第3部分：概括段落大意和補(bǔ)全句子

第3部分：概括段落大意和補(bǔ)全句子第三部分：概括段落大意和補(bǔ)全句子（第16?25題，每題1分，共10分）閱讀下面短文，請完成短文后的2項測試任務(wù)：（1）從第16?20題后所給的6個選項中為第①一⑤段每段選擇1個正確的小標(biāo)題；（2）從第21?25題后所給的6個選項中選擇5個正確選項，分別完成每個句子，并在答題卡相應(yīng)位置上將答案選項涂黑。Passage1（選自大綱樣題）TheWeightExperimentNicolaWaltershasbeentakingpartinexperimentsinScotlandtodiscoverwhyhumansgainandloseweight.Beinglockedinasmallroomcalleda‘calorimeter'（熱量測量室）isonewaytofindout．①Thesignsabovethetworoomsreadsimply‘ChamberOne'and‘ChamberTwo'.Thesearethecalorimeters:4mby2mwhite-walledroomswherehumanvolunteersarelockedupinthenameofscience.Outsidetheseroomsanothersignreads‘Pleasedonotenter-workinprogress'andinfrontoftheroomsadvancedmachineryregisterseverymovethevolunteersmake.Eachday,mealsmeasuredtothelastgramarepassedthroughaholeinthewallofthecalorimetertotheresidentvolunteer.NicolaWaltersisoneoftwentyvolunteerswho,overthepasteightmonths,havespentvaryingperiodsinsidethecalorimeter.Tallandslim,Nicoladoesnothaveaweightproblem,butthoughtthestrictdietmighthelpwithhertrainingandfitnessprogramme.Aself-employedcommunitydanceworker,shewasabletofittheexperimentinaroundherwork.Shesawanadvertisementforvolunteersatherlocalgymandassheisinterestedinthewholeareaofdietandexercise,shethoughtshewouldhelpout.TheexperimentonNicolainvolvedherspendingonedayonafixeddietathomeandthenextintheroom.Thissequencewasrepeatedfourtimesoversixweeks.Shearrivedatthecalorimeterat8:30amoneachofthefourmorningsandfromthenoneverythingsheateordrankwascarefullymeasured.Hereverymovewasnotedtoo,herdailyexerciseroutinetimedtothelastsecond.Atregularintervals,aftereating,shefilledinformsabouthowhungryshefeltandsamplesweretakenforanalysis.Thescientistshelpvolunteersimposeakindoforderonthelongdaystheyfaceintheroom.‘Thefirsttime,Ionlytookonevideoandabook,butitwasOKbecauseIwatchedTVtherestofthetime,'saysNicola.Andtwiceadaysheusedtheexercisebike.Shepedaled（踩踏板）forhalfanhour,watchedbyresearcherstomakesureshedidn'tgotoofast.Itseemsthatsomefoodsencourageyoutoeatmore,whileotherssatisfyyouquickly.Volunteersarealreadyshowingthathigh-fatdietsarelesslikelytomakeyoufeelfull.Believingthattheymaynowknowwhatencouragespeopletoovereat,theresearchersareabouttostarttestingahigh-proteinweight-lossdiet.VolunteersarerequiredandNicolahassignedupforfurthersessions.Whatdoesthecalorimeterlooklikeinside?B.Whatprogrammewasdesignedfortheexperiment?C.Whatisacalorimeter?D.Whatkindoffoodsaretopeople'staste?E.Howdothevolunteerskillthetime?F.WhydidNicolajoinintheexperiments?Taskl16.Paragraph①17.Paragraph②18.Paragraph③19.Paragraph④20.Paragraph⑤16.Paragraph①顯示答案【答案】C【解析】第一段主要講了實驗所需要的設(shè)備和條件，前面的內(nèi)容主要針對calorimeter做了相關(guān)描述。17.Paragraph②顯示答案【答案】F【解析】第二段主要介紹了Nicola自愿參加這一實驗的意圖和目的，雖然沒有超重問題，但出于對飲食調(diào)節(jié)和身材的保持，她選擇加入這一項目。18.Paragraph③顯示答案【答案】B【解析】該段的第一句話是主題句TheexperimentonNicolainvolvedherspendingonedayonafixeddietathomeandthenextintheroom.即：實驗所涉及的內(nèi)容、具體的要求和環(huán)節(jié)。19.Paragraph④顯示答案【答案】e【解析】段首句往往是主題句，首句說明科學(xué)家?guī)椭驹刚咴O(shè)定一個日程表來打發(fā)在密室里的時間。后面介紹了看電視、看錄像、看書、騎單車等活動。20.Paragraph⑤顯示答案【答案】D【解析】第五段的首句出現(xiàn)了foods一詞，從剩余的兩個選項A和D中很明顯就能選出D。第五段主要介紹了什么食物適合人的胃口。小貼士：本部分考查學(xué)生的概括能力，讀懂首句是關(guān)鍵，因為首句往往是主題句。請認(rèn)真答題，答題結(jié)果將記入知識點測評的成績！【單選題】Decidewhichofthestatementscanbestsummarizethefollowingpassage.Celebritieswillalwayshavealargeinfluenceonsociety.Theinfluencetheyhaveontwitterisincredible.TwitterisaneasywayforfanstoconnectwiththeirfavoritecelebrityandmanycelebritiesaretakingadvantageofTwitter'spopularity.Everycelebritytweetstartsafirestormofretweets,replies,anddiscussionsaboutwhatacelebrityjusttweeted.Agoodexampleofthisisthatthetrendingtopicsoftenrevolvearoundacelebrityorsomethingthatacelebrityrecentlytweeted.Celebritytweetsalsobecomenewsintheworldofcelebritynews.CelebritiesnowuseTwittertocommunicatewiththepublicinsteadofissuingstatements,andalsousetheiraccountstodispelrumors,makeannouncements,andpromotetheirmovies,albums,orbooks.Moreover,becausetherearesomanycelebritytabloids（小扌報），simpletweetsabouttheireverydayliveswillalsobecomefrontnews.A．Celebrities'useoftweetB．Politician'sinfluenceontweetC．Tweet'spopularityD．Neworganizations'understandingoftweet【答案】A【解析】本題考查概括段落大意。本段出現(xiàn)頻率最高的詞是celebrity,本段一直在講名人如何使用微博，故選A?！局R點】概括段落大意Task2Themachineryoutsidethecalorimetersrecordseverything.NicolaWaltershadtimefortheexperiments.23.Volunteershavetogetpreparedforthetimeinthecalorimeter.24.Theexperimentsshowthathigh-fatdiets.25.ResearcherswatchedNicolapedaling.A.thevolunteersdo.becauseshedoesnothaveaweightproblem.becausethelifetherecanbeveryboring.D.makepeopleovereat.E.becauseshewasherownboss.F.soastocontrolthespeed.21.Themachineryoutsidethecalorimetersrecordseverything.顯示答案【答案】A【解析】根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵詞calorimeters和record定位在第一段。從第一段第三句話尤其是后半句Outsidetheseroomsanothersignreads‘Pleasedonotenter-workinprogress'andinfrontoftheroomsadvancedmachineryregisterseverymovethevolunteersmake.可知答案為A。此處record和register屬同義替換。22.NicolaWaltershadtimefortheexperiments.顯示答案【答案】E【解析】根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵詞NicolaWalters定位在第二段，關(guān)鍵句是第二段的第三句話Aself-employedcommunitydanceworker,shewasabletofittheexperimentinaroundherwork.Volunteershavetogetpreparedforthetimeinthecalorimeter.顯示答案【答案】C【解析】根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵詞volunteers及同一順序的原則定位在第四段。該段主要講了密室里的生活很枯燥。同時根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析可知此處需填從句，故從B和C中選擇。Theexperimentsshowthathigh-fatdiets.顯示答案【答案】D【解析】根據(jù)第五段第二三句話Volunteersarealreadyshowingthathigh-fatdiets高脂膳食arelesslikelytomakeyoufeelfull.Believingthattheymaynowknowwhatencouragespeopletoovereat,…ResearcherswatchedNicolapedaling.顯示答案【答案】F【解析】根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵詞researchers,Nicola及pedaling定位在第四段的最后一句Shepedaled（踩踏板）forhalfanhour,watchedbyresearcherstomakesureshedidn'tgotoofast.小貼士：根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵詞回到原文中快速進(jìn)行定位是取得高分的訣竅，同時要觀察題干的結(jié)構(gòu)及備選答案的結(jié)構(gòu)以快速縮小范圍。請認(rèn)真答題，答題結(jié)果將記入知識點測評的成績！【單選題】Decidewhichofthestatementscanbefilledintheblanktomakethesentencecompleteaccordingtothefollowingpassage.1Flynn,attheePolicyInstitute,saysit'simportantthatemployershaveaclearonlinepolicyandthenexplainit.Shebelievesnotenoughemployershaveconductedformaltrainingonsuchmattersasonlineresponsibilityandconfidentiality（保密性）.2Meantime,heradvicetoanyemployeeisthis:\startblogging.Don'tstartchatting.Don'tevenstarte-mailinguntilyoureadthecompanypolicy.\Flynnsuggeststhatemployeesshouldstartblogging,chattingore-mailingonlyaftertheyfinish.A．havingaclearonlinepolicyB．readthecompanypolicyC．readingthecompanypolicyD．haveconductedformaltraining【答案】C【解析】本題考查補(bǔ)全句子。根據(jù)題干中的startblogging，chatting，e-mailing定位在第二段。再根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)，因為finish要接動名詞作賓語，可以排除B和D,再根據(jù)\Don'tstartchatting.Don'tevenstarte-mailinguntilyoureadthecompanypolicy.'可以確定答案為readingthecompanypolicy，即C?！局R點】補(bǔ)全句子Passage2（選自Self-Assessment1）FiveReasonstoCelebrateMistakes①M(fèi)istakeshaveawayoffocusingourattentionandputtingcrucialproblemsrightinourface.Mistakeslightapathforus.Whenweownuptoourmistakes,weoftenknowexactlywhat'sworkingandwhatwecandotofixit.②Thereisonesurewaytoavoidmistakesandthat'stoavoidlife.Thewriterwhoneverfinishesabookwillneverhavetoworryaboutgettingnegativereviews.Thecomedianwhoneverperformsinfrontofanaudienceissuretoavoidtellingjokesthatfallflat失敗，達(dá)不到預(yù)期效果.Whenwearecomfortablewithmakingmistakes,we'remorelikelytotakerisksandtackleprojects.Celebratingmistakesinvolveswisdom.Effectivepeopledon'tsetgoalswiththeideaofmakingmistakes.Instead,theyaimtoreachthosegoalswhileacceptingtheriskoferror.Imagineworkingatacompanythathasnostandards-wheremistakesarenotdistinguishedfromsuccessesandnooneisheldaccountableforerrors.Wecouldturninthemostcarelessandthecrudest未加工的，膚淺的piecesofworkwe'deverdone,andtheywouldgettreatedthesameasourbestwork.We'dneverbeabletocountonhavingthesuppliesweneededbecausenoonewouldcomplainwhenvendors供應(yīng)商，商販failedtodeliver.Projectscouldgopermanentlyunfinishedandnoonewouldsayanything.Inanatmospherewherethere'snodifferencebetweenfailureandsuccess,theword\wouldbewithoutmeaning.Mistakescanhappenonlywhenpeoplearetrulycommittedtomakingthingswork.Theword\whatwedesire.Noticingandadmittingourmistakesremindsusofwhatwereallywanttohave,do,andbe.Mistakesofferusanopportunitytopracticetruthtelling.Withthisactcometherewardsofhonestyandfrankness,includingself-knowledge自知之明andthecapacityforchange.Aswetellthetruthaboutourmistakes,wecanbenefitbyreleasingshameandblame.Fixingmistakesandpreventingthemfromhappeningagainarekeygoals.Mistakesareusuallymoreinstructivethansuccesses-andoftenfarmoreinteresting.Thelessonswelearnfrommakingmistakesoftenstickwithusforalifetime.Wecantrans