2022年8月外文研究報(bào)告the rise of the gig economy in the us

THERISEOFTHEGIGECONOMY

INTHEU.S.ADOSSIERPLUS

ON

THENEWWAY

OFWORKING?“We’ve

probablyalldaydreamed

about

quitting

ourjobstopursue

ourpassion:toopen

acupcake

shop,pursuenovel-writing

fulltime,orsimplyleadguided

toursthrough

exotic

locales.Formanyofus,that

daydreamisarefugefrom

dailystresses

and

pressures.

Butthere’sa

neweconomicgameintownthat

promises

toplace

the

dreamof

settingone’s

own

hours,beingone’s

own

boss,and

deciding

one’s

own

paycheck

inthe

hands

ofordinaryAmericans.-Alexandrea

J.

Ravenelle(Author,

Hustle

and

Gig)Thenew

future

ofwork?ExecutiveSummaryThe

gigeconomy

goesby

many

names:the

sharingeconomy,

theplatformeconomy,

on-demand

economy,

networked

economy,

andsoon.

Despitethe

variance

interminology,

one

thing

isclear:the

gigeconomy,

whichisalabormarketcharacterized

by

short-termindependent

work,isbeing

hailedasthe

future

of

work.Widespreaduse

oftechnology,

inparticularsharingapps

suchasAirbnb

andUber,set

the

stageforthe

riseof

the

gig

economy.

The

Great

Recessionof2008and2009

contributed

tothis

rise,as

people

whowereeither

outof

workorlooking

tosupplement

their

wageswereableto

find

small"gigs"more

easily.The

riseof

the

gigeconomy

comesdown

toseveralfactors:onlyabout

60percent

of

millennials(bornbetween

1983and2002)areconsidered

middle-classas

well.?

Gigcompanies

provide

convenience

andflexibility,

both

forusersandforthe

contractorsworking

forthem.

This

allowsworkerstoworkontheir

termsratherthanthe

termsof

atraditionalemployer,

resultinginhigher

jobsatisfactionforgig

workersthantraditional

employees.This

increaseinindependent

workershasled

sometotheorize

thattheverynatureof

workischanging

completely

andthat

injust

afew

years’time,the

majority

of

workerswillbeindependent

–working

remotelyandon

their

own

terms.Others,

however,

maintain

that

the

gigeconomyisnot

expanding

as

quicklyorassignificantlyas

firstassumed.Nomatterwhat,demographic

shifts

andthe

changing

natureofemployment

aresureto

haveanimpact

on

how

andwhywe

work,butthatdoes

not

meanthatHRdepartments

needtochange

their

hiringprocesses

just

yet.?

Firstly,

the

number

of

independent

workers,

including

contingentworkers,

freelanceworkers,

andgigworkers(pleaseseepage34

forfurther

discussion

of

these

terms)hasbeen

steadilyincreasing.Wageshavebeen

stagnatingsince

the

GreatRecession,sowhilethenumber

of

jobs

has

been

onthe

rise,wages

haveremainedaboutthesame.This

reportwillexplore

the

nature,rise,andreachof

the

gigeconomyandwilltake

alook

at

gig

workersandtheir

motivations

forpursuingthis

typeof

work.Additionally,

itwillexaminethe

advantagesof

workinginthe

gigeconomy(bothfor

employersandemployees),as

wellassomeof

its

drawbacks.?

According

tothe

OECD,the

middleclass

inthe

U.S.

has

beenshrinking–meaning

thatwhile

about

68percent

of

babyboomers(bornbetween

1943

and1964)areconsidered

tobe

middle-class,Source(s):

OECD

(Organisationfor

EconomicCo-operationandDevelopment)401Overview?

Whataregig

workers??

Flexibility

in

employmentGig

workandfreelancing

is

becomingmore

commonNumberofpeople

freelancingin

the

U.S.

from

2014to202060Whatare

gigworkers?Agigworkerissomeone

whoworksshort-term,contractedpositions

ratherthanatraditional,full-time

job.59.05958575655545352One

defining

qualityof

gigworkersisthattheytypicallyfind

employment

on

anapp–

themostfamous

ofwhichareUberandAirbnb.These

apps,orplatforms,actasamiddlemanbetween

the

gig

workerandthe

customer,allowingfor

freedom

of

choice

forbothparties.In2020,

59million

people

werealready

benefitting

fromthe

freedom

the

gigeconomyprovides.57.35756.755Gigworkisgenerallyeither

ashort

task–

suchasdriving

acustomer

from

point

Atopoint

B,delivering

groceries,

orputting

together

somefurniture

–

oritispartof

alonger

project,

likewriting

atext

for

awebsite.

Gigworkistypicallypaidby

the

hour

orby

task,andworkersarenot

considered

full

employees

ofthe

platformbut

ratherworkindependently.53.753.02014201520162017201820192020Note(s):United

States;2014

to2020Source(s):

Bureau

of

LaborStatistics;

Edelman;Upwork;

ID6854686Thenumberofpeople

working

independently

hasincreased

across

theboardNumberof

people

workingindependently

inthe

U.S.

from

2017to

2021,by

frequency

(inmillions)Occasionalindependentworkers*60Part-timeindependentworkers**Full-timeindependentworkers***Flexibility

in

employmentOneremarkable

feature

ofthegig

economyisthat

anyonecanbeapartofit,and

nospecialqualifications

are

needed.

Whilefull-timeindependent

workhadbeenonthedeclinesince2017,

theimpactofthe

COVID-19pandemicincreasedthefrequency

ofindependent

workacrosstheboard.Infact,full-timeindependent

workers

increasedfrom13.6millionpeople

in

2020

to17millionin2021.51.15040302010040.916.241.015.841.115.317.038.213.68.810.2Despite

the

numberoffull-timegig

workersdeclining

between

2017

and2020,

thenumberofpeople

whoparticipate

in

thegig

economyonthe

sidehasbeenincreasing.

Thishasallowedworkers

tomoonlight

inaddition

tofull-timepositions

in

ordertosupplement

theirincome,giving

themmore

flexibility

inbothemploymentand

income.10.811.111.823.915.815.014.112.920172018201920202021Note(s):United

States;July

2021;

6,240

respondents;

18years

andolder;*occasionalindependent

workers

are

defined

as

peoplewhoworkindependently

at

least

onceamonth;**part-time

independent

workers

are

defined

as

people

whoregularly

work

15

hoursper

weekon

anindependent

basis;

***full-time

independent

workers

aredefined

as

people

whoregularly

work

over15

hours

per

weekon

anindependent

basis.7Source(s):

MBO

Partners;

ID918285Thesharingeconomyisbecomingmore

popularNumberof

sharingeconomy

users

intheU.S.

from

2016to

2021Thegig,orsharing,economy

is

gaining86.5prominence81.2The

sharingeconomyhasbecome

moreandmoreubiquitous

over

the

pastfew

years,andnot

just

inthe

workplace.As

people

starttofavorride-sharingapps,like

UberorLyft,

overtaxis,andhome-sharing

apps,like

Airbnb,over

hotels,

these

companies

aretakingupmorespaceinour

collective

consciousness,allowingpeople

tohavemore

control

overhow

they

wantto

travel,

live,eat,andwork.73.766.356.544.8Whencomparedto2016,

itisexpected

thatthe

number

of

sharingeconomyusersintheUnited

Stateswillhavedoubled

by

2021,whichinconjunction

with

ariseinthenumber

of

freelancers,iscausingthe

gigeconomytobecome

amoreprominentsegmentof

the

economyandsociety.20162017*2018*2019*2020*2021*Note(s):United

States;2016;

18

yearsandolder;personswhohaveusedtheir

accountforacommunity-basedonline

service

thatcoordinatespeer-to-peer

paidaccesstoproperty,goods,

andservices

(e.g.,

Airbnb,Uber)

at

leastonceduring

the

calendaryear;excludes

crowdsourcing,

groupbuying,

incorporatedprofessionalservices

andonlinemarketplaces;*forecast8Source(s):

eMarketer;MorningConsult;ID

28985602The

New

Normal?

The

GreatRecession?

The

rise

ofthegig

economy?

Finding

work

onlineHighunemployment

and

adropinGDPgrowth

in2009helpedfueltheriseof

the

gigeconomy12%Economic

decline

and

arisein

gigworkersThe

GreatRecession

in2008and2009helped

push

the

adventof

the

gigeconomy.

High

unemployment,

slowedGDPgrowth,

andan

increaseinthe

useof

sharingappsencouraged

people

tofind

new

waystomakea

living.

Aspeople

lost

theirjobs,

the

gig

economyoffered

anew

way

tomakeends

meet.10%8%6%4%2%0%'90

'91

'92

'93

'94

'95

'96

'97

'98

'99

'00

'01

'02

'03

'04

'05

'06

'07

'08

'09

'10

'11

'12

'13

'14

'15

'16

'17

'18

'19

'20Whilethe

fullimpactof

the

coronavirus(COVID-19)pandemic

on

the

gigeconomyremainstobeseen,

the

samepatterncouldhappen

again.Anincreaseinunemployment

andadecline

in

GDPgrowth

could

drivemoreemployees

to

find

contemporarysolutions

totheir

unemployment,

suchas

inthe

gigeconomy.6%4%2%'09'200%'90

'91

'92

'93

'94

'95

'96

'97

'98

'99

'00

'01

'02

'03

'04

'05

'06

'07

'08

09

'10

'11

'12

'13

'14

'15

'16

'17

'18

'19-2%-4%Note(s):United

States;1990

to2020;

16

yearsandolderSource(s):

BEA;

Bureauof

LaborStatistics;U.S.Departmentof

Commerce;ID

188165;

ID

19322010Thevalueofthegigeconomy

isprojected

toincreaseGig

economy

projected

gross

volume

from

2018

to2023500Increasingvalue201820192020202120222023According

toastudyby

MasterCard,the

grossvolume

of

the

gigeconomy

isexpected

tomorethan

double

by

2023:

from

204

billionU.S.dollarsin2018to455.2

billion

U.S.

dollarsin2023.

Inthis

study,

itwastheorized

thatincreasingdigitization,

evolving

societalattitudes,

ashift

toward

flexible

work,andrisingcosts

ofliving

-along

withashrinking

middleclass-willcausethe

gig

economytogrowquicklyover

the

next

few

years.450400350300250200150455.2401.4347.8The

changing

economic

landscapeof

the

pastdecadehasmadeitsothatworkersessentiallyhaveto

take

their

incomeinto

their

own

hands.Fewermillennialsareconsidered

partof

themiddle

class

thantheir

parent’sgeneration,

andstagnating

wages

willonly

exacerbatethisproblem.

Forsome,

working

asidejob

inthegigeconomy

isthe

best

way

tosupplementtheir

wagesandmakeends

meet.296.7248.3204.0Note(s):United

States;2019Source(s):

MasterCard;

ID103456411Source(s):

OECD;U.S.Bureauof

LaborStatisticsMore

people

are

findingwork

via

theinternetIncrease

infreelancersfinding

work

onlineinthe

U.S.in2019Therise

ofonline

workAirbnb

andUberwere

founded

in2008

and2009,

respectively,

andcame

toprominencerightat

the

heightof

the

GreatRecession,

whenpeople

wereout

of

workandlooking

tomakeends

meet.

The

promiseof

workandflexibilityinworkhelped

jumpstartthe

gig

economyandthe

riseof

finding

workonline.3%29%IncreasedSince

itsinception,

the

internet

hasbecome

anintegralpartof

everydaylife,soitisno

wonderthatpeople

havefound

workonline

as

well.In2019,

68

percent

of

freelancersreported

anincrease

infinding

workonline.

Withworkmoving

moreandmore

into

the

digitalrealm,itisincreasinglypossible

forjobs

to

bedone

fromanywhereandat

anytime,allowing

forincreasedflexibility

forboth

employers

andemployees.StayedthesameDecreased68%Note(s):United

States;June

7

toJuly

3,

2019;

6,001

respondents;

18

years

andolder;skilled

freelancing

adultswhohavedonepaidwork

inthepast

12

monthsSource(s):

Edelman;Upwork;

ID

68570212Freelancers

are

prominent

increative

industriesShare

ofpeople

freelancinginthe

U.S.

in2019,by

industryFreelancersNon-freelancersGigworkers

in

every

industryShare

ofrespondents0%100%25%Gigworkersparticipatein

almosteveryindustry

inthe

United

States,particularly

increativeindustries

suchas

arts

anddesign

orentertainment.The

abilityof

the

gig

economytocatertothe

needs

of

the

worker

isclearlyappealingacrossallindustries.

Moretraditionalindustries,

such

as

officework,healthcare,andhealthcaresupport,

tend

to

haveasmaller

shareof

freelancersthanothers.

Theseindustries

tend

tobelessflexible

thanothers,

requiring

employees

tobeinone

set

spaceduring

sethours,although

thismay

change

inthefuture.Artsanddesign

75%Entertainment

55%45%48%58%58%65%68%68%69%71%71%73%75%75%Construction

52%Architecture/engineering

42%Computers/mathematics

42%Transportation

35%Retail/sales

32%Education

32%Finance/businessoperations

31%Management(ofanyindustry)

29%Foodpreparation/service

29%Healthcare(practitioners,technicalstaff)

27%Officework/administrativesupport

25%Healthcaresupport

25%Note(s):United

States;June

7

toJuly

3,

2019;

6,001

respondents;

18

yearsandolder;adultswhohavedonepaidwork

inthepast

12

monthsSource(s):

Edelman;Upwork;

U.S.Bureauof

LaborStatistics;ID

11281171303The

makeup

ofagigworker?

Demographics?

Organizations?

MotivationsFreelanceparticipationis

highestamong

youngergenerationsShare

of

freelancers

U.S.2020,by

generation50%Half

of

Gen

Zers

participate

in

thegigeconomy44%Havinggrown

up

withtechnology,millennialsandGenZersareataparticularadvantage

when

working

inthe

gig

economy.

Comfort

with

rapidtechnological

changeandthe

desireforindependence

andflexible30%26%employment

makepeople

betweenthe

agesof

18and38

idealcandidatesforgig

work.Additionally,

issues

withtraditionalworksuchasjobinsecurity,contractualflexibility,

andoftenGenZ(18to22yearsold)Millennials(23to38

yearsold)GenX(39to54yearsold)Babyboomers(55+yearsold)overqualification

andunderemployment

amongmillennialsandGenZersmakegig

economyworkmoreappealingfor

these

generations.Note(s):United

States;June

15

to

July

7,

2020;

6,001

respondents;18

yearsandolder;

adults

whohavedonepaidwork

inthe

past

12monthsSource(s):

Edelman;Upwork;

ID

53101215Thedistribution

offreelancers

by

ethnicity

closely

matchestheU.S.workforce

as

awholeDistribution

offreelancers

intheU.S.

in2019,

by

racialbackground66%Temporary

workand

ethnicityFreelancersU.S.workersoverall62%According

toasurveyconducted

by

UpworkandEdelman,the

gigeconomyisdominated

bywhiteworkers,with62percent

of

freelancersbeing

white,

comparedto66percent

of

the

U.S.workforce

as

awhole.

The

ethnicity

offreelancerscloselymatchesthe

distribution

ofethnicities

inthe

Americanworkforceasawhole.However,

amorenuancedlook

atindustrieswithcontingent

workersprovides

aninterestingstory:Freelancersandconsultants,

whichchargehigh

hourlyfees

(as

canbeseenonpage20),aremorelikely

tobewhite,

whilethose

working

for

tempagenciesandin

gigjobs,

whichpaylowerrates,aremore

likelytobeminorities.

Just

as

the

gender

andracial

paygapsexist

inthe

traditionalworkforce,

so

toodoes

itexistin

the

gigeconomy.16%15%12%10%5%5%4%3%WhiteHispanicor

LatinoAfricanorAfrican

Asian-American/AsiandescentAllothersNote(s):United

States;June

7

toJuly

3,

2019;

6,001

respondents;18

years

andolder;adultswhohavedonepaidwork

inthepast

12

monthsSource(s):

Edelman;Upwork;

ID

531027Source(s):

U.S.

Bureauof

LaborStatistics16Gigeconomyworkerstendtoworkless

than

40hours

perweekTotalnumberof

hours

worked

perweekby

gigeconomy

workers

intheU.S.

in201827%27%Choosing

theirownscheduleWhilethe

gigeconomyallows

workerstochoose

their

ownschedule,

almost

aquarterof

people

worklonger

thanastandardworkweek.

According

tothe

latestavailable

data,in2018,

23percent

of

gigworkersreported

working

morethan40hours

perweek.

Inadditiontotypicallyworkingmore

than

one

job

–

whichpresents

workerswithgreaterfinancialstabilitythanonlyworking

one

job

–

gigworkersareworking

longer

hours

andmore

jobs

thanthe

typicalAmericanworker,

whichcouldleadto

them

beingstretched

thinner.18%16%Withover

70percent

working

lessthan40hours

per

week,however,

the

ideaof

the

gig

economyallowingworkers

tochoose

their

own

hours

becomes

moreprominent.

Thegoalof

the

gigeconomy

istobeaplaceof

fullyindependent

work,where

workerscandecide

their

ownschedule

andonlyworkwhenthey

choose.

As

willbeshown

on

the

next

page,this

hasbeen

apopular

sellingpoint

andgood

motivation

forworkerstojointhe

gigeconomy.4%4%3%1%10orless11to2021to3031to4041to5051to6061+Don'tknow/noopinionNote(s):United

States;August

16

to19,

2018;

498

respondents;

18

years

andolder;gig

economyworkers

self-identified

as

suchSource(s):

MorningConsult;ID91650817Freelanceworkershave

amyriadofmotivationsMainreasons

forfreelanceworkin

the

U.S.in2020Share

ofrespondentsFlexibility

comesoutontopAlmost

all

of

the

top

motivations

forfreelancing

listedinthis

Upwork/Edelmansurveyhadto

dowithwork-life

balance,andfreelancersreported

thatthese

werehuge

reasonswhythey

chose

toworkindependently.Over70percent

of

people

working

inthe

gig

economydosoto

haveflexibility

intheir

schedule,

andanother66percent

dosobecause

they

gettobetheirownboss.Workers

movingfrom

traditionalemployment

tothegigeconomy

seeking

animproved

work-life

balancecouldbeseenas

atough

critique

ofthe

traditionalworkplace.While

itwas

once

expected

thatpeopleshould

stay

inone

placeforeight

hours

aday,

havelittleindependence,

andacceptthe

limitsplacedonthe

amount

of

timethey

canspend

withfamily,therisingpopularityof

the

gig

economychallenges

this.To

haveflexibilityinmyscheduleTobe

myownboss71%66%66%66%To

beincontrolofmyownfinancialfutureTo

workfromthe

locationof

mychoosingTo

be

able

topursue

work

Iampassionateabout

orfindmeaningful64%To

beabletospendmoretimewithfamily55%Note(s):United

States;June

15

to

July

7,

2020;

6,001

respondents;18

yearsandolder;

adults

whohavedonepaidwork

inthe

past

12monthsSource(s):

Edelman;Upwork;

ID

53088718Men

appreciatebeingtheirown

boss,

while

womenprefer

flexibilityReasons

forchoosingindependent

workinthe

U.S.

in2020,by

genderMenWomen74%Differencesin

motivationsbetweengendersWomen

andmenhavevarying69%motivations

forworking

inthe

gigeconomy.

Men

tend

tochoose

toworkinthe

gigeconomyasthey

love

beingtheir

own

boss,

with69percent

ofmale

gig

workersselecting

this

option.Women,

onthe

other

hand,

tend

tochoose

gig

workdue

toincreasedflexibility

andcontrol

over

theirschedule,

perhapsdue

tochildcareconcerns

orother

familial59%55%54%43%responsibilities.

Forwomen,

flexibilitycame

first,followed

by

being

theirownboss,

withearningmoremoneycoming

inadistantthird.LovebeingmyownbossPrioritizeflexibilityEarn

moremoneyindependentlyNote(s):United

States;August

2020;

3,687

respondents;

21

yearsandolderSource(s):

MBO

Partners;

ID91800619Massagetherapists

have

thehighesthourly

earningsHighestpayinggigeconomy

jobsintheU.S.

in2020,

by

earningsperhourThehighest-payinggigsHourly

salaryinU.S.

dollarsWhilecertainjobs

canleadto

somegigeconomyworkersbeing

termed

“high-earning,”

high-earninggigeconomyworkersarethe

exceptionratherthanthe

norm.

Highearners,whicharethose

making100,000

U.S.

dollarsperyearormore,onlymakeup

about20

percent

of

all

gigworkers.MassagetherapyFreelance*Home-cookingTeaching27.8425.3325.2320.81Delivery17.10In2020,

the

highest

payinggigeconomyjob

wasmassage

therapy,

at27.84

U.S.

dollarsperhour.Freelancers,whichincludemanycreativeHandymanBabysittingDriving16.7115.76industries,

earnedanaverage

of

25.33U.S.dollarsperhour.

Whenlooking

at

earnings

perhour

of

gigworkers,it

isimportanttokeep

inmind

thatthis

hourlyfee

does

not

gostraightintothe

workers’pockets.

Taxes,

healthinsurance,retirement,

andsavingsareall

tobepaidout

ofthese

hourlyfees,

makingthe

take-home

paysmaller

thanit

may

appearatfirstglance.14.3614.00LocalguidingPet

sitting/walkingCleaning13.1711.29Note(s):United

States;2020;

*includes

editors,translators,

photographers,artists,

copywriters,designers,andconsultants.Source(s):

AppJobs;Indeed;

PayScale;ID

1035454Source(s):

MBO

Partners2004Pros

ofthe

gig

economy?

Jobsatisfaction?

Flexibility?

SkillsHighsatisfaction

inshort-termworkWorking

inthe

gig

economyfallsinquite

wellwiththe

ideaof

theAmericanDream.The

ideathata

personcanmove

upin

the

worldpurely

through

hardworkand“pulling

yourself

up

by

yourbootstraps”

isastrong

one

for

many

Americans.Additionally,

ifsomeone

isunsatisfiedwiththeir

job,

there

isalso

astrong

trend

of

entrepreneurship

and“being

yourown

boss.”

The

gigeconomyfits

inperfectlywiththeseAmericanideals:participationin

the

gigeconomy

isbilledas

allowingworkerstochoose

their

own

hours,

befullyinchargeoftheir

income,andfind

meaningful

work.The

gigeconomy

provides

employees

withopportunities

thattraditionalworkdoes

not.

Forexample,

itallows

stay-at-home

parentstocontribute

tothe

household

income

whilespending

time

withtheir

childorallows

retireestosupplement

their

income

whilenot

officiallyreturning

tothe

workforce.Additionally,

working

inthe

gigeconomyprovides

workers

withskillsthey

may

not

haveacquired

elsewhere

orinafull-time

job.

Working

inthe

gig

economymeansthatparticipantsneed

tobetheir

ownmarketers,salespeople,

accountants,

andmanagers,amongotherthings.

Thiscouldmakeworkersmorewell-rounded

employees

iftheyever

decide

toreturn

to

the

traditional

workforce.Despitegig

workershavingmorethanone

job

–andasseenon

page17,

almost

aquarterworkmore

than

40hours

per

week–jobsatisfactionamonggigworkersisremarkably

high.

As

can

beseenonthe

next

page,

77percent

ofAmericangig

workersareverysatisfiedwiththeir

job,

comparedwithonlyone

percent

whoareverydissatisfied.

The

majority

of

gig

workersarealsosatisfiedwiththeirincome,

although

itisimportanttokeep

inmind

thatparticipationinthegigeconomy

can

alsobethrough

working

asidegiginadditiontoafull-timeorpart-timejob

anddoes

not

just

meanworking

gigsexclusively.22More

than

three

quartersofindependentworkers

areverysatisfiedwith

theirjobSatisfactionof

gigeconomy

workers

withindependent

work

U.S.2021VerysatisfiedHigh

satisfactionamong

gigworkers77%Gigworkersconsistently

report

veryhighlevels

ofjob

satisfaction.

Inthemostrecent

survey

from2021,

awhopping

77percent

reported

thatthey

wereverysatisfiedwiththeir

job.Onlyone

percent

reported

being

verydissatisfiedwiththeir

positions.Neutral22%This

highlevelof

satisfactioncould

bedue

tomultiplefactors,suchas

beingone‘s

own

boss,

the

freedom

to

workfromanywhere,

as

wellas

financialindependence

(as

canbeseenonpage18).Verydissatisfied1%Note(s):United

States;July2021;

928

respondents;18

years

andolder;independent

workersSource(s):

Emergent

Research;MBO

Partners;

RockbridgeAssociates;

ID

91629423More

than

half

offreelancers

wouldnotreturn

totraditional

workfor

any

amount

of

moneySalaryincrease

requirementsofU.S.

freelancerstoreturn

toatraditional

job,

asof2019Share

ofrespondentsApricelessjobJust

over

halfof

all

freelancerssaythatno

amount

ofmoney

could

convincethem

toreturn

toatraditionaljob.

Forthese

freelancers,the

benefits

offreelancing

far

outweigh

anysort

ofuncertaintyaround

their

salary.However,

almost

one-third

of

allfreelancers,29percent,

say

thatasalary

increaseofless

than5,000U.S.dollarswouldbeenough

toconvincethem

toreturn

toatraditional,salaried

position

andgive

upMorethan100,00050,000-99,99920,000-49,00010,000-19,9995,000-9,9994%5%5%4%2%freelancing.Lessthan5,000Noamount29%51%Note(s):United

States;June

7

toJuly

3,

2019;

6,001

respondents;

18

years

andolder;adultswhohavedonepaidwork

inthelast

12

monthsSource(s):

E