英國文學(xué)史及選讀課件-4-The-Renaissance

Unit4TheRenaissance

I.BackgroundII.ShakespeareBackgroundTheRenaissanceisanepoch時(shí)期，時(shí)代

ofsocialandculturaldevelopmentnotonlyforallWesternEuropebutalsoforEngland.GreatchangeshavetakenplaceinEnglandineveryaspect.A.Politically:a.Theabsolutemonarchy君主專制政體

wasformedinEngland.KingHenryVIIIbrokeoffwiththePope(天主教)教皇;羅馬教皇

sothatthesecular現(xiàn)世的;世俗的;非宗教的

andreligiouspowerwasconsolidated合并,聯(lián)合,統(tǒng)一underoneking.b.TheoldEnglisharistocracy貴族

wastakentheplacebyanewnobilitytotallydependentontheking’spower.c.Theclassofbourgeoisiecomposedof由…組成，構(gòu)成therichmerchantsandhandicraftsmen手工業(yè)者

livinginthecitiescameintobeing出現(xiàn)，形成.The16thcenturyinEnglandwasaperiodofthebreakingupoffeudalrelationsandtheestablishingofthefoundationofcapitalism.B.Economically:a.Manufactoriesweredevelopingandthewooltradewasrapidlygrowing.Thelarge-scaleenclosure圈地;圍場

ofcommonlandIt’satimecalledbyThomasMore“sheepdevoured吞食

men”period.b.ThevictoryoverSpanconsolidated鞏固，加強(qiáng)

GreatBritain’srightonthehighseas公海

andinworldtrade.Theuprisingsofpeasants農(nóng)民,佃農(nóng)

wereruthlessly無情地;冷酷地;殘忍地

suppressed壓制，鎮(zhèn)壓

.C.Socially:TogetherwiththedevelopmentofbourgeoisrelationshipsandformationoftheEnglishnationalstate,thisperiodismarkedbyaflourishing茂盛，繁榮，興旺

ofnationalcultureknownasRenaissance.D.Culturally:*Renaissancea.“renaissance”―aFrenchword,meaning“rebirth”,“revival蘇醒；復(fù)活；復(fù)興

”b.itisfirstusedtoindicatearevivalofclassical(GreekandRome)artsandscienceafterthedarkagesofmedievalobscurantism蒙昧主義

.c.NowitisusedtoindicatetheintellectualandliterarymovementoverEuropefromthe14thtotheearly17thcentury.RenaissanceRenaissanced.AgreatnumberoftheworksofclassicalauthorsweretranslatedintoEnglishduringthe16thcentury.e.HumanismistheessenceoftheRenaissance.

*HumanismThestudyandpropagation增殖，繁殖,廣傳，傳播

ofclassicallearningandartwascarriedonbytheprogressive進(jìn)步的;先進(jìn)的;革新的

thinkersofhumanists.Theyheldtheirchiefinterestnotinecclesiastical基督教會(huì)的；教士的

knowledge,butinman,hisenvironmentanddoingsandbravelyfoughtfortheemancipation釋放,解放

ofmanfromthetyranny暴政，專制

ofthechurchandreligiousdogmas教條

.

*Manisthemeasureofallthings;*Manhasabilitytoperfectthemselves,todeveloptheindividual;*Manshouldenjoythepresentlife.*Essays:a.ThomasMore---Utopia(Latin:nowhere)b.FrancisBacon---Essays

E.Literarily:*poetry:a.ThomasWyatt---thefirsttointroducetheSonnetintoEnglishliteratureb.EdmundSpenser---“TheFairyQueen”*drama:ChristopherMarlowe---made“BlankVerse”theprinciplevehicleofexpressionindramaforthefirsttimeinhistory.unrhymediambicpentameter(五步抑揚(yáng)格withfivefeetunstressedsyllable+stressedsyllable)*Blankverse(白體詩、無韻體詩)2.WilliamShakespeare(1564―1616)2.WilliamShakespeare(1564―1616)HisLifeHiswritingcareerShakespeare’sachievementandsignificanceHisLife1564,BorninStratford-on-Avon1588-1592,inLondonasactorandplaywright1592-98,devotedhimselfmainlytohistoryplaysandcomedies

1601-1609,wrotethegreatesttragediesandromanticcomedies1610,retiredtoStratford1616,died.Fourperiods1).1588-1594periodofapprenticeship(10plays)2).1595-1600lyricalpoems抒情詩

;historicalplaysandcomedies(2plays)Hiswritingcareer3).1601-1607greattragedies;darkcomedies悲喜劇(tragicomedies)(11plays)4).1608-1613romanticdrama(4plays)*FourTypesofHisPlaysa.comedyb.tragedyc.tragic-comedyd.historicalplaysTheTwelfthNightAMidsummerNight’sDreamFourgreatesttragediesHamlet

OthelloKingLearMacbethtragic-comedyTheMerchantofVeniceTheTempestHistoricalplaysHenryVI*Shakespeare’sachievementandsignificance

2longnarrativepoems;154sonnets;37playsa.representstheclimaxoftheRenaissance;b.oneofthefewwriterswhocanbesaidindispensableintheEuropeanliteraryhistory;

(Homer,DanteandShakespeare)c.themostinfluentialmanoflettersincetheRenaissance:d.anencyclopediaoftheElizabethanAgee.therepresentativeoftheRenaissanceliteratureingeneral;f.“He’snotofanage,butofal