（主席）

mother+land——motherland（祖國(guó)）

class+room——classroom（教室）

super+market——supermarket（超市）二、轉(zhuǎn)化：詞形不變，詞類轉(zhuǎn)變

facen.（臉）——facev.（面對(duì)）

bookn.（書）——bookv.（預(yù)訂）

parkn.（公園）——parkv.（停車）三、派生：在詞前或詞后加前綴或后綴構(gòu)成

1、-er（……的人）

farm—farmer農(nóng)夫make—maker制造者

prison—prisoner犯人design—designer設(shè)計(jì)師但cook—cooker廚具post—poster海報(bào)1.轉(zhuǎn)化

:

是指有一種詞類轉(zhuǎn)化為另一種詞類。

watern.

水------watervt.

澆水常見的轉(zhuǎn)化形式：動(dòng)詞---名詞名詞---動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞----名詞

stopvt.

停止---n.車站lovevt.

愛---n.

愛Watchvt.

觀看---n.

手表recordvt.

錄音---n.

紀(jì)錄combvt.

梳理(頭發(fā))---n.

梳子abusevt.

辱罵---n.

辱罵

名詞----動(dòng)詞

handn.

手---vt.

上交seatn.

座位---vt.

坐nursen.

護(hù)士---vt.

護(hù)理oiln.

油---vt.

上油timen.

時(shí)間---vt.

定時(shí)，測(cè)時(shí)shouldern.

肩膀---vt.

肩負(fù)minen.

礦山---vt.

開礦barbecuen.

燒烤---vt.在烤架上烤shipn.

船---vt.

用船裝運(yùn)financen.

金融---vt.

為……提供資金stainn.

污點(diǎn),污跡---vt.

玷污，污染draftn.

草稿---vt.

起草headn.

頭---v.

前進(jìn)transportn.

運(yùn)輸---vt.

運(yùn)輸副詞---動(dòng)詞

downadv.

向下

---v.

放下副詞---名詞nowhereadv.任何地方都不

---n.無處，無名的地方形容詞---名詞

freezingadj.

冰凍的---n.

冰點(diǎn)

solidadj.

固體的,堅(jiān)實(shí)的---n.

固體數(shù)詞---動(dòng)詞

secondnum.

第二---v.

贊成

---n.

秒exercise①vi.鍛煉，運(yùn)動(dòng)Sheshouldexercisemore.Theydon’texerciseenough.Mygrandfatherexercisedandbecamehealthier.②vt.練習(xí)Weshouldexerciseourlegs.Heisexercisinghimselfindancing.③n.(不可數(shù))運(yùn)動(dòng)，鍛煉Ishouldtakemoreexercise.Exerciseisgoodforoldpeople.④n.(可數(shù))操練，學(xué)習(xí)中的練習(xí)題Studentsinthisschooldoeyeexercisestwiceaday.Wedomorningexerciseseveryday.Therearesevenmathexercisestodo.2.合成

:

有兩個(gè)或更多的詞合成一個(gè)詞。

class班級(jí)+room房間=classroom

教室(1)名詞(n.+n.)

classroom,newspaper,schoolboy,monkey,mankind,spaceship

airconditionerbloodpressure

incometaxschoolboylifeboat(2)形容詞

centralbankremotecontrol

fastfoodsolarsystem

(3)v-ing加另一詞

washingmachinedrivinglicense

(4)其他方式

by-product（副產(chǎn)品）editor-in-chief合成形容詞

過去分詞或帶ed詞尾的構(gòu)成

absent-mindedgrey-haired

動(dòng)詞的ing或另一詞構(gòu)成

long-sufferingfar-reaching

(5)合成動(dòng)詞

baby-sit3.派生

:

是通過在詞根上加前綴或者后綴構(gòu)成一個(gè)新詞。happy---unhappydevelop---development前綴一般只引起意思上的變化而不造成詞類的變化，只有少數(shù)能引起詞類的變化。mis-錯(cuò)誤的+understandv.

理解

---misunderstandv.

誤解en+largeadj.

大的---enlargev.

擴(kuò)大常見的前綴(A)表示否定的前綴：

un-unfair,unhappy

non-nonsmokernonstop(常用在n.adj.adv.前)

in-inactive,inhuman,indirect(常用在adj.)

dis-disagree,disappear

im-impolite,impossible(用在b,p,m開頭的詞前)

il-illegalillogical

ir-irreal,irregular(B).表示錯(cuò)誤或失當(dāng)?shù)那熬Y:

mis-misjudge,misdirect(誤導(dǎo)),misunderstand,misuse(C).表示向背的前綴:

pro-(親，支持)pro-Chinese,pro-American

anti-（阻止，抗,反）antiwar,anti-Japanesewaranti-social,anti-tank(D).表示程度、大小的前綴super-superstar,supermarket,superman,superpowerover-overhead,overeat,overusemini-minibus,miniskirt,mini-carunder-underground,underestimatesemi-(半，部分)semicircle,semiskilled,(E).表示時(shí)間的前綴

pre-/ex-prewarpredictEx-husband

post-postwarpostgraduate

fore-(前，預(yù)先)foretell,forecast,foresee,weatherforecast(F).表示方位的前綴：

sub-subway,submarine

tele-telephone,telegram

inter-international,interclass(年級(jí)之間的）

trans-(橫過，通過，超越，進(jìn)入)transplant,transatlantic（橫渡大西洋的）(G)表“半”，“單”，“雙”，“多的”，“重復(fù)”的前綴semi-/mid-semi-finalsemiconductormidsummeruni-

uniformunitunilateral(單面的)bi-

bicylclebimonthlymulti-

multinationalmulticolor

re-

rewritereuseregainrebuildretellreconsiderreform,repeat常見的后綴1.動(dòng)詞變名詞：-ation/-tionsatisfaction,education,realization，information-mentdevelopment,movement,disappointment,instrument-siondiscussion,permission-ance/-enceassistance,acceptancedependence

-alarrival,refusal-ee/-er/-or/-an/-ian/-ese(指人)trainee（受訓(xùn)者）,employeeteacher,worker,father,thinker,visitor,sailor,doctor,translatorEuropean,AmericanItalian,Russian,musician,Canadian,EgpitianJapanese,Chinese2.形容詞變名詞-nesshappiness,meanness,carelessness-ityability,possibility-ismMarxism,criticism3.名詞變形容詞：-ywindy,rainy,sandy,stormy-ishfoolish,feverish-somehandsome,troublesome-ousdangerous,humorous-fulhelpful,careful,peaceful-al

musical,personal,national4.名詞、形容詞變動(dòng)詞：-ifybeautify,simplify-izerealize-enquicken,widen,sharpen5.副詞后綴-lycarefullyquicklyhighlyterriblyregularlyexactly-ward(z)forwardupwardsdownwardseastwardhomewardbackward-wiseotherwiselikewiseclockwiseIfhehadbeen__________(care),hewouldnothavefallenfromtheladder.Itis________(doubt)whetherhewillcome.Myhouseisinaveryquietstreet,soIcanworkherewithoutany_____________(disturb).Thunderandlightninghappen______________(simultaneous同時(shí)).Theweatherwasgoodexceptforan_________(occasion)shower.Seeingthathewasworking____________(silence)intheroom,Ileftontiptoeatonce.careful

doubtfuldisturbancesimultaneouslyoccasionalsilently7.Itwasobviousthatallthisinformationwasfarfromenoughto___________(satisfaction)him.8.Janehasneverlikedmeat,andhasalwayshada___________(preferable)forvegetablesandfruit.9.Weare___________(hope)thatweshallwinthechampionship.10.Youmayfindthishardtobelieve,butitis__________(undoubted)true.11.Amanwhosellsthingsiscalleda________(selling).12.Themanagerslistenedtothe___________(complain)fromthecustomerspatiently.satisfypreferencehopefulundoubtedlysellercomplaints1.___________(adj.)平靜的,和平的→____________(n.)→__________(adv.)

2.(