2023年高考英語(yǔ)外刊時(shí)文精讀專題01生物多樣性保護(hù)(含答案)

2023年高考英語(yǔ)外刊時(shí)文精讀精練（1）Biodiversityconservationconversation

生物多樣性保護(hù)對(duì)話

主題語(yǔ)境：人與自然 主題語(yǔ)境內(nèi)容：人與環(huán)境，人與動(dòng)植物【外刊原文】（斜體單詞為超綱詞匯，認(rèn)識(shí)即可；下劃線單詞為課標(biāo)詞匯，需熟記。）China'sapprovalonthe“Kunmingdeclaration昆明宣言"goesbeyonditsname.Signedbyover100countriesinOctober,thepledge（誓言）setthetoneforCOP15,thelargestUNbiodiversitygatheringinadecade.Theconference,takingplaceintwoparts,isbeinghostedbyChinaforthefirsttime.ItssecondmeetingwasSChedUIedforAprilbutalsolookslikelytobepostponed（推遲）.ThehostcityisthecapitalofYunnan,asouth-westernprovincethatisaShOwCaSe（展示）ofthebiodiversitythatChinaneedstopreserve,fromsteamyjungletomountainglaciers.Asaforum（論壇）inwhichChinacandemonstrateitsgreenleadershipcertification（資格），COP15hasaspecialappeal.Thecountryisalerttotheimportanceofglobalnorms（規(guī)范）。9reducingclimatechange.Evenwhenindisputeonothermatters,AmericaandChinahaveshowncooperationonlimitingemissions（排放）.ThethemeforKunmingisitshomegrownideaof_SUStainabIe可持續(xù)的）growth:“ecologicalCiViIizatiOn（生態(tài)文明）”.ThetermwaswrittenintoChina'sCOnStitUtion（憲法）in2018,suggestinghowcentralitnowisinguidingdevelopment.TheKunmingdeclarationisfilledwithotherfavouritegreeningconceptsofBeijing,includingthe“two-mountainstheory”.Thisstatesthat“greenmountainsaregoldmountains”:thatis,theenvironmentcannolongerbesacrificedfordevelopment.Fordecades,Chinapursuedsingle-mindedeconomicgrowth,whichallowedmillionstoliftthemselvesoutofpoverty.Butpollutiondamagedwildlifeandhabitats.Morethanoneinfivesurvivingspeciesfacesextinction.Inthefivedecadesto2000overhalfofthecountry'smangroves紅樹(shù)林disappeared.Some90%ofgrasslandsareatvaryingstagesofdegradation（退化）ordesertifiCation（荒漠化），andalmosthalfofwild-animalpopulationsareindecline,killedbytheillegaltradeinwildlife.Yet,despitethedamageofUrbanization（城市化），Chinahasmuchlefttoprotect.Itishometo10%oftheworld'splantspecies,14%ofanimalonesand20%offish.Atthesecondmeeting,representativeswillsetgoalsfor2030topreserveglobalplantandanimallife.InOctoberChina'sPresidentIaUnChedtheKunmingbiodiversityFund,towhichChinahascontributed1.5bnyuan（$230m）.China'sPresidentalsoannouncedtheformalopeningoffivenationalparks,covering230,000sqkm,hometooveraquarterofChina'sterreStriaI陸生的）wildlifespecies.Still,China'sbroaderCOmmitmentisfarfromclear.In2020,inaspeechtotheUNGeneralAssembly,China'sPresidentunexpectedlycommittedthecountrytocarbonneutrality（碳中和）by2060.TheninSeptemberheannouncedthatthecountrywouldnotfinancenewcoalprojectsabroad.Butfornow,Chinaremainsthelargestconsumerofcoalandemitterofcarbondioxide.GreenpeacecalledtheKunmingdeclaration“atoothlesstiger”.Keepingcitizenshappyisbecomingapowerfulincentive（動(dòng)機(jī)）forChina.Theyarecomplainingaboutmorethanpollutedwaterandpoisonousair.Theglobaldebateabouttheoriginsofcovid-19hasputafocusonthecostsofdestroyinghabitatsand trading wildlife. InFebruary2020China’slegislature立法機(jī)關(guān)）expandedthescope（范圍）ofitswildlifeprotectionlawtobantheconsumptionofalmostallwildanimals.【課標(biāo)詞匯】approval贊成；同意；稱許?Heshowedhisapprovalbysmilingbroadly.他持贊成的態(tài)度，這從他開(kāi)心的微笑就看得出來(lái)。?Alanissomeonewhoalwaysneedstheapprovalofotherpeople.艾倫這個(gè)人做甚么事都希望得到別人的贊許。Sign簽（名），署（名）；簽署，簽字?HesignedhisnameattheendoftheIetter.他在信的末尾簽上了自己的名字。?ShesaidthepaintingwasbyPicasso,butitwasn'tsigned.她說(shuō)這幅畫(huà)是畢卡索倉(cāng)IJ作的，但畫(huà)上沒(méi)有他的簽名。SChedUIe為…安排時(shí)間；安排，排定?Themeetinghasbeenscheduledfortomorrowafternoon.會(huì)議安排在明天下午。?Thetrainisscheduledtoarriveat8.45,butit'srunningtwentyminuteslate.火車預(yù)定于8：45到達(dá)，但今天會(huì)誤點(diǎn)20分鐘。PreserVe保護(hù)，維護(hù)；保存；保養(yǎng)?Wewanttopreservethecharacterofthetownwhileimprovingthefacilities.我們想在改善市鎮(zhèn)設(shè)施的同時(shí)保存其特色。?Theagreementpreservedourrighttolimittradeinendangeredspecies.這項(xiàng)協(xié)定保留了我們限制瀕危物種貿(mào)易的權(quán)利。demonstrate展示，演示?He'sgotajobdemonstratingkitchenequipmentinadepartmentstore.他找至U一份在百貨店示范廚房設(shè)備的工作。?They'llbedemonstratinghowtohandlemodern,highperformancecars.他們將要演示如何操控現(xiàn)代化的高性能汽車。appeal吸引力，趣味性?Partiesonriver-boatshavelosttheirappealsinceonesanklastyearkillingthirty-threepeople.去年一艘游船沉沒(méi)導(dǎo)致33人喪生，從那時(shí)起，河上泛舟游樂(lè)會(huì)已失去了吸引力。?Theprogrammehasaverywideappeal.這個(gè)節(jié)目廣受歡迎。alert機(jī)警的，機(jī)敏的，敏捷的?Parentsshouldbealerttosuddenchangesinchildren'sbehaviour.父母應(yīng)該對(duì)孩子行為的突然變化有所警覺(jué)。?Takingnotesisoneofthebestwaystostayalertinlectures.記筆記是聽(tīng)課集中注意力的最佳方法之一。indispute正在受至懷疑的,在爭(zhēng)論中;處于爭(zhēng)議中?Idon'tthinkherabilityisindispute,whatIquestionisherattitude.我相信她的能力沒(méi)有問(wèn)題，但我懷疑她的態(tài)度。?Thefactsofthecasearestillindispute.這一案子的真相仍在爭(zhēng)議中sacrifice犧牲；獻(xiàn)出?Workingharddoesn'tmeansacrificingyoursociallife.努力工作并不意味著犧牲你的社交活動(dòng)。?Manywomensacrificeinterestingcareersfortheirfamily.許多女性為了家庭犧牲了自己感興趣的工作。pursue追求，從事，實(shí)行?Hedecidedtopursueacareerintelevision.他決心從事電視廣播業(yè)。?Weneedtodecidesoonwhatmarketingstrategyweshouldpursueforthesenewproducts.我們必須盡快決定對(duì)這些新產(chǎn)品采取何種行銷策略。?MichaelEvansisleavingthecompanytopursuehisownbusinessinterests.麥克?埃文斯準(zhǔn)備離開(kāi)這家公司，去自己創(chuàng)業(yè)。POVerty貧窮；貧困?Millionsofelderlypeopleliveinpoverty.幾百萬(wàn)老年人生活在貧困之中。?Therearemanyareaswheretheproblemsofpovertyandunemploymentstillpersist.在很多地方，貧困和失業(yè)的問(wèn)題依然存在。extinction滅絕；絕種?Theextinctionofthedinosaursoccurredmillionsofyearsago.恐龍?jiān)趲装偃f(wàn)年前已經(jīng)絕種?Manyspeciesofplantsandanimalsareindangerof/threatenedwithextinction（=beingdestroyedsothattheynolongerexist）.多種動(dòng)植物都面臨絕種的危機(jī)。decline減少，降低：?Spendingoninformationtechnologyhasdeclined.用于信息技術(shù)的支出減少了。?Carsaleshavedeclinedbyaquarter.汽車銷量下滑了四分之一。IaUnCh啟動(dòng)，推出，發(fā)起?Theschemewaslaunchedayearago.這項(xiàng)計(jì)劃是一年前開(kāi)始實(shí)施的。?Theorganizationhaslaunchedacampaigntoraise$150,000.為了籌集15萬(wàn)美元，該組織發(fā)起了一場(chǎng)募捐活動(dòng)。announce（尤指公開(kāi)地）宣布，宣告，通告?Theyannouncedthedeathoftheirmotherinthelocalpaper.他們?cè)谝患耶?dāng)?shù)貓?bào)紙上刊登了他們母親去世的訃告。?Sheannouncedthewinnerofthecompetitiontoanexcitedaudience.她向激動(dòng)的觀眾宣布了比賽的獲勝者。commit承諾，保證；（使）忠于；（使）致力于；投入（時(shí)間或金錢(qián)）?Thegovernmentmustcommititselftoimprovinghealthcare.政府必須致力改善醫(yī)療保健服務(wù)。?Bothsidescommittedthemselvestosettlethedisputepeacefully. 雙方承諾和平解決爭(zhēng)端。finance向…提供資金?ThelocalauthorityhasrefusedtofinancetheSCheme.地方政府拒絕為這項(xiàng)計(jì)劃提供資金。?TheconcertsarefinancedbytheArtsCOUnCiI.音樂(lè)會(huì)由藝術(shù)總會(huì)出資舉辦。debate討論；爭(zhēng)論?TheyhadbeendebatingforseveralhourswithoutreachingaConClUsion.他們已經(jīng)爭(zhēng)論了好幾個(gè)小時(shí)，仍然沒(méi)有得出一個(gè)結(jié)論。?Helikestodebateissueswithhisfriends.他喜歡跟朋友辯論各種問(wèn)題。expand（使）（尺寸、數(shù)量或重要性）擴(kuò)大，增加；（使）膨脹?Theairintheballoonexpandswhenheated.氣球里的空氣受熱后膨脹。?AChild'svoCabularyexpandsthroughreading.孩子的詞匯量通過(guò)閱讀得到擴(kuò)大。ban（尤指官方）禁止?Thefilmwasbanned（=thegovernmentpreventeditfrombeingshown）inseveralcountries.有幾個(gè)國(guó)家都禁止播放這部電影。?Shewasbannedfromdrivingfortwoyears.她被禁止駕駛兩年?！菊n標(biāo)詞匯精練】根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，從上面的“課標(biāo)詞匯”中選用合適的單詞及其正確形式將句子補(bǔ)充完整。Thecauseoftheaccidentwasstill.Hehimselfandsosavedhiscountry.Wemustencouragetheplantingofnewtreesandourexistingwoodlands.Instructorsshouldnewmovementsbeforelettingtheclasstrythem.Studentsshouldtheirowninterests,aswellasdotheirschoolwork.Weneedaneffectivestrategytofight.Thefilmhasgreatforyoungaudiences.Parentsmustbetothesymptomsofthedisease.Somepeoplepredicttheoffamilylifeasweknowittoday.Theauthoritieswhethertobuildanewcarpark.Samalwaystriedhardtowinhisfather's.JuliehasupforcoursesonEnglishandFrenchthisyear.MeetingsaretotakeplacealloverthecountryThebuildingprojectwillbebythegovernment.Afterthewar,thecityinimportance.ThepolicehaveaninvestigationintotheincidentIwouldadvisepeopletothinkverycarefullyaboutthemselvestoworkingSundays.Canadawillsmokinginallofficeslaterthisyear.Sydney'spopulationrapidlyinthe1960s.ThePrimeMinisterhasthatpublicspendingwillbeincreasednextyear.Keys:indispute事故的原因仍在爭(zhēng)議之中。Sacrificed他犧牲自己，以此拯救了他的祖國(guó)。preserve我們必須鼓勵(lì)栽種新樹(shù)木，同時(shí)也要保護(hù)現(xiàn)有的林地。demonstrate在班里的學(xué)員嘗試新的動(dòng)作前教練應(yīng)該進(jìn)行示范。PUrsUe除了完成課業(yè)之外，學(xué)生也應(yīng)該追求自己的興趣。poverty我們需要制定一個(gè)有效的對(duì)策來(lái)與貧困作斗爭(zhēng)。appeal這部電影對(duì)年輕觀眾有很大的吸引力。alert家長(zhǎng)必須對(duì)這種疾病的癥狀保持警覺(jué)。extinction一些人預(yù)言我們現(xiàn)在熟知的家庭生活方式將會(huì)消失。debated政府有關(guān)部門(mén)就是否要修建一座新停車場(chǎng)進(jìn)行了討論。approval薩姆總是盡一切努力去贏得父親的贊賞。signed茱莉已報(bào)名參加了今年開(kāi)設(shè)的英語(yǔ)和法語(yǔ)課程。schedUled會(huì)議安排在全國(guó)各地舉行。financed這個(gè)建筑項(xiàng)目將由政府出資。declined戰(zhàn)后這座城市的重要性下降了。launched警方已對(duì)該事件展開(kāi)調(diào)查。committing我建議大家慎重考慮一下答應(yīng)周日工作的問(wèn)題。ban加拿大將從今年晚些時(shí)候起在辦公場(chǎng)所全面禁煙。expanded20世紀(jì)60年代，悉尼的人口迅速增加。announced首相已經(jīng)宣布明年將增加公共開(kāi)支?！咀g文】中國(guó)對(duì)“昆明宣言”的認(rèn)可度遠(yuǎn)超過(guò)名稱本身。10月，100多個(gè)國(guó)家簽署了這一承諾，為聯(lián)合國(guó)十年來(lái)最大規(guī)模的《聯(lián)合國(guó)氣候變化框架公約》第十五次締約方會(huì)議（COP15）定下了基調(diào)。（原定于2020年舉行，但因新冠肺炎疫情多次推遲。）該會(huì)議分兩部分舉行，首次由中國(guó)主辦。第二次會(huì)議原定于4月舉行，但看起來(lái)也可能推遲。主辦城市是云南省省會(huì)，云南是中國(guó)需要保護(hù)的生物多樣性的西南展示省份，其范圍跨度從潮濕的叢林到山地冰川。作為中國(guó)展示其綠色領(lǐng)導(dǎo)能力的論壇，COP15具有特殊的吸引力。中國(guó)對(duì)緩解氣候變化的全球規(guī)范的重要性保持警惕。即使在其他問(wèn)題上存在爭(zhēng)議，美國(guó)和中國(guó)在限制排放方面也表現(xiàn)出了合作。昆明大會(huì)的主題是其可持續(xù)發(fā)展的本土理念：“生態(tài)文明”。該詞于2018年被寫(xiě)入中國(guó)憲法，顯示出“生態(tài)文明”在指導(dǎo)發(fā)展方面的重要性。昆明宣言中充滿了北京（中國(guó)）所推崇的其他綠化理念，包括“兩山論”一一即“綠水青山就是金