雅思閱讀語法7名詞性從句專題培訓(xùn)課件

雅思閱讀語法7名詞性從句雅思閱讀語法7名詞性從句1名詞性從句在句子中起名詞作用的句子叫名詞從句(NounClauses）。名詞從句的功能相當(dāng)于名詞詞組,它在復(fù)合句中能擔(dān)任主語、賓語、表語、同位語、介詞賓語等，因此根據(jù)它在句中不同的語法功能，名詞從句又可分別稱為主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連接詞引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連接詞可分為三類：連接詞：that、whether、if不充當(dāng)從句的任何成分）連接代詞：what、whatever、who、whoever、whom、whose、which.連接副詞：when、where、how、why名詞性從句在句子中起名詞作用的句子叫名詞從句(NounC2不可省略的連詞：1.介詞后的連詞2.引導(dǎo)主語從句和同位語從句的連詞不可省略。例如：Thatshewaschosenmadeusveryhappy.她被選上了，我們很高興。Weheardthenewsthatourteamhadwon.我們聽到消息說我們隊(duì)贏了。比較：whether與if均為"是否"的意思。但在下列情況下，whether不能被if取代：1.whether引導(dǎo)主語從句并在句首2.引導(dǎo)表語從句3.whether從句作介詞賓語4.從句后有"ornot"大部分連接詞引導(dǎo)的主語從句都可以置于句末，用it充當(dāng)形式主語。例如：Itisnotimportantwhowillgo.誰去，這不重要。Itisstillunknownwhichteamwillwinthematch.到底誰贏呢，形勢尚不明朗。不可省略的連詞：3主語從句在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)主語的從句一東升求實(shí)學(xué)校教育通訊工作總結(jié)報(bào)告DongshengQiushiXueXiaoJiaoyuTongXunGongzuoZongJie1.that引導(dǎo)主語從句

that引導(dǎo)主語從句時(shí)不同于其他的連詞，既無詞義也不作成分，只起單純的連接作用，且通常不可以省。為了強(qiáng)調(diào)that引導(dǎo)的主語從句而置之于句首時(shí)，that不可省。①Thatthedrivercouldnotcontrolhiscarwasobvious.②Thatshewaschosenmadeusveryhappy.③Thathewillcomeiscertain.④Thathewouldtaketheriskistrue.⑤Thatheshouldhavemarriedherisn'tsurprising.主語從句在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)主語的從句一東升求實(shí)學(xué)校教育通訊4東升求實(shí)學(xué)校教育通訊工作總結(jié)報(bào)告DongshengQiushiXueXiaoJiaoyuTongXunGongzuoZongJie★通常，that引導(dǎo)主語從句時(shí)用it做形式主語，把從句置于句尾，此時(shí)that有時(shí)可省。例如：①Itwasobviousthatthedrivercouldnotcontrolhiscar.②Itmadeusveryhappythatshewaschosen.③Itiscertainthathewillcome.④Itistruethathewouldtaketherisk.⑤Itisn'tsurprising(that)heshouldhavemarriedher.★如果以that從句為主語的句子是疑問句，就只能用先行詞it結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：①Isitcertainthathewillcome?②Isittruethathewouldtaketherisk?東升求實(shí)學(xué)校教育通訊工作總結(jié)報(bào)告★通常，that引導(dǎo)主語從句5東升求實(shí)學(xué)校教育通訊工作總結(jié)報(bào)告DongshengQiushiXueXiaoJiaoyuTongXunGongzuoZongJie▲it做形式主語有以下幾種不同的結(jié)構(gòu)：(1)It+be+形容詞+that-從句①Itislikelythathewillcome.②Itisstrangethatshehasevertrustedhim.③Itisimportantthathe(should)attendthemeeting.④Itisbestthathe(should)go.此句型在表示驚訝、喜悅、遺憾等感情色彩時(shí)，that從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞也常用(should)+v原形。Itisstrangethatnooneshouldhaveobjectedtotheplan.(2)It+be+名詞+that-從句Itiscommonknowledgethatthewhaleisnotafish.It'sapitythatheshouldhavecatchedthetrain.(3)It+be+-ed分詞+that從句Itissaidthatheisafamouswriter.Itisreportedthattherewillbeastormthisafternoon.東升求實(shí)學(xué)校教育通訊工作總結(jié)報(bào)告▲it做形式主語有以下幾種不6東升求實(shí)學(xué)校教育通訊工作總結(jié)報(bào)告DongshengQiushiXueXiaoJiaoyuTongXunGongzuoZongJie▲在表示建議、要求、命令等意義的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中，that從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞常用(should)do。（參見虛擬語氣部分）Itissuggestedthatthemeeting(should)beheldthisafternoon.Itisdemandedthathe(should)leaveatonce.(4)It+seem/happen/appear等不及物動(dòng)詞+that從句。（look不接that從句，它接tobe結(jié)構(gòu)或形容詞）Itseemsthatheiswrong.Itappearsthattheyareinurgentneedofhelp.Helooks(tobe)surprised/happy/sad.東升求實(shí)學(xué)校教育通訊工作總結(jié)報(bào)告▲在表示建議、要求、命令等意7東升求實(shí)學(xué)校教育通訊工作總結(jié)報(bào)告DongshengQiushiXueXiaoJiaoyuTongXunGongzuoZongJie2.whether引導(dǎo)主語從句，意為“是否”，只起連接作用，不充當(dāng)任何成分。（置于句首時(shí)必須用whether引導(dǎo)，置于句尾時(shí)，間或可用if。）Whetherhewillwinthegameisnotclear.Whetherhewillcomeisuncertain.Whethershecomesornotdoesn'tconcernme.Itisnotclearwhether/ifhewillcome.Itwasuncertainwhetherhewouldcome.3.連詞代詞what,who,which,whose等引導(dǎo)的主語從句。這些連接代詞作用相當(dāng)于代詞，在從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)主語、賓語、表語、定語等。Whatweneedismoretime.Whowasresponsiblefortheaccidentisnotyetclear.Whichschoolyouwanttogomattersmuch.東升求實(shí)學(xué)校教育通訊工作總結(jié)報(bào)告2.whether引導(dǎo)主語8東升求實(shí)學(xué)校教育通訊工作總結(jié)報(bào)告DongshengQiushiXueXiaoJiaoyuTongXunGongzuoZongJie4.連接副詞when,where,why,how引導(dǎo)的主語從句。這些連接副詞相當(dāng)于副詞，在從句中充當(dāng)狀語。Whyhedidthisisnotknown.Whenhewillcomeisstillunknown.Itisnotknownwhyhedidthis.Howhesucceededisunknowntous.Whereweshouldholdthemeetingneedstobediscussed.注意：wh-引導(dǎo)的主語從句也常用it作形式主語。5.也可用whatever,whoever,whomever,whenever,wherever等詞引導(dǎo)主語從句，表示“無論什么”、“無論誰”、“無論何時(shí)”、“無論在（到）哪里”等。Whoevertoldyoutogiveupsmokingwasquiteright.Whateverhegaveyoushouldbehandedin.Whoevertoldyouthatwaslying.Whoevercomesiswelcome.東升求實(shí)學(xué)校教育通訊工作總結(jié)報(bào)告4.連接副詞when,wh9翻譯練習(xí)【練1/2】Itisoftenimportantthatyoumakeitclearwhatyourparticularroleisatagiventime.(劍3，T2，R）【練2/2】Itisanunfortunatefactthatmanyemployersmayprefertousetheservicesofchildren.（劍3，T3，W）翻譯練習(xí)【練1/2】Itisoftenimporta10表語從句在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)表語二東升求實(shí)學(xué)校教育通訊工作總結(jié)報(bào)告DongshengQiushiXueXiaoJiaoyuTongXunGongzuoZongJie1.that在引導(dǎo)表語從句時(shí)無含義，不作成分，通常不省。

1)表示事實(shí)、真理等的實(shí)際內(nèi)容。

Thefactisthatheislying.

Theoddsarethathewillnotdoit.

2）表示某人的意見、信念等的實(shí)際內(nèi)容。

Ourbeliefisthatthingswillimprove.

Thetroubleisthatweareshortofmoney.2.whether引導(dǎo)表語從句（不可用if)。

HisfirstquestionwaswhetherHolmeshadarrivedyet.

Thequestioniswhetherpeoplewillbuyit.3.連接代詞who,whom,whose,what,which引導(dǎo)的表語從句。

ThisiswhatIwant.

Thequestioniswhocanbechosentobemanagerofthecompany.

Myquestioniswhichofthemisbetter.表語從句在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)表語二東升求實(shí)學(xué)校教育通訊工作11東升求實(shí)學(xué)校教育通訊工作總結(jié)報(bào)告DongshengQiushiXueXiaoJiaoyuTongXunGongzuoZongJie4.連接副詞when,where,why,how引導(dǎo)的表語從句。Theproblemseemedhowwecouldmakehimunderstandit.Thequestioniswhereweshouldgo.5.asif,asthough引導(dǎo)的表語從句（常用虛擬語氣）。Helooksasifhewereangry.Itlooksasifit'sgoingtorain.東升求實(shí)學(xué)校教育通訊工作總結(jié)報(bào)告4.連接副詞when,w12翻譯練習(xí)【練1/3】中國教育的最大變化就是，已經(jīng)有更多的人可以接受教育。（劍3,T1,S）【練2/3】早上學(xué)的另一個(gè)好處是孩子在社交方面發(fā)展更快。（劍4，G,TB,W）【練3/3】我的觀點(diǎn)是年輕人應(yīng)該受到鼓勵(lì)，去開闊視野。（劍5，T2，W）翻譯練習(xí)【練1/3】中國教育的最大變化就是，已經(jīng)有更多的人可13Keys1.ThebiggestchangeineducationinChinaisthatmoreandmorepeoplecanget/receivetheeducation.2.Anotheradvantageofgoingtoschoolatanearlyageisthatchildrendevelopfastersocially.3.Myview/idea/opinion/pointisthatyoungpeopleshouldbeencouragedtobroadentheirhorizons.Keys1.Thebiggestchangeine14賓語從句在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)賓語三東升求實(shí)學(xué)校教育通訊工作總結(jié)報(bào)告DongshengQiushiXueXiaoJiaoyuTongXunGongzuoZongJie1.that引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí)無含義，不充當(dāng)成分，常省略?！飔hat不引導(dǎo)介詞的賓語從句，至于exceptthat,inthat,savethat,butthat等是復(fù)合從屬連詞。Iknow(that)youhavemethim.Let'ssupposethatonedaythishappenstoyou.★在及物動(dòng)詞和賓語從句之間常有間接賓語（指人）。例如：Itoldhim(that)hewaswrong.★在少數(shù)動(dòng)詞如：think,believe,suppose,expect,imagine,calculate,fancy,reckon,besupposed,seem,appear,feelasif,lookasif,looklike等后面的從句中的否定詞經(jīng)常轉(zhuǎn)移到主句謂語動(dòng)詞上，這叫否定前置/否定轉(zhuǎn)移(hope“希望”,guess“認(rèn)為”后的賓語從句否定不前置。Ihopenot.“我希望不是那樣的”，是Ihopeso.的否定式。Idon'thopeso.是對(duì)hope的否定：“我不希望如此”。）如：Idon'tthinkitwillbeverycoldtoday.Idon'tthinkyouareright.Idon'tbelievehehasfinishedhiswork.賓語從句在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)賓語三東升求實(shí)學(xué)校教育通訊工作15東升求實(shí)學(xué)校教育通訊工作總結(jié)報(bào)告DongshengQiushiXueXiaoJiaoyuTongXunGongzuoZongJie注意：①非必須否定轉(zhuǎn)移。若需要強(qiáng)調(diào)從句的否定時(shí)就不作轉(zhuǎn)移。②不可把所有可否定轉(zhuǎn)移動(dòng)詞的否定句都理解為否定賓語從句，要根據(jù)句意或語境而定。Idon'tthinkdiplomacyisafieldforprivateenterprise.Wedidn'tthinkwe'dbethislate.③當(dāng)think用在疑問句中，或主句中的謂語動(dòng)詞與狀語連用，或主句中的謂語動(dòng)詞被do強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)，不能否定轉(zhuǎn)移。Whydoyouthinkwecan'tchangeyournote?IdobelieveTomnevertellsalie.Theystilldidn'tbelievethatthefoodwouldcome.Ican'tbelievethattheyaremarried.東升求實(shí)學(xué)校教育通訊工作總結(jié)報(bào)告注意：16東升求實(shí)學(xué)校教育通訊工作總結(jié)報(bào)告DongshengQiushiXueXiaoJiaoyuTongXunGongzuoZongJie④否定轉(zhuǎn)移多用在主句動(dòng)詞為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的情況。主句動(dòng)詞為一般過去時(shí)、過去完成時(shí)、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)，或主句動(dòng)詞與情態(tài)動(dòng)詞連用，就不能否定轉(zhuǎn)移。此時(shí)若主句動(dòng)詞為否定，應(yīng)考慮是否是對(duì)主句動(dòng)詞的否定。Ihadthoughtthathewouldnotcome.我已經(jīng)想到了他不能來了。⑤當(dāng)賓語從句中有no,never,hardly,notatall,notabit,not...enough,can'thelpdoing等時(shí)不能否定轉(zhuǎn)移。IthinkIcan'thelplaughingifIseeit.Ibelievehenevertellsalie.▲許多帶賓語補(bǔ)足語的句子要用it作形式賓語，而把賓語從句置于句尾。Wethinkitwrongthathetoldalietoeveryone.Wethoughtitapitythatsheshouldhavemissedthechance.東升求實(shí)學(xué)校教育通訊工作總結(jié)報(bào)告④否定轉(zhuǎn)移多用在主句動(dòng)詞為一17東升求實(shí)學(xué)校教育通訊工作總結(jié)報(bào)告DongshengQiushiXueXiaoJiaoyuTongXunGongzuoZongJie2.whether,if引導(dǎo)賓語從句：表示“是否”可互換，口語中常用if。Heaskedifshewouldcome.注意下列情況下whether不可用

if

換：1)引導(dǎo)主語從句置于句首時(shí)。2)whether后沒有單詞間隔而直接跟ornot時(shí)。Idon'tknowwhetherornothewillcome.3)whether從句作介詞賓語時(shí)。Theyaretalkingaboutwhetherhewillwinthegame.Everythingdependsonwhetheryouagreewithus.4)whether后接不定式時(shí)。Idon'tknowwhethertoattendthemeeting.5)動(dòng)詞discuss,decide的賓語從句時(shí)。東升求實(shí)學(xué)校教育通訊工作總結(jié)報(bào)告2.whether,if18東升求實(shí)學(xué)校教育通訊工作總結(jié)報(bào)告DongshengQiushiXueXiaoJiaoyuTongXunGongzuoZongJie3.連接代詞what,who,whose等引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。Tellmewhatyouwant.Doyouknowwhowillcomeatthemeeting?注意：who,whom按照傳統(tǒng)語法，從句中who所取代的名詞如果是賓語應(yīng)用賓格whom，但在口語中常用who，如：Doyouknowwhom(who)hewillinvite?①whose,which,what三個(gè)詞都帶有形容詞性質(zhì)。whose表示所有，意為“誰的”；which意為“哪一個(gè)”，what意為“什么”。如：Whosebookitisnotimportant.Pleasetellmewhichschoolyouwanttogo.Hedidn'tknowwhattimeitwas.②一般說來，which指的是在一個(gè)具體的、較明確的、有限的、較小范圍；而what則指較廣的或不明確的范圍。如：whichfood，說話人一般指眼前的或明確范圍的幾種food；whatfood則指許多food，而且說話人心中沒有數(shù)。Idon'tknowwhich/whatfoodyouwant.如果范圍較大或者沒有什么范圍，最好用whatfood。東升求實(shí)學(xué)校教育通訊工作總結(jié)報(bào)告3.連接代詞what,w19東升求實(shí)學(xué)校教育通訊工作總結(jié)報(bào)告DongshengQiushiXueXiaoJiaoyuTongXunGongzuoZongJie4.連接副詞when,where,why,how引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。Idon'tknowwhenthemeetingwillbeheld.PleasetellmewhereIcanfindTom.Heexplainedtomewhyhewasabsentfromthemeeting.CanyoutellmehowIcangettothepostoffice?5.可用whatever,whoever,whomever,whenever,wherever等引導(dǎo)賓語從句。Pleasewritedownwhateverheissaying.Idon'tknowwhoeverwillcome.I'lldowhateveryouaskmeto.東升求實(shí)學(xué)校教育通訊工作總結(jié)報(bào)告4.連接副詞when,w20東升求實(shí)學(xué)校教育通訊工作總結(jié)報(bào)告DongshengQiushiXueXiaoJiaoyuTongXunGongzuoZongJie6.表示愛憎情感的動(dòng)詞，如：enjoy,hate,love,like,dislike,don'tmind,resent,appreciate（感激）等以及某些介詞結(jié)尾的短語動(dòng)詞如：counton,dependon,relyon,seeto,lookforwardto,befondof,feellike,seeto等后，即使沒有賓補(bǔ)也要先接形式賓語it，再接賓語從句。Ilikeitwhenshesmilesatme.Iloveitwhenyousing.IhateitifIamspokentoloudlyinpublic.★除了but,besides,except,in,save,beyond六個(gè)介詞后跟that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句外，其他介詞都不能。inthat是“因?yàn)椤钡囊馑?，其余五個(gè)與that搭配都是“除了……”。東升求實(shí)學(xué)校教育通訊工作總結(jié)報(bào)告6.表示愛憎情感的動(dòng)詞，如21翻譯練習(xí)【練1/4】

該表清楚地表明了歐洲國家之間存在顯著的消費(fèi)習(xí)慣差異。（劍3,T2,W）【練2/4】該數(shù)據(jù)顯示發(fā)展中國家和發(fā)達(dá)國家之間在教育和科技上存在著極大地差別。（劍3,T3，W）【練3/4】我同意在醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生，教育和貿(mào)易等方面的改善對(duì)較貧困國家的發(fā)展來說是必不可少的。（劍3，T4，W）【練4/4】Thoseagainstco-education

holdthattheenvironmentwillprobablyleadchildrentopuppylovewhichwillthenserveasanobstacletotheiracademicachievement.翻譯練習(xí)【練1/4】該表清楚地表明了歐洲國家之間存在顯著的22Keys1.Thischartclearlyindicatesthat

therearesomesignificantdifferencesinspendinghabits

withinEuropeancountries.2.Thisdatashowsthatthereareverylargeinconsistenciesineducationandscience

betweendevelopinganddevelopedcountries.3.Iagreethatimprovementsinhealth,educationandtradeareessentialforthedevelopmentofpoorernations.4.那些反對(duì)男女同校的人認(rèn)為這樣會(huì)導(dǎo)致早戀，對(duì)他們的學(xué)習(xí)有害。Keys1.Thischartclearlyindic23同位語從句在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)同位語四東升求實(shí)學(xué)校教育通訊工作總結(jié)報(bào)告DongshengQiushiXueXiaoJiaoyuTongXunGongzuoZongJie1.that引導(dǎo)同位語從句。在下列名詞后可用that引導(dǎo)同位語從句answer,belief,doubt,fact,hope,idea,information,knowledge,law,news,opinion,plan,suggestion,thought,truth等。Ihadnoideathatyouwerehere.ThestorygoesthatWilliamkilledhiswife.Healwaysworkshardinspiteofthefactthatheisnotingoodhealth.Suddenlythethoughtcametomethathewouldgoblind.注意：①位語從句引導(dǎo)詞that無含義，不充當(dāng)成分，不可省略。②同位語從句與其說明的名詞或代詞為同一內(nèi)容，故可以用is把前邊的中心詞和從句連接成一個(gè)句子。③同位語從句前一般沒有逗號(hào)。that引導(dǎo)同位語從句與引導(dǎo)定語從句的區(qū)別：that引導(dǎo)同位語從句時(shí)只起連接作用，不充當(dāng)任何成分；that引導(dǎo)定語從句時(shí)，在從句中要作成分，如主語、賓語等。①Hetoldmethenewsthatourteamwon.（that引導(dǎo)同位語從句）②Thenewsthat/whichhetoldmewasveryexciting.（that引導(dǎo)定語從句，在從句中作賓語）同位語從句在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)同位語四東升求實(shí)學(xué)校教育通訊工作24東升求實(shí)學(xué)校教育通訊工作總結(jié)報(bào)告DongshengQiushiXueXiaoJiaoyuTongXunGongzuoZongJie2.在noidea,question,problem等后可用wh-疑問詞引導(dǎo)同位語從句，if不引導(dǎo)同位語從句。Ihavenoideawherehehasgone.Ihavenoideawhathesaid.3.辨析：引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)what與whatever,who與whoever的區(qū)別：what與whatever：Whatyouwanthasbeensenthere.（what=thething(s)that/allthat/anythingthat特指）Whateveryouwantmakesnodifferencetome.（whatever=anythingthat泛指）Whatcausedtheaccidentwasabrokenbottle.（特指）Whatevercausedtheaccidenthasnotyetbeenfound.（泛指）who與whoever：WhowillgotoBeijingonbusinesshasnotbeendecided.（who表疑問，表示“誰”，“哪一個(gè)”）Whoeverbreaksthelawshouldbepunished.（whoever=anyonewho，表示“無論哪個(gè)人”）東升求實(shí)學(xué)校教育通訊工作總結(jié)報(bào)告2.在noidea,q25東升求實(shí)學(xué)校教育通訊工作總結(jié)報(bào)告DongshengQiushiXueXiaoJiaoyuTongXunGongzuoZongJie4.同位語從句注意與定語從句區(qū)別，同位語從句對(duì)前一名詞做補(bǔ)充說明，在從句中無語法位置，而定語從句所修飾詞在從句中占一語法位置如：Theideathatonecandotheworkwithoutthinkingiswrong.（同位idea在從句中無位置，而從句只是具體說明idea的內(nèi)容）Theideathatyouputforwardatthemeet