社會(huì)統(tǒng)計(jì)(上)教學(xué)課件

ExperimentAnexperimentisanyactivityfromwhichanoutcome.measurementorresultisobtained.任何求結(jié)果的過(guò)程或活動(dòng)皆可稱為「試驗(yàn)」Whentheoutcomescannotbepredictedwithcertaintytheexperimentisarandomexperiment當(dāng)結(jié)果無(wú)法事先預(yù)測(cè)時(shí)’稱此試驗(yàn)為「隨機(jī)試驗(yàn)」°社會(huì)統(tǒng)計(jì)(上)Pa◎蘇國(guó)賢2000ExampleofExperiments1.Measuringthelifetime(timetofailure)ofagivenproduct2.Inspectinganitemtodeterminewhetheritisdefective3.Recordingtheincomeofabankemployee4.Recordingthebalanceinanindividualscheckingaccount社會(huì)統(tǒng)計(jì)(上)Pa◎蘇國(guó)賢2000BasicOutcomesandSamplespaceThesetofallpossiblebasicoutcomesforagivenexperimentiscalledthesamplespace隨機(jī)實(shí)驗(yàn)的所有可能結(jié)果稱為樣本空間,一般以S或Ω表示Eachpossibleoutcomeofarandomexperimentiscalledabasicoutcome(orasamplepoint,anelementinthesamplespace).隨機(jī)實(shí)驗(yàn)中所得到的任何可能的個(gè)別結(jié)果稱之為「基本結(jié)果」(或樣本點(diǎn)丶或簡(jiǎn)稱樣本),以小寫(xiě)o,表示。社會(huì)統(tǒng)計(jì)(上)Page3◎蘇國(guó)賢2000BasicOutcomesandSamplespace·某家公司在六個(gè)不同的城市有辦公室,某新進(jìn)員工將被分派到其中的一個(gè)辨公室上班,則所有可能的分派為O=臺(tái)北O(jiān)2=桃園O3=臺(tái)中O=臺(tái)南05=高雄O6=屏東分派的樣本空間為{O1,O2,O3,O4,O5,O6如果這名員工被分派至臺(tái)南上班,我們說(shuō)該試驗(yàn)的結(jié)果為4=臺(tái)南’即該試驗(yàn)的o4結(jié)果發(fā)生了社會(huì)統(tǒng)計(jì)(上)Pa◎蘇國(guó)賢2000Event事件Aneventisaspecificcollectionofbasicoutcomes,thatis,asetcontainingoneormoreofthebasicoutcomesfromthesamplespaceWesaythataneventoccursifanyoneofthebasicoutcomesintheeventoccurs事件為包含樣本空間中一個(gè)以上樣本元素(基本結(jié)果)的子集合,即樣本空間的任何部分集合(subset),一般以英文大寫(xiě)字母表示社會(huì)統(tǒng)計(jì)(上)P