第二講：英語主謂“三一致”原則課件

英語語法專題系列講座第二講英語主謂“三一致”原則主謂一致三原則

練習(xí)

歷年高考題

例題（1）當(dāng)主語之后有aswellas

引導(dǎo)的短語時(shí)(常被看做并列主語，但實(shí)際不是)，其謂語的數(shù)與主語保持一致。Helen,aswellasherbrother,hasgoneabroad.海倫和她弟弟都出國了。Theteacher,aswellas5ofhisstudents,wasinvitedtoattendtheparty.

老師和他的5個(gè)學(xué)生被邀請(qǐng)參加宴會(huì)。(4)用and連接的并列主語被each,every或no修飾時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。

語法一致Noteacherandnostudentisintheclassroom.Everypenandeverybook_____________(lay)onthedeskalready.hasbeenlaid

語法一致(5)eachof+復(fù)數(shù)代詞，謂語動(dòng)用單數(shù)。復(fù)數(shù)代詞+each，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。如Weeachhavesomethingtosay.我們每人都有些話要說。語法一致Noneofthemoneywaseverrecovered.那筆錢一個(gè)子兒也沒收回來。

語法一致語法一致語法一致語法一致Onefifthoftheworkersinthefactoryarewomen.

內(nèi)容一致內(nèi)容一致內(nèi)容一致Bread&butterismyfavoriteforlunch.午餐我最喜歡吃面包抹黃油。內(nèi)容一致內(nèi)容一致quitea就近一致就近一致Neither…nor,

ExampleE-mail,aswellastelephones,____animportantpartindailycommunication.(99上海2)A.isplayingB.haveplayedC.areplayingD.play答案及分析答案是A。當(dāng)主語之后有aswellas引導(dǎo)的短語時(shí)(常被看做并列主語，但實(shí)際不是)

，謂語的數(shù)與主語保持一致。因e-mail是單數(shù)，故答案選擇A。

Multiplechoice:1.Onthewall______twolargeportraits.A.hangsB.hangC.hangedD.hanging(C85)2.“Newsofvictories_____pouringinasourarmyadvances,”thecompanycommandersaid.A.keepB.keepsC.keptD.havekept(C85)3.There_____alotofmilkinthebottle.A.areB.isC.wereD.has(C86)4.Zhang’sfamily____ratherbig,withtwelvepeopleinall.A.isB.areC.beingD.was(C85)5.NobodybutJaneandMary____thesecret.A.knowB.knowsC.haveknownD.isknown(C86)

Multiplechoice:6.Allbutone_____herejustnow.A.isB.wasC.hasbeenD.were(C87NO.45)7.Alibrarywithfivethousandbooks____tothenationasagift.A.isofferedB.hasofferedC.areofferedD.haveoffered(C90NO.20)8.NotonlyIbutalsoJaneandMary__tiredofhavingoneexamafteranother.A.isB.areC.amD.be(C89NO.27)9.Thenumberofpeopleinvited____fifty,butanumberofthem____absentfordifferentreasons.A.were;wasB.was;wasC.was;wereD.were;were(C96NO.14)10.Whenandwheretobuildthenewfactory_____yet.A.isnotdecidedB.arenotdecidedC.hasnotdecidedD.havenotdecided★

概念復(fù)習(xí)與練習(xí)１．兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上做主語的單數(shù)名詞用and連接，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)．TomandDick_______(be)goodfriends.但若兩個(gè)主語表示一個(gè)集合體或同一人或物時(shí)則用單數(shù)。Asingeranddancer______(be)presentattheparty.Theworkerandwriter___(be)talkingtothestudents.Breadandbutter________(taste)good.(aneedleandthread,ahorseandcart,awatchandchain,acoatandtie,truthandhonesty,medicalhelpandcure)arewasistastes2．用and連接的兩個(gè)單數(shù)名詞若被no,each,every,manya

修飾，則謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。Nobirdandnobeast______(be)seeninthebareisland.Manyaboyandmanyagirl______(have)madesuchafunnyexperiment.AtChristmaseachboyandeachgirl_____(be)givenapresent.ishasis１3．在陳述句中，如兩個(gè)主語由notonly…butalso,or,either…or,neither…nor等所連接，謂語動(dòng)詞與第二個(gè)主語保持一致；如陳述句改為疑問句，則句首助動(dòng)詞的數(shù)與其相鄰的主語的數(shù)相同。比較如下例句：EitherheorI_____(be)togothere.______(be)eitheryouorhegoingtoattendthemeeting?amAre4.如主語之后有l(wèi)ike,with,togetherwith,but,except,besides,aswellas等詞連接引導(dǎo)的(介詞)短語(注：這些短語?？梢浦镁涫谆蚓湮?時(shí)，謂語的數(shù)與其前面的主語保持一致。Aprofessor,togetherwithsomestudents,_____(be)senttohelpinthework.Noonebuttheteachers_____(be)allowedtousetheroom.wasis5．一些集體名詞用作主語時(shí)，如果被看作一個(gè)整體，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；如果所指為其中的成員，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。如audience,committee,class(班級(jí)),crew(全體船員或機(jī)組人員),family,government,public(公眾)等，但people,police,cattle

等用作主語時(shí)只能后接復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞。Myfamily_____(be)abigfamily.Myfamily_____(be)listeningtotheradio.Thepolice____(be)tryingtocatchthethief.isareare6.通常作復(fù)數(shù)的集體名詞

有些集體名詞如police,

people,

cattle(牛),

militia(民兵),poultry(家禽)等用作主語時(shí)，通常被看作復(fù)數(shù)，用復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞。例如：Domesticcattle______(provide)uswithmilk,beefandhides.provide7.通常作不可數(shù)名詞的集體名詞

有一些集體名詞如machinery,furniture,equipment,merchandise(商品),clothing作主語時(shí)，通常被看作不可數(shù)名詞，后接的謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。例如：Themerchandise_____(have)arrivedundamaged.Allthemachineryinthefactory____(be)madeinChina.hasis8．一些表示錢、時(shí)間、距離、重量、長度等的名詞用作主語時(shí)，盡管形式上常用復(fù)數(shù)，但通常多被看作一個(gè)整體，謂語一般用單數(shù)動(dòng)詞。Tenminutes______(be)enough.Onedollarandseventyeightcents_____(be)whatshehas.Fiftymiles______notfarbycar.isisis9.all用作主語指代人物時(shí)，一般看作復(fù)數(shù)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)；指代整個(gè)事件或情況時(shí)，一般被看作單數(shù)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。AllthatIwant_____(be)agoodE.dictionary.All______(be)silent.（人人都緘口不語。）All______(be)outofdanger.iswerewere10.形容詞前加定冠詞the時(shí)，所表示的是一類人，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。Whatalifethepoorwereliving!Theyoungarehappytogivetheirseatstotheold.Therichinthatcountryhavetopaymoreincometax

(所得稅).11.關(guān)系代詞who,which,that用作定語從句的主語時(shí)，其謂語的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于先行詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。

Thosewhowanttogoshouldsigntheirnameshere.Heisoneofthe

studentswhohavepassedtheexam.Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswhohas

passedtheexam.

12.以-ics結(jié)尾的學(xué)科名稱某些以-ics

結(jié)尾的學(xué)科名稱,如physics(物理學(xué))、mathematics(數(shù)學(xué))、mechanics(機(jī)械學(xué))、politics(政治學(xué))、statistics(統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué))、economics(經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué))、linguistics(語言學(xué)）、athletics(體育學(xué))等作主語時(shí)，后接單數(shù)謂語動(dòng)詞。例如：Physics/Mathematicsisdifficulttolearn.Linguisticsisaninterestingsubject.EconomicswasnotintroducedintoChinauntilthebeginningoflastcentury.13.英語以-s結(jié)尾的名詞中還包括一些由兩個(gè)部分組成的物體名稱，如scissors(剪子),pincers/pliers(鉗子),glasses(眼鏡),shorts(短褲),trousers(褲子),suspenders(吊褲帶)等。這一類名詞作主語時(shí)，如果前邊不加apairof等英語短語，通常被看作復(fù)數(shù)，后接復(fù)數(shù)謂語動(dòng)詞。例如：Pincers(鉗子)areneededforthisjob.如果前邊帶有單位詞（如apairof等），則由單位詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式?jīng)Q定動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如：Onepairofscissorsisn'tenough.Tenpairsofpliers(鉗子)areneededthere.14.以–s

結(jié)尾的政體和地理名稱某些以-s

結(jié)尾的政體名稱，如theUnitedStates,theUnitedNations,theNetherlands等，盡管帶有復(fù)數(shù)詞尾，但所表示的是單一政治實(shí)體，故作單數(shù)用。但若不是政體名，而是群島、山脈、海峽、瀑布等地理名稱，通常作復(fù)數(shù)用。例如：TheWestIndies,apartfromtheBahamas,arecommonlydividedintotwoparts.TheHimalayas（喜馬拉雅山脈)haveamagnificentvarietyofplantandanimallife.TheUnitedNationswasestablishedin1945.TheNetherlandsisanothernameofHolland.

15.英語中還有一些以-s

結(jié)尾的名詞如

arms(武器),clothes(衣服),contents(內(nèi)容，目錄),fireworks(煙火),goods(貨物),minutes

(記錄),morals(道德,品行),remains(遺體),stairs(樓梯),suburbs(郊區(qū)),thanks(謝意),wages(工資)

等,通常被看作復(fù)數(shù),作主語時(shí)后接復(fù)數(shù)謂語動(dòng)詞。例如：ClothesaregenerallyexpensiveinGuangzhou.MythanksalsogotoProf.Maforhistimelyhelp.ThesuburbsinBeijingareverybeautifulinthefall.

16.凡是由–ings

結(jié)尾的名詞，如

clippings(剪下來的東西),diggings(掘出的東西),earnings(收入),filings(銼屑),lodgings(租住的房屋),surroundings(環(huán)境),sweepings(掃攏的垃圾)等作主語時(shí),通常被看作復(fù)數(shù)用，后接復(fù)數(shù)謂語動(dòng)詞。例如：Theclippingsofthetreesareusuallyburnt.Thesweepingsofthesquarehavebeenburied(掩埋).17.還有一些以-s接尾的單、復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞，如:headquarters(總部),means(方法、手段),series(系列),species(種類),works(工廠)等用作主語時(shí)，其謂語動(dòng)詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)形式取決于這些名稱是作單數(shù)，還是用作復(fù)數(shù)。例如：Aheadquarterswassetuptodirecttheoperation(指揮作戰(zhàn)).TheirheadquartersareinParis.Theonlymeanstoachievesuccessistoappealtoarms(訴諸武力).18.Remains用來指“遺體”作主語時(shí)，之后的謂語動(dòng)詞通常用復(fù)數(shù)形式：Hisremainslieinthechurchyard.Themartyr'sremainswereburiedatthefootofthehill.但作“遺跡”或“剩余物”解釋時(shí)，在不同的上下文中可看作復(fù)數(shù)或單數(shù)：Hereistheremainsofatemple.Theremainsofthemealwere/wasfedtothedog.19.如果作主語的名詞詞組由“分?jǐn)?shù)(或百分?jǐn)?shù))+of詞組”構(gòu)成，其動(dòng)詞形式依of詞組中名詞單復(fù)數(shù)而定。例如：Twothirdsoftheswampland(沼澤地)_____(have)beenreclaimed(開墾).Oversixtypercentofthecity____(be)des-troyedinthewar.Thirty-fivepercentofthedoctors______(be)women.haswaswere20.如果主語是allof...,someof...,noneof...,halfof...,mostof...等表示不確定數(shù)量的名詞詞組，其后邊的動(dòng)詞形式依of詞組中名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)而定。例如：Mostofthemoney_____paidbyhisdeputy(助手).Mostofthemembers______there.Allofthecargo______lost.Allofthecrew______saved.waswerewaswere21.兩數(shù)相減或相除，動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；兩數(shù)相加或相乘，動(dòng)詞可用單數(shù)