二戰(zhàn)后主要英國戲劇流派課件

EnglishLiterature

aftertheSecondWorldWar第二次世界大戰(zhàn)以后重要的英國戲劇流派EnglishLiterature

aftertheTheateroftheAbsurd

荒誕派戲劇

TheateroftheAbsurdcameaboutasareaction

toWorldWarII.

Ittookthebasisofexistentialphilosophyandcombineditwithdramaticelementstocreateastyleoftheatrewhichpresentedaworld

whichcannotbelogicallyexplained,life

isinoneword,ABSURD!Needlesstosay,thisgenreoftheatretookquitesometimetocatchonbecauseitusedtechniquesthatseemedtobe

illogicaltothetheatreworld.

Theplotsoftenstrayedfromthemoretraditionalepisodicstructure,andseemtomoveinacircle,endingthesamewayitbegan.

Thescenerywasoftenunrecognizable,andtomakemattersworse,thedialogue

neverseemedtomakeanysense.TheateroftheAbsurd

荒誕派戲劇

MajorAbsurdistPlaywrights

主要荒誕派劇作家

SamuelBeckett撒繆爾·貝克特,EugeneLonesco尤金·尤奈斯庫,HaroldPinter哈羅德·品特MajorAbsurdistPlaywrights主NobelPrize-winnerSamuelBecketthaswidelyinfluencedthecourseof20thcenturyliterature.Theimpactofhisplays(WaitingforGodot,Endgame),novels&numerousshortstories&poemshaveaddedthewordBeckettian

totheliterarydictionary.Hisworkdepictstheunrelent-ingplightofcontemporaryexist-ence:livingattheedgeofanabyss,inanindifferentuniverse,tryingsimplyto"goon"withdailylifeinthefaceofrecognitionoffutility.HisabilitytoshapethismodernexperienceintoarthasledthewayforHaroldPinter,EdwardAlbee,&manyotherwrites.NobelPrize-winnerSamueWaitingforGodot

《等待戈多》“Whyarewehere,thatisthequestion…WearewaitingforGodot

tocome”O(jiān)naemptyroad,twotrampsarewaitingforthemysteriousGodot.Theyquarrel,makeup,considersuicide,trytosleepbutstillGodotdoesn’tarrive.Withitssublimebalanceofcomedy&poignancy,vaudeville雜耍

&anxiety,WaitingforGodotisoneofthemostimportantplaysofthe20thcentury.

WaitingforGodot《等待戈多》“WWaitingforGodot

《等待戈多》劇照WaitingforGodot《等待戈多》劇照EugeneIonesco

尤金·尤奈斯庫(1909-1994)

EugeneIonesco’smainfocusisonthefutilityofcommunication交流的枉然,sothelanguageofhisplaysoftenreflectsthisbybeingalmostwhollynonsensical胡言亂語.Heapproachestheabsurdityoflifebymakinghischaracters

comical&unabletocontroltheirownexistence.Ionescowasborn

inRomania,butgrewup

inParis.ThenhereturnedtoRomania&attendedtheUniversitythere.WhilelearningtospeakEnglish,henoticedinhistextbook

theillogicalphrases&thesephrasesbecamethedialogueforhisfirstplayTheBaldSoprano禿頭歌女.AfterThissuccessfulplay,hewentontowriteotherabsurdworkssuchasRhinoceros

犀牛&TheChairs椅子.EugeneIonesco

尤金·尤奈斯庫(1909-SomePlaysbyIonesco部分劇照與海報SomePlaysbyIonesco部分劇照與海報InTheChairs,anelderlycouplearetotellanimportantmessage

totheworld;theyopenthedoortonumerousinvisibleguests,gradual-lyfillthestagewith

chairs,oneforeachsupposedguest.Themessageispresentedbyamuteorator,whohasbeenmotionlesswhentheoldcouple

commitsuicide,plungingthemselvesthroughthewindowsintothewaterbelow.Theorator.facestherowsofemptychairs,attemptingtospeak,usingsignlanguage,desperatetomakehimselfunderstood;thenfromhisthroatcomemoansandgroansandthesortofharshsoundsmadebydeafmutes聾啞人.InTheChairs,anelderlyRhinoceros犀牛

Berengerisanordinarycityman.Heisunmoved

bythenewsthatrhinoceros

areatlargeonthestreets.Thisresultsaquarrelbetweenhim&hisfriendJeanandhissecretaryDaisyoutsideashop.Theargumentcontinuesandmanylocalsbecomeinvolved.Thisresultsinconfusionandchaos.InthegovernmentofficewhereBerengerworks,herealizesthatthestaff

aregraduallybecoming

Rhinoceros,andDaisyandhimselfaretheonlyhumanbeingsleft.Thentohissurprise,Daisyturnsintoarhinoceros

aswell.Henowconcludeshe

willfightagainstalltherhinoceros...Rhinoceros犀牛BerengerisHaroldPinter

哈羅德·品特(1930~)

PinteristheleadingEnglishlanguageabsurdistdramatist.Inhisplays,heneverfindsitnecessarytoexplain

whythingsoccurorwhoanyoneis.Besides,theinter-ruptionofoutsideforcesupon

astableenvironmentalsocharacterizeshisearlyplays,whichwerethusnamed“comediesofmenace".UnlikeBeckett’sorIonesco’sworks,however,Pinter'sdramaticworld

seemsatleasttobesomewhatrealistic.Hisbest-knownplaysincludeTheRoom,

TheDumbWaiter

送菜升降機,Caretaker看房人

andTheBirthdayParty生日晚會.Hissparsestyleandgift

forcreatingtensionandhorrorthroughthemosteco-nomicofmeanshasmadehimoneofthemostvaluedplaywrightstoday&wonhimthe2005NobelPrize

forLiterature.

HaroldPinter

哈羅德·品特(1930~)SomePlaysbyPinter

部分劇作SomePlaysbyPinter部分劇作HaroldPinter

哈羅德·品特

(1930~)HaroldPinter哈羅德·品特(1930~)TheDumbWaiter

送菜升降機Inaseedybasementbelowacafé,twoprofessionalkillersawaitordersfortheirnexttask.Preparedandready,theydon'tknowwhenthecallwillcome,orwhotheirnextvictimwillbe.Onething'sforsure:theyaren'texpectinganorderforsteakandchips!

TheDumbWaiteristypicalofPinter’searlyplay:claustrophobic,bare,simultaneouslymenacingandamusing.Withitsechoesofcurrentworldevents,theplayraisesquest-ionsaboutpower,politics,class,friendship&,ultimately,betrayal

&isapartnerplaytoTheCaretaker.TheDumbWaiter

送菜升降機InaSomePlaysbyPinter部分劇本與海報SomePlaysbyPinter部分劇本與海報部分劇照:生日晚會、房間、背叛、看房人部分劇照:生日晚會、房間、背叛、看房人AngryYoungMen

憤怒的青年Theterm“AngryYoungMen”appliedtoagroupofEnglishwritersofthe1950swhoseheroessharecertainrebelliousandcriticalattitudes

towardsociety.Thisphrase,originallytakenfromthetitleofLeslieAllenPaul'sautobiography,AngryYoungMan

(1951),becamecurrentwiththecreationofJohnOsborne'splayLookBackinAnger

(1956).Thewordangryisprobablyin-appropriate;dissatisfiedisperhapsmoreaccurate.Thegroupnotonlyexpresseddiscontentwiththestaid,hypocriticalinsti-tutionsofEnglishsociety—theso-calledEstablishment—butbetrayeddisillusionmentwithitselfandwithitsownachieve-ments.Includedamongtheangryyoungmenweretheplay-wrightsJohnOsborneandArnoldWesker&thenovelistsKingsleyAmis,JohnBraine,JohnWain,&AlanSillitoe.Inthe1960sthesewritersturnedtomoreindividualizedthemesandwerenolongerconsideredagroup.

AngryYoungMen憤怒的青年TheMore“AngryYoungMen”:憤怒的青年(其他人)

ArnoldWesker,KingsleyAmis&JohnBraineMore“AngryYoungMen”:憤怒的青年(JohnOsborne

約翰·奧斯本（1929-1994）JohnOsborne--themanwhoturnedangerintoart JohnOsbornechangedthefaceofBritishTheatre.Hisplay"LookBackinAnger"wastheturningpointinpostwarBritishtheatre.Hewasan'angryyoungman'whospenthishappiestyearsinShropshire.JohnOsborne

約翰·奧斯本（1929-1994JohnOsborne

約翰·奧斯本（1929-1994）

Britishplaywright&filmProducerwhoseLookBackinAnger

(1956)usheredinanewmovementinBritishdrama&madehimknownasthefirstofthe“AngryYoungMen”

Thesonofacommercialartistandabarmaid,Osborneusedinsurancemoneyfromhisfather'sdeathin1941foraboarding-schooleducationatBelmontCollege,Devon.JohnOsborne約翰·奧斯本（1929-1994LookBackinAnger：《憤怒的回顧》

ItsImportance

重要性

ThefirstproductionofJohnOsborne'sLookBackinAngerin1956provokedamajorcontroversy.Therewerethose,liketheleadingcriticKennethTynan,whosawit

asthefirsttotallyoriginalplayofanewgeneration.Therewereothers

whohatedbothitandtheworldthatOsbornewasshowingthem.Buteventhesecriticsagreed

thattheplay,writteninjustonemonth,markedanewvoiceontheBritishstage.LookBackinAnger：《憤怒的回顧》

ItsLookBackinAnger:thestoryThethree-actplaytakesplaceinaone-bedroomflatintheMidlands.JimmyPorter,lowermiddle-class,university-educated,liveswithhiswifeAlison,thedaughterofaretiredColonelintheBritishArmyinI