高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)教學(xué)課件-推理判斷題閱讀理解

高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)課件-推理判斷題[閱讀理解]21、靜念園林好，人間良可辭。22、步步尋往跡，有處特依依。23、望云慚高鳥，臨木愧游魚。24、結(jié)廬在人境，而無車馬喧；問君何能爾？心遠(yuǎn)地自偏。25、人生歸有道，衣食固其端。高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)課件-推理判斷題[閱讀理解]高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)課件-推理判斷題[閱讀理解]21、靜念園林好，人間良可辭。22、步步尋往跡，有處特依依。23、望云慚高鳥，臨木愧游魚。24、結(jié)廬在人境，而無車馬喧；問君何能爾？心遠(yuǎn)地自偏。25、人生歸有道，衣食固其端。第23講推理判斷題2(2011·湖南卷B篇)…InSeptember,1940,mymother,sisterandIwenttoSwansea,wheremyfather'sshipwasgettingreadytosail,webroughthimafamilyphotographtobekeptwithhimatalltimesandkeephimsafe.…61.WecaninferthatthemotherandchildrenwenttoSwansea______.A.tomeetafriendB.toseethefatheroffC.totakeafamilyphotoD.toenjoythesailingoftheship3通過定義、定語從句/詞組或同位語從句/詞組等來確定詞義。

1.直接定義：如果生詞是句子或段落所解釋的定義，理解句子或段落本身就是推斷詞義。如：Inslangthetermjamconstitutesastateofbeinginwhichapersonfindshimselforherselfinadifficultsituation.根據(jù)上下文的定義可知jam一詞在俚語中的意思是“困境”。定義句的謂語動詞多為：be,mean,dealwith,beconsidered,tobe,referto,becalled,beknownas,define,represent等。細(xì)節(jié)推斷題6要求學(xué)生根據(jù)語篇關(guān)系，推斷具體細(xì)節(jié)，如時間、地點、人物關(guān)系、人物身份、事件、具體信息等。判斷推理是一種創(chuàng)造性的思維活動。但它并非無章可循。推理判斷題要在閱讀理解整體語篇的基礎(chǔ)上，掌握文章的真正內(nèi)涵。①要吃透文章的字面意思，從字里行間捕捉有用的提示和線索，這是推理的前提和基礎(chǔ)；②要對文字的表面信息進行挖掘加工，由表入里，由淺入深，從具體到抽象，從特殊到一般，通過分析、綜合、判斷等，進行深層處理，符合邏輯地推理。③要忠實于原文，以文章提供的事實和線索為依據(jù)。立足已知，推斷未知。7

例:

(2011·江蘇卷B篇)YourNationalParkwatchdogAttractionsDoyou：◆LovetheNationalPark，valueitandhopetosafeguarditsfuture?◆WishtoseethebeautifullandscapeoftheParkprotected?◆Liketoenjoypeaceful，informalrecreationwithinthePark?AimsTheFriendsorganizationaimsaretohelpprotectandimprovethePembrokeshireCoastNationalParkforalltoenjoy.WeareavoluntaryorganizationandregisteredcharitywithoutfinanciallinkstotheNationalParkAuthority.8ActivitiesWeencourageeveryonetoenjoytheNationalParkthroughregulartalksandvisitstointerestingplacesintheParkwithexpertguides.Wekeepaneyeonplanningapplications，ParkAuthoritypoliciesandthreatstotheNationalParksuchasmassiveleisurecomplexes.Weworkwithlike-mindedorganizationssuchastheCampaignforNationalParkstomakeourvoicemoreeffective.WehelpchildrentounderstandtheNationalParkbysponsoringpublicationssuchasanadventurebookletandprojectsinlocalschools.9Benefits◆Guidedvisitstoplacesofinterestwhichmaynotalwaysbeavailabletothegeneralpublic.◆AllmembersreceiveourregularNewsandViews.◆Talksbyexpertsintheirfieldsoncurrentissues.◆AdiscountisavailableonFriendsitemsforsale.◆Satisfactionofparticipationinworkparties,forthosewillingandabletobeinvolved.Ifinterested，pleasecompletetheApplicationFormat.uk.1060.WhichofthefollowingisdiscouragedbytheFriendsorganization?A.Tobuildmassivecomplexesforpublicamusement.B.TopreventpossibledamagestotheNationalPark.C.TohelpprotectandimprovetheParkforalltoenjoy.D.Tosponsorpublicationsandprojectsinlocalschools.11思路點撥：應(yīng)用文，以海報形式呈現(xiàn)，內(nèi)容：關(guān)于國家公園的介紹以及征募會員介紹。60.A推理題。要注意問題是discouragedby…，通過文章第三大標(biāo)題Activities第二段第一句Wekeepaneyeonplanningapplications…suchasmassiveleisurecomplexes.可以推斷出選A是Friendsorganization所不支持的，為正確選項。12高考閱讀測試中有些是考查學(xué)生對文章作者的主導(dǎo)思想、被描寫人物語氣、言談話語中流露的情緒、性格傾向和作者或文中人物態(tài)度、觀點等方面的理解題。做這一類題時一定注意：(1)由表及里地準(zhǔn)確把握字里行間的意思，不能主觀臆斷，憑空想象，隨意揣測，更不能以自己的觀點代替作者的觀點。(2)特別注意那些描寫環(huán)境氣氛的語言，以及表達(dá)感情、態(tài)度觀點的詞語。要體會文章的基調(diào)，揣摩作者的態(tài)度，悟出作者的弦外之音。(3)能結(jié)合自己平時積累的有關(guān)英語國家的文化傳統(tǒng)、風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣等背景知識來識別評價。人物性格、態(tài)度及觀點判斷題13例：(2011·江蘇卷A篇)Weknowthefamousones—theThomasEdisonsandtheAlexanderGrahamBells—butwhataboutthelessfamousinventors?Whataboutthepeoplewhoinventedthetrafficlightandthewindshieldwiper(雨刮器)?Shouldn'tweknowwhotheyare?JoanMcLeanthinksso.Infact,McLean,aprofessorofphysicsatMountainUniversityinRange,feelssostronglyaboutthismatterthatshe'sdevelopedacourseonthetopic.Inadditiontolearning“who”invented“what”，however,McLeanalsolikesherstudentstolearntheanswerstothe“why”and“how”questions.AccordingtoMcLean,“Whenstudentslearntheanswerstothesequestions,theyarebetterpreparedtorecognizeopportunitiesforinventingandmoremotivatedtogiveinventingatry.”14Herstudentsagree.OneyoungmanwithapatentforanunbreakableumbrellaiswalkingproofofMcLean'sstatement.“IfIhadnotheardthestoryofthewindshieldwiper'sinvention，”saidTommyLee,aseniorphysicsmajor,“Ineverwouldhavedreamedofturningmybadexperienceduringarainstormintosomethingsoconstructive.”Leeiscurrentlynegotiatingtosellhispatenttoanumbrellaproducer.15So,justwhatisthestorybehindthewindshieldwiper?Well,MaryAndersoncameupwiththeideain1902afteravisittoNewYorkCity.Thedaywascoldandstormy,butAndersonstillwantedtoseethesights,soshejumpedaboardastreetcar.Noticingthatthedriverwasstrugglingtoseethroughthesnowcoveringthewindshield,shefoundherselfwonderingwhytherecouldn'tbeabuilt-indeviceforcleaningthewindow.StillwonderingaboutthiswhenshereturnedhometoBirmingham,Alabama,Andersonstarteddraftingoutsolutions.Oneofherideas,alever(操作桿)ontheinsideofavehiclethatwouldcontrolanarmontheoutside,becamethefirstwindshieldwiper.16Todaywebenefitfromcountlessinventionsandinnovations.It'shardtoimaginedrivingwithoutGarrettA.Morgan'strafficlight.It'sequallyimpossibletopictureaworldwithoutKatherineJ.Blodgett'sinnovationthatmakesglassinvisible.Canyoupicturelifewithoutclearwindowsandeyeglasses?1756.Bymentioning“trafficlight”and“windshieldwiper”，theauthorindicatesthatcountlessinventionsare______.A.beneficial,becausetheirinventorsarefamousB.beneficial,thoughtheirinventorsarelessfamousC.notuseful,becausetheirinventorsarelessfamousD.notuseful,thoughtheirinventorsarefamous

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【思路點撥】生活中離不開小發(fā)明，鼓勵年輕人要善于把握發(fā)明的契機，推動社會的進步。56.B觀點態(tài)度題。根據(jù)第一段but處：butwhataboutthelessfamousinventors?Whatabout…windshieldwiper？可以得出結(jié)論。這些人的發(fā)明不是很有名，確實是非常有用的。答案為B。19有些內(nèi)容文章中沒有明確說明，要求考生根據(jù)語篇，對事件可能的結(jié)局或下段可能涉及的內(nèi)容等進行預(yù)測推理。做這類題時應(yīng)把握作者的寫作思路(如文章可能按事件發(fā)展的經(jīng)過描寫，也可能按因果關(guān)系、對比關(guān)系來敘述)，要把握句、段之間的邏輯關(guān)系，了解語篇的結(jié)構(gòu)。摸準(zhǔn)邏輯發(fā)展的方向，從而作出比較科學(xué)的、合情合理的預(yù)測。文章思路、結(jié)構(gòu)、寫作意圖及寫作方法等推測提20有時題目要求考生根據(jù)文章的論述，推測作者的寫作意圖、短文組織結(jié)構(gòu)及運用某種寫作手法的目的。作者一般不直接陳述自己的意圖，而是通過文章所提供的事實和形象，客觀地使讀者信服某種想法或意見。這種題型要求同學(xué)們不但能理解文章的內(nèi)容，同時還要具備對作者闡述問題的寫作方法及文章結(jié)構(gòu)進行歸納總結(jié)和分析的能力。21例：(2011·四川卷D篇)“Experiencemaypossiblybethebestteacher,butitisnotaparticularlygoodteacher.”YoumightthinkthatWinstonChurchillorperhapsMarkTwainspokethosewords,buttheyactuallycomefromJamesMarch,aprofessoratStanfordUniversityandapioneerinthefieldoforganizationaldecisionmaking.ForyearsMarch(possiblythewisestphilosopherofmanagement)hasstudiedhowhumansthinkandact,andhecontinuestodosoinhisnewbookTheAmbiguitiesofExperience.22Hebeginsbyremindingusofjusthowfirmlywehavebeenstickingtotheideaofexperientiallearning:“Experienceisrespected;experienceissought;experienceisexplained.”Theproblemisthatlearningfromexperienceinvolves(涉及)seriouscomplications(復(fù)雜化)，onesthatarepartofthenatureofexperienceitselfandwhichMarchdiscussesinthebodyofthisbook.23Inoneinterestingpartofthebook，forexample，heturnsadoubtfuleyetowardtheuseofstoriesasthemosteffectivewayofexperientiallearning.Inoureffortstomakestoriesinteresting,heargues,welosepartofthecomplicatedtruthofthings.Hesays“Themoreaccurately(精確的)realityispresented，thelessunderstandablethestory，andthemoreunderstandablethestory,thelessrealisticitis.”24Besidesbeingabroadlyknowledgeableresearcher,Marchisalsoapoet,andhisgiftshinesthroughinthedepthofviewsheoffersandthesimplelanguageheuses.Thoughthebookisshort,itisdemanding:Don'tpickituplookingforquick,easylessons.Rather,bereadytothinkdeeplyaboutlearningfromexperienceinworkandlife.2555．WhatcanwelearnfromParagraph3?A.Experiencemakesstoriesmoreaccurate.B．Storiesmadeinterestingfailtofullypresentthetruth.C．Theuseofstoriesisthebestwayofexperientiallearning.D．Storiesareeasiertounderstandwhenrealityismoreaccuratelydescribed.56．What'sthepurposeofthistext?A．Tointroduceabook.B．Todescribearesearcher.C．Toexplainexperientiallearning.D．Todiscussorganizationaldecisionmaking.26

【思路點撥】本文主要介紹了組織決策理論大師詹姆斯·馬奇的一部新書。55.B推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中的Inoureffortstomakestoriesinteresting,heargues,welostpartofthecomplicatedtruthofthings.可知有趣的故事無法完全地展現(xiàn)事實，故B項正確。56.A作者意圖題。文章主要介紹了詹姆斯·馬奇的一部新書，故選A。27有時，閱讀理解題還要求考生推斷所讀材料的來源或所讀材料的讀者對象。判斷材料的來源主要根據(jù)文章的體裁和題材。一般來說，廣告類，時事新聞類，娛樂新聞類，影評，應(yīng)用文類通常出現(xiàn)在報紙、雜志、海報上。說明文通常出現(xiàn)在教科書或?qū)嵱眉夹g(shù)手冊里面。判斷讀者對象主要通過尋找關(guān)鍵的信息詞。來源、讀者對象推測題28例：(2011·四川卷B篇)ExploityourparkingspaceAnunusedparkingspaceorgaragecanmakemoney.Ifyoulivenearacitycenteroranairport,youcouldmakeanythingupto￡200or￡300aweek.Putanadvertisement(廣告)forfreeonLetparkorAtmyhousepark.Rent(出租)aroomSpareroom?Notonlywillalodger(房客)earnyouanincome,butalso,thankstothegovernment-backed“rentaroom”program,youwon'thavetopayanytaxonthefirst￡4500youmakeperyear.TryadvertisingyourroomonRoomspareofRoommateeasy.29Makemoneyduringspecialevents

Don'twantafull-timelodger?Thenrentonashort-termbasis.Ifyouliveinthecapital,rentingaroomoutduringtheOlympicsorotherbigeventscouldbringinmoney.Grashpaddercanadvertiseyourspace.LiveonsetRentingyourhomeoutasa“filmset”couldearnyouhundredsofpoundsaday,dependingonthefilmproductioncompanyandhowlongyourhomeisneede