不定式知識(shí)梳理 高考英語一輪語法復(fù)習(xí)

不定式不定式的形式時(shí)態(tài)形式主動(dòng)式被動(dòng)式一般式todotobedone完成式tohavedonetohavebeendone進(jìn)行式tobedoing完成進(jìn)行式tohavebeendoing（不常用）（1）不定式的一般式不定式的一般式表示的動(dòng)作通常時(shí)間性不強(qiáng)，與謂語動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作沒有時(shí)間先后順序I'mpleasedtoseeyouhere.Iamexpectingtohearfromyou.Iwouldlikeyoutostayovertheweekendwithme.⑵不定式的完成式不定式的完成式表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作之前，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的先后順序I'msorrytohavekeptyouwaitingsolong.Sheissaidtohavestudiedabroadlastyear.Theboypretendedtohaveknowntheanswer.⑶不定式的進(jìn)行式不定式的進(jìn)行式表示的動(dòng)作與謂語動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)進(jìn)行Maryseemstobethinkingdeeply.Thechildrenpretendedtobereadingaloudwhentheteachercamein.IhappenedtobewatchingTVwhenshecalled.（4）不定式的被動(dòng)形式不定式的被動(dòng)式只有一般式和完成式Sheaskstobetreatedequally.Theradioneedstoberepaired.Theroomseemstohavebeenbrokenin.ThetelephoneisconsideredtohavebeeninventedbyBell.動(dòng)詞不定式的用法：一、作主語A.動(dòng)詞不定式作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。（可由it作形式主語，而將真正的主語不定式后置。）.Topointoutthemistakesyouhavemadeismychiefpurpose..Tobecomeaslaveistogiveupone'sfreedom.tisimpossibleforhimtogiveupsmoking.4.Togettherebyairwilltakeyouonlyabouttwohours.=ltw川takeyouonlyabouttwohourstogettherebyair.B:Itis+adj.+forsbtodosth..對(duì)于學(xué)生們來說，理解這篇文章很容易。Itiseasyforthestudentstounderstandthisarticle..對(duì)于一個(gè)十幾歲的中學(xué)生來說，每天打3小時(shí)的電腦游戲?qū)⑹欠浅Ｓ泻Φ?。Itwillbeveryharmfulforateenagerstudenttoplaycomputergamesfor3hoursaday.C:ltis+adj.ofsbtodosth.這些形容詞是：kind,good,nice,wise,unwise,clever,silly,wrong,right,foolish,stupid,careless,rude,polite,naughty..你太愚蠢了借給那個(gè)騙子那么多錢。It'sfoolishofyoutolendsomuchmoneytothatcheat..他這么年輕就輟學(xué)了實(shí)在太不明智。Itwasunwiseofhimtodropoutofschoolsoyoung..我媽媽今天提醒我?guī)弦话延陚?，真是考慮的太周到了?？?！下雨了。Itisveryconsiderateofmymothertoremindmetotakeanumbrellawithmetoday.Look!itisraining.二、作賓語通常后接不定式作賓語的動(dòng)詞及短語總結(jié)：ask,arrange,choose,demand（要求），plan,Jntend,mean（計(jì)戈U）,manage,learn,wish,hope,desire,expect,long（渴望）,want,wouldlike,shouldlike,wouldprefer,agree,promise（同意）,decide,determine,offer（主動(dòng)提出）,apply伸請(qǐng)），help（幫助）,fail（不能、沒有）,prepare（準(zhǔn)備）,pretend（假裝），refuse（拒絕）,happen（碰巧）,afford（負(fù)擔(dān)得起）,itisuptosbtodosth（該由某人做）,sbissaidtodo（據(jù)說某人做……）等。鞏固檢查：不定式作賓語的動(dòng)詞句型漢譯英1.要求做… 2.安排做….選擇做.計(jì)劃做.打算做.設(shè)法做成.學(xué)習(xí)做9?渴望做.選擇做.計(jì)劃做.打算做.設(shè)法做成.學(xué)習(xí)做9?渴望做.允諾做8?希望做10.同意做.喜歡做做… 15.拒絕做…14.假裝16.碰巧做17.幫助某人做… 14.假裝16.碰巧做做...19.準(zhǔn)備做… 20.負(fù)擔(dān)的起做… 21.未能做… 22.應(yīng)該做某事23,全力以赴做某事24.努力做某事25.有思想準(zhǔn)備做某事26.不辭辛苦地做某事很可能做28.竭盡全力做不定式短語作賓語時(shí)，如果還帶有賓語補(bǔ)足語，往往把不定式短語放在賓補(bǔ)之后，而用it作形式賓語。句型為“主語+find(feel,think,believe,considecetc)+it+形容詞/名詞+todosthz,o.Weconsideritourresponsibilitytoloveourcountry..他認(rèn)為有必要把這件事向領(lǐng)導(dǎo)匯報(bào)。Hethoughtitnecessarytoreportthethingtotheleader..我覺得懂得如何急救是至關(guān)重要的。Ifinditvitaltoknowhowtodofirstaid.不定式作某些介詞的賓語。①不定式在介詞but,except,besides,otherthan后面時(shí)，如果這些介詞之前有行為動(dòng)詞do(非助動(dòng)詞)的各種形式時(shí)，那么這些介詞后面的不定式不帶to,否則帶tooe.g.l.Shecoulddonothingbutcry..Whatdoyouliketodobesidesswim?.Hehadnochoicebuttoflee..Therewasnothingformetodootherthanwaituntilthemeetingwasover..TheoldmanhadnothingtodobutwatchTV.②當(dāng)句子的謂語動(dòng)詞是can%can'thelp,can'tchoose等結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí),but,except,besides后的不定式to也省略。.Wecan'tbutadmirehisbravery..Wecan'tchoosebutwait.8.SheissuchalovelygirlthatIcan'thelpbutloveher.三、作表語不定式作表語可以表示主語的具體內(nèi)容、目的等.Acomedian'sworkistomakepeoplelaugh..Herwishistodevoteherlifetohelpingthoseinneed.四、作賓語補(bǔ)足語A.不帶符號(hào)to的賓語補(bǔ)足語在感官動(dòng)詞(see,hear,feel,listento,notice,watch,observe等)和使役動(dòng)詞(let,have,make)后的補(bǔ)足語中，不定式不帶to。但這類句子變成被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，必須帶tOo1.1sawhimplayinthepark.-Hewasseentoplayinthepark.2.Thebossmadethosemenworkdayandnight.玲Thosemenweremadetoworkdayandnight.B.帶符號(hào)to的賓語補(bǔ)足語接動(dòng)詞不定式作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞有:advise,allow,permit,ask^ell,want,order,wish,expec^help,getjnvite^ersuade^ause^emind^each^rain^arn,beacencourage^eg.request,force^blige^rive^emandotcommand^lect,forbid,callon等。(sb.+todosth.).Thedoctoradvisedhernottoeattoomuchsugar..FinallyIpersuadedmybrothertogotoKunmingbyairinsteadofbytrain..Thegovernmentcallsonustoprotectourenvironment.練習(xí)：翻譯句子.他發(fā)現(xiàn)入睡很困難。.對(duì)他來說，最重要的事情就是拯救生命。.經(jīng)常聽到她在隔壁唱歌。語法填空Iintend(take)fulladvantageofthistriptobuythethingsweneed.Whateverdifficultyyouhavecommunicatingwithyourclassmates,don'thesitate(ask)meforadvice.Heagreed(help)mewithmyEnglish.Thedesignofthebicyclehasmanaged(reduce)theeffectsofwindresistanceanddrag(空氣阻力).Ican'tstandworkingwithJaneinthesameoffice.Shejustrefuses(stop)talkingwhilesheisworking.Manystudentschoose(study)oneofthelanguagesthatarespokenintheUN.Hismothercouldn'tafford(pay)forherchild'seducation.Wordsfailed(convey)myfeelingswhenIsawmymotherforthefirsttimeafterworkingfiveyearsabroad.Mostpeoplewouldlike(cheer)ontheirfavoriteplayers.Ididn'tmean(eat)anythingbuttheicecreamlookedsogoodthatIcouldn'thelptryingit.五、作定語1.不定式作定語可以用來修飾人和物，一般放在被修飾名詞的后面。一般當(dāng)中心詞為序數(shù)詞、最高級(jí)，thelast,theonly,thenext等或中心詞被這類詞修飾時(shí)多用不定式作定語Hewasthefirstguesttoarrive.Iamtheonlymantohearthenews.Ihavealotofproblemstosolve.Youraretherightpersontodothejob.2,下列名詞后常接動(dòng)詞不定式作定語：ability,attempt,chance,courage,decision,effort,failure,promise,way,wish等。Butshegaveupthechancetogoabroad.Thewaytosolvetheproblemisfound.如果不定式中的動(dòng)詞是不及物動(dòng)詞，其后應(yīng)由必要的介詞。1)Jazzisexcitingmusictolistento.2)Fmlookingforaroomtolivein.六.作狀語不定式作狀語主要表示原因、目的、結(jié)果等.作原因狀語放在系表結(jié)構(gòu)后面，表示產(chǎn)生某種情緒或狀態(tài)的原因I'msorrytohearyouwereill.ShewassurprisedtoseeGeorgewalkin.I'mashamedtohavetotroubleyou..作目的狀語不定式可以單獨(dú)作目的狀語，有時(shí)為了突出和強(qiáng)調(diào)目的性，在不定式前可以加上inorder,soasAfriendofminecametoseemelastnight.Tosucceed,onemustfirstofallbelieveinhimself.Inordertokeepwarm,weshutallthewindows.Sheraisedhervoicesoastomakeherselfheard..作結(jié)果狀語不定式表示結(jié)果，常用在too...to,enough...to,so/such...asto結(jié)構(gòu)中。有時(shí)可指出人意料的結(jié)果,這時(shí)不定式前加上only,以加強(qiáng)語氣Thechildisoldenoughtodresshimself.2)Wehurriedtothestationonlytobetoldthatthetrainhadleft.4.作評(píng)論性狀語有些不定式是用來表明說話者的觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度的，放在句子以外，修飾整個(gè)句子，我們稱之為評(píng)論性狀語totellyouthetruth 說老實(shí)話；tobeginwith首先；tosaynothingof姑且不說；sotospeak可以這么說；tobesure誠然,固然；tobeexact精確地說；todohimjustice說句對(duì)他公道的話；tomakealongstoryshort長話短說；tobefrank坦率地說；tobebrief簡言之；toconclude總而言之。Tobehonest,!justdon'tlikeTagore\poems.Heisaniceperson,tobesure.相關(guān)練習(xí)：Manybuildingsinthecityneedrepairing,buttheone(repair)isthelibrary.WithFather'sDayaroundthecorner,Ihavetakensomemoneyoutofthebank(buy)presentsformydad.Wewereastonished(find)thetemplestillinitsoriginalcondition.(improve)theworkingefficiency,thebossallowstheemployeestohaveacoffeebreak.Peopleindevelopedcountriesaresupposed(have)morehealthyfoodbeforethanwhattheyhavetoday.-Ididn'tmean(hurt)her.—Buttalkingliketatmeans(hurt)herAlltheChinesepeopleareexpectingthegovernment'sfinancialplan(carry)outaroundthecountry.Ifyouplan(buy)anapartment，pleasedon'tforget(check)thesurroundings.Wordsfailed(convey)myfeelingswhenIsawmymotherforthefirsttimeafterworkingfiveyearsabroad.Theyareoccasionsthatallowus(relax)andenjoylife.Thegovernmenttookimmediatemeasures(ensure)people'slivesandsafety.12.1shallbepleasedtohavetheopportunity(go)abroad.13.Sheshowedthemtheway(do)it.14.Motherhadme(go)totheshopandbuysomesalt.語法填空：2022年新高考全國二卷HenryTylermadethecatchoftheyearontheweekend.Whenhesawayoungchildhangingfromasixth-floorapartmentbalcony(陽臺(tái)),Henryranonehundredmetres,jumpedovera1.2-metrefence,andheldouthisarmstocatchthe56 (fall)child.EricBrown,onlythreeyearsold,knocked