浙江省高一下學期期中考試英語試卷帶答案解析

第第頁浙江省高一下學期期中考試英語試卷(帶答案解析）（滿分：150分；考試時間：120分鐘）學校:___________班級：___________姓名：___________考號：___________一、閱讀理解Withsummerbehindusandthefallandwinterholidaysjustaroundthecorner,nowitseemsasgoodatimeasanytostartplanningthenextfamilyvacation.Insteadofabeachbreakorskigetaway,afamilycruiseoffersaconvenientandcost-effectivealternativewintervacation.ExploreAsianMetropoliseswithRegentSevenSeasRegentSevenSeas,all-inclusiveshipstakevisitorstoworld-classdestinations.Thiswinter,visitorswilldiscovertopdestinationsacrossAsia,fromHongKongtoBeijing,aboardtheRegentSevenSeasVoyager.DepartingonDec.17,this12-daycruiseoffersplentyofoutdooractivities.KidswillenjoythewaterfallsofMiyazaki,Japan,andthelegendarystreetfoodsceneinHongKong.TourAustraliawithPrincessCruisesForafar-flungfamilyvacationthiswinter,considerexploringAustraliaaboardtheSeaPrincessthiswinter.LeavingBrisbaneonDec.17,theSeaPrincesswilltakepassengerstoAirlieBeach.Andontheship,littleonescanenjoyavarietyofonboardactivitiesandentertainment,fromdanceclassestovolleyballtoenrichmentclasses.CruisetotheCaribbeanwithDisneyAboardeachDisneyship,you’llfindnumerouskid-friendlyactivitiesandservicesthatarewell-suitedfortheyoung-andtheyoungatheart.Disneycharacterspopupfrequentlythroughoutthekidsclubandinpublicspaces.Bestofall,thereareplentyoffamily-friendlystateroomcategoryoptionsthatcatertobudget-consciousfamilies.NorwegianCruiseLineNorwegianCruiseLineoffersauniquestyleofcruising-FreestyleCruising.Itoffersadeliciouslineupofexcellentrestaurantsrangingfromcasualtofinedining,thrillingentertainment,excitingfitnessactivitiesandclasses.1．Whereisthistextprobablytakenfrom?A．Atextbook. B．Anadvertisement.C．Anacademicarticle. D．Atraveljournal.2．Whichfamilycruisecanyouchoosetohavekidsperformballet?A．RegentSevenSeas. B．NorwegianCruiseLine.C．DisneyCruiseLine. D．PrincessCruises.3．WhowillbemoreinterestedinDisneyships?A．Elegantfamilies. B．Cautiousfamilies.C．Economicalfamilies. D．Generousfamilies.Seagrassmeadows(海草床)arewonderplantsgrowingbeneaththesea.Theyfeedandsheltersealifeandaremasterfulatstoringcarbon.Thankstotheassistanceoftigersharks,ahugeseagrassmeadowintheBahamasBankshasbeendiscovered,offeringtheworldatooltofightclimatechange.SeagrasshasusuallybeendetectedbyEarth-orbitingsatellitesthatidentifydarkerspotsinthebluewater.Inarecentstudy,tigersharkswereselectedasresearchtoolsduetotheirhighlyconsistentassociationswithseagrassecosystems.Theyspent70%oftheirtimeinseagrassmeadows.Theteamequippedeighttigersharkswithsatellitelabels,sevensharkswithcameralabels,anduseda360-degreecameraonasharkforthefirsttimeever.Thedataresearcherscollectedwasastonishing.Theworld’slargestseagrassecosystem,measuringatleast66,900squarekilometers,hasbeendiscovered.Thisreflectsa41%increasefrompreviousestimatesofglobalseagrass.Seagrasscancapture(捕獲)hugequantitiesofcarbonbyphotosynthesis(光合作用)andstoresitontheseafloor.Intermsofclimatechange,thisisexcellentnews;seagrassis35timesfasteratremovingcarbonthantropicalrainforests.Whenreferringtoglobalseagrasscarbonstockestimates,thestudyindicatesthatseagrassintheBahamasmaycontain19.2%to26.3%ofallthecarbonstoredinseagrassmeadowsonEarth.Yetseagrassmeadowsarerapidlydisappearing,withover92%ofmeadowsintheUKgone,accordingtotheWorldWildlifeFund.Scientistsarecollectingseedsandtryingtogrownewseagrassmeadowsthroughrestorationprojects.Thisnewdiscoveryoffersoptimismandprovestheimportanceoftheoceanforhealing.ThesharksledustotheseagrassecosystemintheBahamas,whichwenowknowislikelythemostsignificantbluecarbonsinkontheplanet.Whatthisdiscoveryshowsusisthatoceanexplorationandresearchareessentialforahealthyfuture.Theundevelopedpotentialoftheoceanislimitless.Thesemeadowscanbeprotectedandcanbecopied,offeringhopeforclimatechangearoundtheglobe.4．HowwastheseagrassmeadowintheBahamasBanksdiscovered?A．Byanalyzingsatellitesimages.B．Bykeepingtrackoftigersharks.C．Byusinga360-degreecamera.D．Bycarryingoutrestorationprojects.5．Whatisthebenefitofseagrassintermsofclimatechange?A．Seagrassprovidesfoodfortigersharks.B．Seagrassstoreslargeamountsofcarbon.C．Seagrassabsorbswastesfromtheocean.D．Seagrasssuppliesahabitattoseaanimals.6．Whatisthemainmessageconveyedinthepassage?A．Tigersharksareatooltodetectseagrassmeadows.B．Seagrassmeadowsaredisappearingatanalarmingrate.C．Scientistsaremakingprogressinrestoringseagrassmeadows.D．Seagrassmeadowshaveagreatpotentialtofightclimatechange.7．Whatisthewriter’sattitudetowardsthediscoveryofseagrassmeadows?A．Concerned. B．Positive. C．Doubtful. D．Indifferent.RecentlyIboughtabookaboutsignposts.Signpostsaren’tveryinteresting,you’rethinking.Well,that,ofcourse,dependsonwhetheryouhappentobelost!Ancienttravelerswouldhavebeengratefulforthesewhensettlementsweresmallerandfurtherapart.Inwinter,theabilitytoreachshelterforthenightcouldbethedifferencebetweenlifeanddeath.OneoftheveryearliestwaymarksdiscoveredisinCumbria.DatingfromRomantimes,ithadlainfallenuntil1836,whenafarmerploughinghisfieldscameacrossasandstoneshaft(碑文).Thereareotherstonepoststhathavestoodbyroadsidesforcenturies.Itwasn’tuntil1697thatanactwaspasseddeclaringthatguide-stonesmustbebuilt.Thisappliedtoremotepartsofthecountrywheretheremightbeconfusionastowhichpathledtothenearestmarkettown.Later,withtheappearanceoftheRoyalMail,thenumberrosestillfurther.Nowadaysmanyoftheseearlyroadsignsaredesignated(指定)asListedMonuments.“Howtimeschange!”Lucy,anenthusiasticwalker,towhomIloanedthebook,exclaimed.“Isupposenowweallrelyfarmoreuponmobilephonestoguideus.”“Yettheyaren’tperfect.WheneverIgoout,Ipreferamap.Ineverhavetoworryaboutrunningoutofbattery.”“I’malwaysgratefultowhoeverisplacingway-markersalongtheroute,”sheadded,“Isupposethathoweversureweare,alittleoutsideconfirmationisalwayswelcome.”Lucyisquiterightthere.Lifeitselfcanofferusagreatmanychoicesofpath,andsometimesitisn’teasytoknowifwe’vechosenthebestone.Perhapswhenitcomestogratitude,weshouldalsoincludethanksforthosepeoplewhoappearinourliveswhenwemostneedthem—eithergivingusgentlewarningthatwemightbeheadinginthewrongdirection,orreassurancethatweareontherighttrack.Afterall,we’dbelostwithoutthem!8．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“these”inthefirstparagraphreferto?A．Signposts. B．Abilities. C．Settlements. D．Shelters.9．Whatcontributedtotheinitialspreadofsignposts?A．Themarkettrade. B．Theactpassedin1697.C．Thediscoveryofthesandstone. D．TheappearanceoftheLoyalMail.10．WhatdoesLucythinkofsignposts?A．Popular. B．Outdated. C．Imperfect. D．Helpful.11．Whatdoestheauthorlearnfromsignposts?A．Tochooserighttracks. B．Toliveacolorfullife.C．Tohaveagratefulmind. D．Toofferpracticalchoices.Astudyoffersevenmoreevidenceoftheharmfulhealtheffectsofsugar.Theresearch,publishedinthejournalBMCMedicine,foundthatdietshigherinfreesugars–acategorythatincludessugaraddedtoprocessedfoodsandsodas,aswellasthatfoundinfruitjuiceandsyrups—raiseone’sriskofheartdiseaseandstroke.Thestudyreliedondataabouttheeatinghabitsofmorethan110,000peopleaged37to73intheUnitedKingdom,whosehealthoutcomeswerethentrackedoveraboutnineyears.Anauthorofthestudy,CodyWatlingsaidsugarsthatoccurnaturallyinwholefruitsandvegetablesarenotconsidered“freesugars”andwereexcludedfromtheanalysis.Theresearchersestimatedparticipants’carbohydrate(碳水化合物)intakesandthenfurtherbrokethatdownbytypeofcarbohydratetofocusonfreesugars.Thentheauthorscomparedthattotheparticipants’possibilityofcardiovascular(心血管的)disease.Thepeoplewhowerefoundtohavethehighestriskofheartdiseaseorstrokeconsumedabout95gramsoffreesugarperday,whichaccountsfor18%oftheirdailyenergyintake,Watlingsaid.“Avoidingsugar-sweetenedbeveragesisprobablythesinglemostimportantthingwecando,”saidWalterWillett.Headdedthatalthoughtherearesomehealthbenefitstodrinkingasmallglassoforangejuiceoccasionally,itssugarcontentmeans“aglassoffruitjuiceisthesamethingasCoke.”CodyWatlingsaidthestudydemonstratesthatthetypesofcarbohydratespeoplechoosetoeatmaymattermorethanthetotalamount.“What’sreallyimportantforoverallgeneralhealthandwell-beingisthatwe’reconsumingcarbohydratesthatarerichinwholegrains,”hesaid,while“minimizingtheconsumptionofsugar-sweetenedbeverages.”12．Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?A．Freesugarreferstothesugaraddedtoprocessedfoods.B．Waltingdidn’tresearchsugarsthatoccurnaturallyinwholefruitsandvegetables.C．Thefreesugaraccountsfor18%ofpeople’sdailysugarintake.D．Waltingsuggestedusavoidingsugar-sweetenedbeverages.13．Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“breakdown”meaninparagraph2?A．Classify. B．Destroy. C．Analyze. D．Confirm.14．Whichsectionofamagazineisthistexttakenfrom?A．Healthandlife. B．FoodandCulture.C．ScienceandTechnology. D．MedicineScience.15．What’sthepurposeofthetext?A．Toencouragepeopletorefusefruitjuice.B．Toaskpeopletosaynotofreesugar.C．Toadvisepeopletoconsumemoretypesofcarbohydrates.D．Towarnpeopleagainstdietswithhigherfreesugars.二、七選五Isyourglassofmilkhalf-fullorhalf-empty?Thissayingisoftenusedtotestpeople’soutlookinasituation;dotheyfocusonthepositives(ahalf-fullglass)orthenegatives(ahalf-emptyone)?16—andit’sknowntoboostyourwell-being.Whyisthinkingpositivelygoodforyou?Researchshowsthatpeoplewhoareoptimisticandthinkpositivelytendtoexperiencelessstressandcopewellwhenfacedwithlife’schallenges.Peoplewhoaremorepessimisticmayfindithardtobelievethatthesechallengeswillpass.Scientistshaveevenfoundthatthinkingpositivelycanmakeyoulivelonger.AccordingtoProfessorTaliSharot,beingoptimisticaboutthefuturecanmakeyouhappierandmoresuccessful.17Worryingislikeafirealarm.Everybodycanworryfromtimetotime.Worryingcanhelptokeepyousafe—ifyouwereneverworriedandwereoverlypositiveabouthowthingswouldturnout,youwouldn’trecognizerisks.“18It’slikeafirealarm,”sayschildpsychotherapistRachelMelville-Thomas.“Thetroubleisthatsometimesitgoesoffwhenthereisn’tahugedangertoface.”Whenthishappens,youcanfeelanxiousandhopelessaboutwhatliesahead.19Optimismisshapedbyyourgenes,whichcarrycharacteristicsinheritedfromyourparents,andbywhathappenstoyou.20Researchhasshownthatitcanhelptodraworwriteanoutcomethat’spositive—forexample,animageofyouplayingguitar,havingpassedyournextgrade.Imaginingthiscanmotivateyoutoworktoachieveit,suchaspracticingeverydayafterschool.A．Learntothinkpositively.B．Sometimesworryingcandoharmtoourhealth.C．Thewayyouthinkpositivelyornegativelylargelydependsonyourgenes.D．Worryingisourbrainwarningusthattheremightbesomethingthreatening.E．However,nomatteryourstartingpoint,everyonecanlearntobecomemoreoptimistic.F．Thinkingpositively,withabeliefthatmostthingswillturnoutwell,iscalledoptimism.G．This’sbecauseyoubelieveyourgoalsareachievable,whichencouragesyoutoworktowardsthem.三、完形填空Wildlifehasbeengreatlythreatenedinthemodernage.Therearespeciesthatare21everyday.Thewhite-napedcrane(鶴)isatypicalexample.Soscientistsaretryingtheirbestto22thespeciesfromgoingoutofexistence.ChrisandTimworkatazoo,helpingendangeredcraneswiththeirreproduction.Emma,afemalecrane,hasbeenintheir23sinceshearrivedin2004.Bornataninternationalcranefoundation,Emmawas24byhumancaretakers.Thisledtoanunexpectedoutcome,thoughshehadawonderfultimethere.Emmahad25takenherselfasacraneandbecomedeeplyattachedtohumans.She26tolivewithmalecranes,andevenhadareputationforkillingsomeofthem,whichmadeit27forhertobecomeamother.28,thetwozookeepersdidn’twanttoseetheextinctionofthispreciousspecies.Withtheirpatienceandefforts,theysuccessfullydevelopeda29ofartificialbreeding(人工繁殖)andnaturalreproduction.This30Emmatogivebirthtofivebabycranes.Thetwokeepersareproudoftheirproductivework.Butbeforetheycanbeassured,moreeffortsmustbemade,becausethepopulationofthecraneinthewildisonthe31andmanyotherspeciesareonthevergeofextinction.32,noteveryonehasrealizedthatwildlifehasthoughts,feelings,andmostimportantly,equalrightstosurvive.Howcanwe33theever-wideninggapthatseparatesusfromotheranimals?ChrisandTimofferedusthe34:humanbeingstookitforgrantedthattheirbrainsheldallthesolutions,butmaybetheirheartscanbeabetter35.21．A．growing B．a(chǎn)ppearing C．competing D．disappearing22．A．ban B．save C．help D．remove23．A．care B．eye C．mind D．story24．A．found B．chosen C．raised D．seized25．A．never B．a(chǎn)lways C．unluckily D．cheerfully26．A．liked B．refused C．decided D．hesitated27．A．illegal B．inspiring C．important D．impossible28．A．Therefore B．Moreover C．However D．Instead29．A．combination B．collection C．strategy D．system30．A．forced B．forbade C．taught D．enabled31．A．list B．rise C．schedule D．decrease32．A．Incontrast B．Afterall C．BythewayD．Onthecontrary33．A．leave B．bridge C．open D．identify34．A．course B．excuse C．a(chǎn)nswer D．reward35．A．guide B．treat C．example D．companion四、用單詞的適當形式完成短文閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入一個適當?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Manypeopleareusually36(puzzle)bythemeaningofthedifferentnamesoftheUnitedKingdom,GreatBritain,Britain,andEngland.GettingtoknowalittlebitaboutBritishhistorywillhelpsolvethispuzzle.Inthe16thcentury,thenearbycountryofWaleswasjoinedtotheKingdomofEngland.Later,thecountryofScotlandbecamepartoftheKingdomofGreatBritaininthe18thcentury.Inthe19thcentury,theKingdomofIrelandwasadded

37(create)theUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandIreland.Finally,inthe20thcentury,thesouthernpartofIrelandbrokeaway,38(result)inthefullnamewehavetoday.Thefourcountriesusethesameflag,referredtoastheUnionJack,aswellassharethesamecurrencyandmilitary39(defend).40,theyalsohavesomedifferences.LondonisthecapitaloftheUKwith41historydatingallthewayback42theRomantimesand—withalmostninemillionpeople—Europe’s43(large)city.Almosteverywhereyougo,youwill44(surround)byevidenceofthefourdifferentgroupsofpeople

45tookoveratdifferenttimesthroughouthistory.五、推薦信46．假如你是高中生LiHua,你的美國筆友Mike打算到中國旅游，但對中國不太熟悉，他發(fā)郵件向你咨詢，請你給他寫一封回信，內(nèi)容包括：1.表示歡迎2.推薦城市及相關(guān)信息(交通方式，景點等)注意：1.詞數(shù)80左右2.可適當增加細節(jié)，以使行文連貫。__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________六、讀后續(xù)寫47．閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。Nickhadadifficultchildhood,withneithermomnordadgivinghimlovebecausehisparentsdiedwhenhewasten.Nowhewas27yearsold.Hehadnofriendsaround.Asforhiswork,deliveringnewspaperscouldn’tsupporthisfamily.Hehadawife,KaraLewis,buthedidnotknowexactlyhowtogetalongwithher.Hislifewasinamessandhecouldn’tseehisfuture.Thatnight,Nickhadaquarrelwithhiswifeandhe’dstormedoutoftheirapartment,leavinghisphonebehindsoshecouldn’tcontacthim.Thenhedrovethecarandsmokedintheparkinglot;helikedtogotherewhenheneededtobealone.Lookingupatthestars,hesatinsilencefor15minutesorso.Thenhedecidedtoheadhome.Hewasonthewaybacktotheapartmentjustafterthemidnightwhenhesawthehouseonfire.Flameswereclimbingupthefrontporch,lappingatthehome’swalls.Hurryingoutofthevehicle,heimmediatelyregrettednothavinghisphone.“Hey,help,thehouseisonfire!”heyelledintothenight.Nobodyresponded.Heranaroundtothebackdoor.Tohisamazement,itswungopen.Withoutthinkingaboutthedanger,Nickdashedintotheburningbuilding.Itwasatwo-storyhousewhereWalterfamilylivedwithtwodaughters,18-year-oldKayand2-year-oldSally.Thatnighttheparentswerenotathome,withtheir18-year-olddaughtertakingcareofSally.ThecurtainsweremeltingasNickranthroughthehallwayoftheburninghouse,peeringintoroomsthatwereinflamesandsearchingtoseeifanyonewashome.Justthen,onefaceemergedfromaroomatthetopofthestairsandpeereddownathim,hereyeswide.“Yourhouseisonfire.Youneedtogo!”Nickyelled,hurryingheroutofthehouse.Aftertheywereoutintothefreshair,Nickheardthegirlkeptscreaming,“There’sababyinthere!Icouldn’tfindherinthebedroom.”注意：1.續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右；2.請按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。Withouthesitating,Nickranbackinsideagain.___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Outside,thefirefightershadarrived.__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________參考答案1．B2．D3．C【導語】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章推薦了適合家庭乘船游覽的幾種選擇。1．推理判斷題。通讀全文，根據(jù)第一段中“Withsummerbehindusandthefallandwinterholidaysjustaroundthecorner,nowitseemsasgoodatimeasanytostartplanningthenextfamilyvacation.Insteadofabeachbreakorskigetaway,afamilycruiseoffersaconvenientandcost-effectivealternativewintervacation.(夏天已經(jīng)過去，秋冬假期即將到來，現(xiàn)在似乎是開始計劃下一次家庭度假的好時機。與海灘度假或滑雪度假不同，家庭游輪提供了一個方便且具有成本效益的另類寒假。)”等內(nèi)容可知，本文向讀者推薦了適合家庭乘船游覽的幾種選擇，屬于廣告類文章。故選B項。2．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)TourAustraliawithPrincessCruises下列段落中“Andontheship,littleonescanenjoyavarietyofonboardactivitiesandentertainment,fromdanceclassestovolleyballtoenrichmentclasses.(在船上，孩子們可以享受各種船上活動和娛樂，從舞蹈課到排球，再到豐富多彩的課程。)”可知，你可以選擇PrincessCruises讓孩子們表演芭蕾舞。故選D項。3．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)CruisetotheCaribbeanwithDisney下列段落中“Bestofall,thereareplentyoffamily-friendlystateroomcategoryoptionsthatcatertobudget-consciousfamilies.(最棒的是，有很多適合家庭的特等艙類別可供選擇，適合精打細算的家庭。)”可知，經(jīng)濟型家庭對Disneyships更感興趣。故選C項。4．B5．B6．D7．B【導語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了在虎鯊的幫助下，巴哈馬海岸發(fā)現(xiàn)了一片巨大的海草草地，為世界提供了應(yīng)對氣候變化的工具，因為海草可以通過光合作用捕獲大量的碳，并將其儲存在海底。4．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Thankstotheassistanceoftigersharks,ahugeseagrassmeadowintheBahamasBankshasbeendiscovered,offeringtheworldatooltofightclimatechange.(在虎鯊的幫助下，巴哈馬群島的一片巨大的海草草地被發(fā)現(xiàn)，為世界提供了對抗氣候變化的工具)”可知，巴哈馬群島的海草草地是在虎鯊的幫助下被發(fā)現(xiàn)的，即通過追蹤虎鯊被發(fā)現(xiàn)的。故選B項。5．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Seagrasscancapture(捕獲)hugequantitiesofcarbonbyphotosynthesis(光合作用)andstoresitontheseafloor.Intermsofclimatechange,thisisexcellentnews(海草可以通過光合作用捕獲大量的碳，并將其儲存在海底。就氣候變化而言，這是個好消息)”可知，就氣候變化而言，海草好處是可以儲存大量的碳。故選B項。6．主旨大意題。分析全文內(nèi)容可知，文章主要介紹了在虎鯊的幫助下，巴哈馬海岸發(fā)現(xiàn)了一片巨大的海草草地，為世界提供了應(yīng)對氣候變化的工具，因為海草可以通過光合作用捕獲大量的碳，并將其儲存在海底。所以文章傳達的主要信息是海草草地在應(yīng)對氣候變化方面具有巨大的潛力。故選D項。7．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段“Thisnewdiscoveryoffersoptimismandprovestheimportanceoftheoceanforhealing.(這一新發(fā)現(xiàn)令人樂觀，并證明了海洋對治愈的重要性)”和最后一段“Thesemeadowscanbeprotectedandcanbecopied,offeringhopeforclimatechangearoundtheglobe.(這些草地可以被保護和復制，為全球氣候變化帶來了希望)”可知，作者對海草草場的發(fā)現(xiàn)持積極態(tài)度。故選B項。8．A9．B10．D11．C【導語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者最近買了一本關(guān)于路標的書，以及從書中掌握了解到關(guān)于路標的知識。8．詞句猜測題。根據(jù)劃線詞上文“RecentlyIboughtabookaboutsignposts.Signpostsaren’tveryinteresting,you’rethinking.Well,that,ofcourse,dependsonwhetheryouhappentobelost!(最近我買了一本關(guān)于路標的書。你在想，路標沒什么意思。嗯，那當然要看你是不是碰巧迷路了！)”及劃線詞所在句“Ancienttravelerswouldhavebeengratefulforthesewhensettlementsweresmallerandfurtherapart.(當定居點更小、距離更遠的時候，古代旅行者會很感激這些)”可知，劃線單詞these指的就是上文中提到的路標。故選A項。9．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“OneoftheveryearliestwaymarksdiscoveredisinCumbria.DatingfromRomantimes,ithadlainfallenuntil1836,whenafarmerploughinghisfieldscameacrossasandstoneshaft(碑文).Thereareotherstonepoststhathavestoodbyroadsidesforcenturies.Itwasn’tuntil1697thatanactwaspasseddeclaringthatguide-stonesmustbebuilt.(最早發(fā)現(xiàn)的路標之一是在坎布里亞郡。它始建于羅馬時代，直到1836年，一個農(nóng)民在耕地時偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個砂巖井。還有一些石柱已經(jīng)矗立在路邊幾個世紀了。直到1697年才通過一項法案，宣布必須建造路標)”可知，1697年通過的法案促成了路標最初的傳播。故選B項。10．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第六段““Yettheyaren’tperfect.WheneverIgoout,Ipreferamap.Ineverhavetoworryaboutrunningoutofbattery.”“I’malwaysgratefultowhoeverisplacingway-markersalongtheroute,”sheadded,“Isupposethathoweversureweare,alittleoutsideconfirmationisalwayswelcome.”(“然而，它們并不完美。無論我什么時候出去，我都喜歡帶著地圖。我從來不用擔心沒電了?！盁o論誰在沿途設(shè)置路標，我都很感激，”她補充說，“我想，無論我們多么確定，一點外界的確認總是受歡迎的。”)”可推知，露西對路標的看法是認為它是有幫助的。故選D項。11．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Perhapswhenitcomestogratitude,weshouldalsoincludethanksforthosepeoplewhoappearinourliveswhenwemostneedthem—eithergivingusgentlewarningthatwemightbeheadinginthewrongdirection,orreassurancethatweareontherighttrack.(也許說到感恩，我們也應(yīng)該感謝那些在我們最需要他們的時候出現(xiàn)在我們生活中的人——他們要么溫和地警告我們可能走錯了方向，要么安慰我們走在正確的道路上。畢竟，沒有他們我們會迷路的！)”可推知，作者從路標中學到了要有感恩的心。故選C項。12．B13．A14．A15．D【導語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹發(fā)表在《BMC醫(yī)學》一項研究提供了更多的證據(jù)證明糖對健康有害。12．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Anauthorofthestudy,CodyWatlingsaidsugarsthatoccurnaturallyinwholefruitsandvegetablesarenotconsidered“freesugars”andwereexcludedfromtheanalysis.(該研究的作者之一CodyWatling說，天然存在于整個水果和蔬菜中的糖不被認為是“游離糖”，因此被排除在分析之外。)”可知，Walting沒有研究天然存在于整個水果和蔬菜中的糖。故選B。13．詞句猜測題。根據(jù)劃線詞前半句“Theresearchersestimatedparticipants’carbohydrate(碳水化合物)intakes(研究人員估計了參與者的碳水化合物攝入量)”和后半句“tofocusonfreesugars.(重點關(guān)注游離糖。)”可知，研究人員進一步按碳水化合物類型進行分類。故選A。14．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Astudyoffersevenmoreevidenceoftheharmfulhealtheffectsofsugar.Theresearch,publishedinthejournalBMCMedicine,foundthatdietshigherinfreesugars–acategorythatincludessugaraddedtoprocessedfoodsandsodas,aswellasthatfoundinfruitjuiceandsyrups—raiseone’sriskofheartdiseaseandstroke.(一項研究提供了更多的證據(jù)證明糖對健康有害。發(fā)表在《BMC醫(yī)學》雜志上的這項研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，游離糖含量較高的飲食——包括添加到加工食品和蘇打水中的糖，以及果汁和糖漿中的糖——會增加患心臟病和中風的風險。)”及全文可知，文章主要介紹了飲食中的糖給健康所帶來的風險，所以推斷文章可能摘自雜志的健康與生命部分。故選A。15．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Astudyoffersevenmoreevidenceoftheharmfulhealtheffectsofsugar.Theresearch,publishedinthejournalBMCMedicine,foundthatdietshigherinfreesugars–acategorythatincludessugaraddedtoprocessedfoodsandsodas,aswellasthatfoundinfruitjuiceandsyrups—raiseone’sriskofheartdiseaseandstroke.(一項研究提供了更多的證據(jù)證明糖對健康有害。發(fā)表在《BMC醫(yī)學》雜志上的這項研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，游離糖含量較高的飲食——包括添加到加工食品和蘇打水中的糖，以及果汁和糖漿中的糖——會增加患心臟病和中風的風險。)”及全文可知，作者警示讀者：游離糖含量高的飲食增加心臟病和中中風的危險，所以文章的目的是警告人們不要吃游離糖含量高的食物。故選D。16．F17．G18．D19．A20．E【導語】本文是說明文。主要介紹了積極的思考帶來的好處，以及怎么樣學會積極的思考。16．根據(jù)前文“Thissayingisoftenusedtotestpeople’soutlookinasituation;

dotheyfocusonthepositives(ahalf-fullglass)orthenegatives(ahalf-emptyone)?(這句話經(jīng)常被用來測試人們在某種情況下的看法；他們關(guān)注的是積極的一面(半滿的杯子)還是消極的一面(半空的杯子)?)”以及后文“andit’sknowntoboostyourwell-being.(眾所周知，它能促進你的健康)”可知，空處應(yīng)是講述積極的影響，所以F項“Thinkingpositively,withabeliefthatmostthingswillturnoutwell,iscalledoptimism.(積極地思考，相信大多數(shù)事情都會有好的結(jié)果，這叫做樂觀主義)”符合文意。故選F項。17．分析設(shè)空，位于段尾，應(yīng)是對前文的總結(jié)，根據(jù)前文“Researchshowsthatpeoplewhoareoptimisticandthinkpositivelytendtoexperiencelessstressandcopewellwhenfacedwithlife’schallenges.

Peoplewhoaremorepessimisticmayfindithardtobelievethatthesechallengeswillpass.

Scientistshaveevenfoundthatthinkingpositivelycanmakeyoulivelonger.

AccordingtoProfessorTaliSharot,beingoptimisticaboutthefuturecanmakeyouhappierandmoresuccessful.(研究表明，樂觀和積極思考的人在面對生活挑戰(zhàn)時往往會經(jīng)歷更少的壓力，并能很好地應(yīng)對。更悲觀的人可能很難相信這些挑戰(zhàn)會過去?？茖W家們甚至發(fā)現(xiàn)，積極思考可以讓你活得更久。根據(jù)TaliSharot教授的說法，對未來持樂觀態(tài)度可以讓你更快樂，更成功)”可知，G項“This’sbecauseyoubelieveyourgoalsareachievable,whichencouragesyoutoworktowardsthem.(這是因為你相信你的目標是可以實現(xiàn)的，這鼓勵你朝著目標努力)”符合文意，是對前文的總結(jié)。故選G項。18．根據(jù)前文“Everybodycanworryfromtimetotime.Worryingcanhelptokeepyousafe—ifyouwereneverworriedandwereoverlypositiveabouthowthingswouldturnout,youwouldn’trecognizerisks.(每個人都會時不時地擔心。擔心可以幫助你保持安全——如果你從不擔心，對事情的結(jié)果過于樂觀，你就不會意識到風險)”可知，本段主要講述了擔心的好處，在根據(jù)本段小標題“Worryingislikeafirealarm.(憂慮就像火警)”，可知D項“Worryingisourbrainwarningusthattheremightbesomethingthreatening.(擔心是我們的大腦警告我們可能會有威脅)”符合本段主題，其中Worrying為同詞復現(xiàn)。故選D項。19．分析設(shè)空，是本段的小標題，是對本段的高度概括，根據(jù)下文“Researchhasshownthatitcanhelptodraworwriteanoutcomethat’spositive—forexample,animageofyouplayingguitar,havingpassedyournextgrade.

Imaginingthiscanmotivateyoutoworktoachieveit,suchaspracticingeverydayafterschool.(研究表明，畫或?qū)懸粋€積極的結(jié)果會有所幫助——例如，你彈吉他的畫面，已經(jīng)通過了下一次考試。想象一下可以激勵你去實現(xiàn)它，比如每天放學后練習)”可知，本句主要講述了，要學會積極的想象一些事情，也就是積極地思考，所以A項“Learntothinkpositively.(學會積極思考)”符合文意。故選A項。20．根據(jù)前文“Optimismisshapedbyyourgenes,whichcarrycharacteristicsinheritedfromyourparents,andbywhathappenstoyou.(樂觀是由你的基因塑造的，它帶有從你父母那里遺傳來的特征，也由你身上發(fā)生的事情決定)”以及后文“Researchhasshownthatitcanhelptodraworwriteanoutcomethat’spo