高等學(xué)校研究生英語(yǔ)綜合教程上Unit-10

高等學(xué)校研究生英語(yǔ)綜合教程上Unit_10高等院校研究生英語(yǔ)系列教材綜合教程（上）INTEGRATEDCOURSE高等學(xué)校研究生英語(yǔ)綜合教程上Unit_10Unit10

TheRoleofEducation

高等學(xué)校研究生英語(yǔ)綜合教程上Unit_10Content

StartingoutReadingFocusReadingMorePracticalTranslation FocusedWritingFinalProject高等學(xué)校研究生英語(yǔ)綜合教程上Unit_10Task1Thefollowingisalistofthecorecoursesofferedbycollegesoruniversities.Selectwhatyouthinkarethethreemostimportantcorecoursesfromthelistbelow.Compareyourchoiceswiththoseofyourpartner’sandgivereasonsforyourchoices.(P276)StartingoutEconomicsGeographyHistoryPhysiologyPsychologyEnglish,dancing,etc)Arts(music,paintingMathPhilosophyChineseP.E.ComputerManagementReligionLaw高等學(xué)校研究生英語(yǔ)綜合教程上Unit_10Task2Inthemid1980s,China’scollegeenrollmentratestoodatabout3%ofthepopulation,lowerthanthatofmanyotherdevelopingcountries.Intheearly1990s,thenumberroseto5%.In1999,universitiesenrolled1.59millionstudents,whichwasa41.2percentrisefromthepreviousyear.Sincethen,thenumbershavejustkeptclimbing.In2002,thecollegeenrollmentratereached15%percent.Itroseto19%in2005.Somepeoplethinktheexpansionpolicyisnecessarytoimprovethequalityofthenation’seducationwhileothersbelievethattheexpansionisresponsibleforadeclineinthequalityofteachingaswellastheintensecompetitioninthejobmarket.Whatisyouropiniononthisissue?Useexamples,factsorfigurestosupportyourideas.(P276)

Startingout—Task2高等學(xué)校研究生英語(yǔ)綜合教程上Unit_10Task2Usefulwordsandexpressions:Startingout—Task2ajust,equitableandproductivesocietyqualityofeducationskilledworkforcelow-incomeareasminoritystudentsrisingtuitionfeesheavyfinancialburdenmeetthedemandsoftheworkplaceincapableoftacklingpracticalproblemsboosteconomicdevelopmentincreasetheskillbaseofthecountry高等學(xué)校研究生英語(yǔ)綜合教程上Unit_10Task3InmostpartsofChina,whenstudentsreachthesecondgradeatseniorhighschool,theyarerequiredtospecializeineitherscienceorartscourses.Thetwocoursesareverydifferentandsomepeopledislikebeingstreamlinedsoearlyintheireducationalcareer.Whatdoyouthinkofthispractice?Talktoyourpartnerandtellthemaboutyourexperience.(P277)Startingout—Task3高等學(xué)校研究生英語(yǔ)綜合教程上Unit_10StartingoutNowwatchavideoaboutPrincetonUniversity.Listencarefullyandcompletetheblank-fillingexercise.高等學(xué)校研究生英語(yǔ)綜合教程上Unit_101.PrincetonUniversityislocatedinPrinceton,NewJerseyinthesuburbanhistorictownof___________________includingfarmlandsandforests.2.Oneofthethingsthatwe’veseeninthelastyearsis

__________________intheclass.3.Princetonoffersoneofthestrongestfinancialaidprogramsinthecountry.That’swhy58%ofundergraduatesreceivefinancialaidthat’snotneeded______________.4.SomeofthemostpopularmajorsinPrincetonarepolitics,history,_______________________________.5.Ourfacultiesareleadersintheirfieldsandthey’repushingback_________________intermsoftheirresearch.Startingoutdiversesurroundingsthegenderbalance

tobepaidbackmolecularbiologyandengineeringintellectuallimits高等學(xué)校研究生英語(yǔ)綜合教程上Unit_10TheRoleoftheAcademyinTimesofCrisisReadingFocus高等學(xué)校研究生英語(yǔ)綜合教程上Unit_10

GlobalUnderstanding

2DetailedInformation3CriticalThinking4LanguagePoints5ReadingFocusVocabularyinAction6BackgroundInformation1高等學(xué)校研究生英語(yǔ)綜合教程上Unit_10Listentoatalkoneducationandeducationalsystem,andanswerthefollowingquestions.1)What’sthepurposeofeducation?2)What’sthoughttobefashionableinmanymoderncountries?3)Whydosomepeoplerefusetodowhattheythinkofaslowjobs?4)Whyistheworkofacompletelyuneducatedfarmerfarmoreimportantthanthatofaprofessor?5)Whatkindofeducationisvaluabletothesociety?BackgroundInformation高等學(xué)校研究生英語(yǔ)綜合教程上Unit_10ReadingFocus

–GlobalUnderstandingTask1It’simportanttobeabletofindthemainideainaparagraph.Themainideatellsthereaderwhattheparagraphismostlyabout.Alloftheothersentencesinaparagrapharedetailsthattellthereadermoreaboutthemainidea.Themainideaisusuallystatedinatopicsentence.Thetopicsentenceisoftenthefirstsentenceoritmaycomealittlelaterintheparagraphorevenattheend.It’simportanttobeabletodistinguishthemainideafromthesupportingdetailsinreadingmaterials.Sometimesthemainideaisnotwrittenexplicitlybutrathersuggested.Sometimesitmaybeexpressedinmorethanonesentence.Therearesevenparagraphsinthistext.Writedownthemainideaofeachparagraph.(P283)高等學(xué)校研究生英語(yǔ)綜合教程上Unit_10Para1:Para2:Para3:Para4:ReadingFocus

–GlobalUnderstandingOursociety’sconfidenceinitsinstitutionsofhighereducationisclearfromthegenerosityofgovernmentinvestmentinresearchbutitcomeswithexpectation.Modernacademicstudyrelatestotheworld;itisnotapartfromitasinthepast.Americansocietyhasalong-standingconsensusaboutthevalueofeducation.Wehaveanobligationtosearchfornewideasandknowledge.高等學(xué)校研究生英語(yǔ)綜合教程上Unit_10Para

5:Para

6:Para

7:

ReadingFocus

–GlobalUnderstandingWehaveanobligationtodisseminatenewideaandknowledge.Wehavethethirdobligationtoeducatethenextgenerationofcitizensandleaders.Weshouldcultivatethequalitiesofthoughtanddiscernmentinourstudents.高等學(xué)校研究生英語(yǔ)綜合教程上Unit_10Task2Choosethesentencethatbestexpressesthemeaningofthesentencefromthetext.

(P284)Key:2 3 4 56 7 8 9 10BCBBCCACCCReadingFocus

–

DetailedInformation高等學(xué)校研究生英語(yǔ)綜合教程上Unit_10CriticalThinkingReadingFocus高等學(xué)校研究生英語(yǔ)綜合教程上Unit_10StepOneReadthefollowingsentencesfromthetextanddecidewhetheryouagreewiththeauthor.Workingroupstoprovideexamplestosupportorargueagainsttheauthor’sopinions.ReadingFocus—CriticalThinkingThesearchfornewideasandknowledgeisnotandcannotbemotivatedbyutilitarianconcern.Weshouldfirstandforemostcultivatethequalitiesofthoughtanddiscernmentinourstudents.高等學(xué)校研究生英語(yǔ)綜合教程上Unit_10StepTwoDiscusswithyourpartnerthefollowingquestions.Whatdoyouthinkisthepurposeofeducation?Doyouthinktheideaofaliberalartseducationaspreparationforaprofessionisanarrowone?Whyorwhynot?ReadingFocus—CriticalThinking高等學(xué)校研究生英語(yǔ)綜合教程上Unit_10Oursociety’sconfidenceinitsinstitutionsofhighereducationisexpressedthroughthegenerousinvestmentsofthefederalandstategovernmentsinbasicandappliedresearch,investmentsthatwiselycouplesupportforresearchwithsupportforgraduateeducation.(Para2)couple…with:

ifonethingiscoupledwith

another,theyhappenorexisttogetherandproduceaparticularresult并提；加上e.g.

1)Lackofraincoupledwithhightemperaturescausedthecropstofail.2)Hisenergyandintelligence,coupledwithherskillandpatience,overcamealldifficulties.ReadingFocus

–LanguagePoint

高等學(xué)校研究生英語(yǔ)綜合教程上Unit_102.Intimesoftrouble,itisespeciallyimportantthatweliveuptotheseexpectations.(Para2)liveupto:ifsomethingorsomeonelivesuptoastandard,reputation,orpromise,theydoaswellastheywereexpectedto,dowhattheypromised符合（標(biāo)準(zhǔn)）；不負(fù)（盛名）；履行（諾言）e.g.

1)Heworkshardandwillprobablyliveuptohisparents’expectations.2)Thebankisinsolventandisunabletoliveuptoitsobligations.ReadingFocus

–LanguagePoint

高等學(xué)校研究生英語(yǔ)綜合教程上Unit_103.Themedievalimageoftheuniversityasanivorytower,withscholarsturnedinwardinsolitarycontemplation,immunizedfromthecaresoftheday,isanimagethathasbeensupersededbythemodernuniversityconstructednotofivory,butofahighlyporousmaterial,onethatallowsfreediffusioninbothdirections.(Para3)

contemplation(n.):

quiet,seriousthinkingaboutsomething沉思e.g.

1)Heislostincontemplationabouthisfuture.2)Themonksspendanhourincontemplationeachmorning.

supersede(v.):

toreplace代替，取代

e.g.Televisionsupersededradiointhefifties.ReadingFocus

–LanguagePoint

高等學(xué)校研究生英語(yǔ)綜合教程上Unit_10diffusion(n.):

spreadingideasorinformationamongalotofpeople傳播，散播

e.g.1)Thediffusionofideasacrossbordersis

one

reasonforEurope’ssuccess.

2)ThediffusionofnewsbyradioandTV

maybe

affectedbytheInternet.翻譯：中世紀(jì)大學(xué)的形象是一座象牙塔，學(xué)者們遠(yuǎn)離社會(huì)進(jìn)行孤獨(dú)的沉思，不關(guān)心窗外之事——這一形象已被現(xiàn)代大學(xué)所取代——現(xiàn)代大學(xué)不是象牙構(gòu)筑的，而是高度開放的機(jī)構(gòu)，允許內(nèi)外自由交流。

ReadingFocus

–LanguagePoint

高等學(xué)校研究生英語(yǔ)綜合教程上Unit_104.Wealsohavelearnedthatitisunwisetosearchonlyinpredictableplaces,fornewknowledgeoftendependsuponpreparingfertilegroundinobscureplaceswhereserendipityandgoodluck,aswellasdeepintelligence,cansprout.(Para4)

serendipity(n.):

thenaturalabilitytomakeinterestingorvaluablediscoveriesbyaccident翻譯：同時(shí)，我們也得知，只在可預(yù)知的領(lǐng)域來挖掘知識(shí)是不明智的，因?yàn)樾轮R(shí)往往依賴于在未知領(lǐng)域準(zhǔn)備好肥沃的土壤，在那些領(lǐng)域，好運(yùn)氣同深?yuàn)W的智慧一樣能開花結(jié)果。

ReadingFocus

–LanguagePoint

高等學(xué)校研究生英語(yǔ)綜合教程上Unit_105.Freedomofinquiry,whichisoneofourmostcherishedorganizingprinciples,isnotjustamoralimperative,itisapracticalnecessity.(Para4)imperative(n.):

anessentialorurgentthing需要e.g.

1)Tacklingmalariaisnowaninternationalimperative.2)Distributingfoodaidisanimportantmoral

imperativeinthatsociety.imperative(adj.):extremelyimportantandneedingtobedoneordealtwithimmediately急需的e.g.

1)Itisimperativethatpoliticiansshouldbegood

communicators.2)Itisimperativetomeetfacetofacewiththeclient.ReadingFocus

–LanguagePoint

高等學(xué)校研究生英語(yǔ)綜合教程上Unit_106.Itconsistsinthepowertodistinguishgoodreasoningfrombad,inthepowertodigestandinterpretevidence,inthehabitofcatholicobservationandapreferenceforthenon-partisanpointofview,inanaddictiontoclearandlogicalprocessesofthoughtandyetaninstinctivedesiretointerpretratherthantosticktotheletterofreasoning,inatasteforknowledgeandadeeprespectfortheintegrityofthehumanmind.(Para6)catholic

(adj.):includingaverywidevarietyofthings廣泛的,普遍的e.g.

1)Shehasacatholictasteinmusic.2)Youhaveacatholicarrayofbooksonyourbookshelf.

ReadingFocus

–LanguagePoint

高等學(xué)校研究生英語(yǔ)綜合教程上Unit_10non-partisan

(adj.):notsupportingtheideasofanypoliticalpartyorgroup無黨派的

翻譯：它包括了：辨別正確推理與錯(cuò)誤推理的能力，消化與闡釋論據(jù)的能力，廣泛觀察的習(xí)慣，對(duì)于持客觀見解的偏好，執(zhí)著于清晰有條理的思維過程，本能地?zé)嶂杂陉U釋內(nèi)涵而不拘泥于推論的字面意義，對(duì)知識(shí)的鑒賞力，對(duì)人類健全心智的無限尊重。

ReadingFocus

–LanguagePoint

高等學(xué)校研究生英語(yǔ)綜合教程上Unit_10Key1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-Task1Choosethewordthatisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedwordinthesentence.(P287)ReadingFocus–VocabularyinAction

ACDBBBCDAB高等學(xué)校研究生英語(yǔ)綜合教程上Unit_10Task21.Tosolveaproblemyouhavetounderstandits__________causes.2.Oncewe’vehadthedisease,we’reusually_________forlife.Fillineachoftheblankswithanappropriatewordfromthebox.Changetheformifnecessary.

(P288)imparteloquentimmunizeilluminationscholarimperativediffusionvulnerabilityforemostunderlieReadingFocus–VocabularyinAction

underlyingimmune高等學(xué)校研究生英語(yǔ)綜合教程上Unit_103.IwasratherquietasIdidn’tfeelIhadmuchwisdomto________onthesubject.4.Abroadandbalancededucationisa(n)__________forraisingstandards.5.Thefortwas___________toattackfromthenorth.6.Theirideas_________quicklyacrossEurope.imparteloquentimmunizeilluminationscholarimperativediffusionvulnerabilityforemostunderlieReadingFocus–VocabularyinAction

impartimperativevulnerablediffused高等學(xué)校研究生英語(yǔ)綜合教程上Unit_107.Economicconcernsare________inmanyvoters’minds.8.Iwenttoa(n)__________lecturethismorning.9.Thereport____________thedifficultissuesattheheartofscientificpolicy.10.Heisamanofambitionand____________.imparteloquentimmunizeilluminationscholarimperativediffusionvulnerabilityforemostunderlieReadingFocus–VocabularyinAction

foremostscholarlyilluminatedeloquence高等學(xué)校研究生英語(yǔ)綜合教程上Unit_10Task3Fillineachoftheblankswithanappropriatewordfromthebox.Changetheformifnecessary.(P288)Key1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-deepercontributeexplore

potentialhowproductivelikelyproduceNationallydedicatedReadingFocus–VocabularyinAction

高等學(xué)校研究生英語(yǔ)綜合教程上Unit_10America’sFailureinScienceEducationReadingMore高等學(xué)校研究生英語(yǔ)綜合教程上Unit_10ReadingMore

GlobalUnderstanding

CriticalThinking

LanguagePoints

VocabularyinAction1

2

3

4

高等學(xué)校研究生英語(yǔ)綜合教程上Unit_10Completethefollowingextractwithinformationfromthetext.

Whenitcomestoeducatingthenextgenerationinsubjectsofscienceandtechnology,USstudentshavefallenfarbehindtheircompetitorsinmuchofWesternEuropeand1)_____________.AccordingtotheThirdInternationalMathematicsandScienceStudy,bythetimeUSstudentsreachtheirsenioryearofhighschool,theyrankbelow2)___________________in17othercountriesin3)______________________.ThistrendhasdisturbingimplicationsnotjustforthefutureofAmericantechnologicalleadershipbutfor4)_________________.FederalReserveBoardChairmanAlanGreenspanwarnedthatthecountryhasdevelopedashortageofhighlyskilledworkersand5)_____________lesser-skilledworkersandtheNationalScienceBoardhasexpressedthesameconcerninarecentreport.ReadingMore—Global

UnderstandingAsiannationstheircounterpartsmathandscienceliteracythebroadereconomyasurplusof高等學(xué)校研究生英語(yǔ)綜合教程上Unit_10 Anumberoffactorscontributetothesituation.Firstly,untilnow,Americahascompensatedforitslackofeducatedscientistsby6)______________________.Butitmaynotbeabletocontinuetorelyonthisasbrilliantyoungscientistsinoverseascountriesfindtheyhave7)___________________________intheirhomecountries.Secondly,PresidentBush’seducation-reforminitiative,NoChildLeftBehind,maybe8)_________________________,becauseNCLBcurrentlyrequiresthatstudentsbetestedonlyin9)_________________.Finally,thereisasevereshortageof10)_______________________.Alargenumberofscienceteachersinhighschoolsdon’tevenhave11)________________inscience.Moreover,eventhosewhohaveasciencedegreeareoftenteachingoutside12)_____________________.ReadingMore—Global

Understandingimportingbrainpowerbetterworkingopportunitiesexacerbatingtheproblemreadingandmathqualifiedscienceteachersamajororminortheirareaofexpertise高等學(xué)校研究生英語(yǔ)綜合教程上Unit_10CriticalThinkingReadingMore高等學(xué)校研究生英語(yǔ)綜合教程上Unit_10Discussthefollowingquestionswithyourpartnerandthenreportyourideastotheclass.ReadingMore—CriticalThinkingDoyouwanttofurtheryourstudyinanoverseascountry?Whyorwhynot?Ifyes,whichoverseascountrywillyouconsiderfirst?Why?高等學(xué)校研究生英語(yǔ)綜合教程上Unit_10ReadingMore—CriticalThinkingTheauthorthinksthatbrightyoungIndianorChinesescientistsmaywellhavebetteropportunitiesathomethanintheUSasglobalizationaccelerates.Doyouagreewithhim?Whyorwhynot?高等學(xué)校研究生英語(yǔ)綜合教程上Unit_101.Butbraceyourselfforwhatyou’llfind.(Para.1)

brace…for：tomentallyorphysicallyprepareforsomethingunpleasantthatisgoingtohappen使準(zhǔn)備迎接（困難）e.g.

1)Thecitybraceditselfforthepossibilityofanotherearthquake.2)Nancybracedherselffortheinevitablearguments.

ReadingMore–LanguagePoint

高等學(xué)校研究生英語(yǔ)綜合教程上Unit_102....“thefuturestrengthoftheUSscienceandengineeringworkforceisimperiled,”

…

(Para.3)imperil(v.):toputsomethingorsomeoneindanger危及e.g.Thewholeprojectwasimperiledbyalackoffunds.ReadingMore–LanguagePoint

高等學(xué)校研究生英語(yǔ)綜合教程上Unit_103.…

“theglobalcompetitionforscienceandengineeringtalentisintensifying...”

(Para.5)

intensify

(v.):toincreaseindegreeorstrength,ortomakesomethingdothis加強(qiáng)，增強(qiáng)e.g.

1)Hismother’sdeathintensifiedhisloneliness.2)Economicconditionsintensifiedthepressureonindustrytoraiseprices.

ReadingMore–LanguagePoint

高等學(xué)校研究生英語(yǔ)綜合教程上Unit_104.ButHanushekfiguresthatthe4%annualincreasealonewouldbeenoughtooffsettheentirecostofAmerica’spublicK-126schoolsystemforthesameyear.(Para.7)

offset

(v.):ifthecostoramountofsomethingoffsetsanothercostoramount,thesituationisbalancedieitremainsthesame補(bǔ)償，抵消

e.g.1)Hewasabletooffsethistravelexpensesagainsttax.2)Thegainswereoffsetbythelossessotherewasnoprofit.ReadingMore–LanguagePoint

高等學(xué)校研究生英語(yǔ)綜合教程上Unit_10ReadingMore–LanguagePoint

5.“Ironically,PresidentBush’seducation-reforminitiative,NoChildLeftBehind,maybeexacerbatingtheproblem.(Para.9)exacerbate

(v.):

tomakeabadsituationworse使加劇，使惡化e.g.Idon’twanttoexacerbatethesituation.高等學(xué)校研究生英語(yǔ)綜合教程上Unit_106.Youdon’thavetobeascientisttorecognizethatthestatusquoisarecipeforbigtrouble...(Para.11)

bearecipefor:tobelikelytocauseaparticularresult很可能是造成??的原因；是??的秘訣

e.g.

1)Goodfriends,plentyoffoodandawarmatmospherearearecipeforasuccessfulparty.2)Hesaidthatfivesmallboysonskiswouldbearecipefordisaster;itwouldnotbeaholiday.ReadingMore–LanguagePoint

高等學(xué)校研究生英語(yǔ)綜合教程上Unit_107.Asthingsstandnow,sciencegraduatessimplyhavetoomanylucrativealternativestoteaching.(Para.13)

lucrative

(adj.):profitable;ajoboractivitythatislucrativeletsyouearnalotofmoney賺錢的e.g.1)Theynegotiatedalucrativecontractthathelpedtosavethecompanyfrombankruptcy.2)Thousandsofex-armyofficershavefoundlucrativejobsinprivatesecurityfirms.ReadingMore–LanguagePoint

高等學(xué)校研究生英語(yǔ)綜合教程上Unit_10Task1

Key1-2-3-4-5-

6-7-8-9-10-Choosethewordthatisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedwordinthesentence.(P295)ReadingMore–VocabularyinAction

ACBDCABCAC高等學(xué)校研究生英語(yǔ)綜合教程上Unit_10Task21.sweepA.Theywanttomake_______________changestoeducationpolicies.B.Bert__________thepathinfrontofthehouse.2.addressA.ThenewPresidentdeliveredhisinaugural____________inCreole.B.Ourproducts______________theneedsofserioususers.Fillineachoftheblankswithanappropriateformofthewordgivenandexplainitsmeaning.(P295)ReadingMore–VocabularyinAction

sweeping

(adj.)swept(v.)address(n.)address(v.)高等學(xué)校研究生英語(yǔ)綜合教程上Unit_10

ReadingMore–VocabularyinAction

3.stunA.Redfern_____________thecrowdwithalast-minutegoal.B.Youlookabsolutely_______________inthatdress.4.ironicA.Yourcarwasstolenatthepolicestation!How___________!B.________________;hiscoldgotbetteronthelastdayofhis

holiday.5.contendA.Threearmedgroupsare_________________forpower.B.Sheisastrong______________fortheTeacheroftheYear.stunned(v.)stunning(adj.)ironic(adj.)Ironical

ly(adv.)contending(v.)contender(n.)高等學(xué)校研究生英語(yǔ)綜合教程上Unit_10

ReadingMore–VocabularyinAction

6.depressA.Thewholeexperiencewasvery_______________.B.Thethoughtoftakingtheexamagain________________him.7.figureA.Government____________underestimatetheproblem.B.Fromthewayhebehaved,I____________thathewasdrunk.8.rankA.DuringthewarHaroldhadrisentothe____________ofmajor.B.Thetaskshavebeen______________inorderofdifficulty.depressing(adj.)depressed(v.)figures(n.)figured(v.)rank(n.)ranked(v.)高等學(xué)校研究生英語(yǔ)綜合教程上Unit_109.qualifyA.Freeschoollunchesaregiventochildrenwho________.B.Ifyoudon’tspeakGerman,you’renot__________tocomment.10.majorA.Therearetwo__________politicalpartiesintheUS.B.He’s___________inPoliticalScience.ReadingMore–VocabularyinAction

qualify(v.)qualified(adj.)major(adj.)majoring(v.)高等學(xué)校研究生英語(yǔ)綜合教程上Unit_10PracticalTranslation高等學(xué)校研究生英語(yǔ)綜合教程上Unit_10英語(yǔ)抽象名詞分為品質(zhì)抽象名詞和行為抽象名詞兩大類。品質(zhì)抽象名詞

品質(zhì)抽象名詞，一旦具體化，就可以指稱人或事的某種品質(zhì)、特點(diǎn)、狀態(tài)，或是具有這種品質(zhì)、特點(diǎn)、狀態(tài)的人和事。翻譯這些抽象名詞時(shí)往往可以在其后面加上一些表示品質(zhì)、特點(diǎn)、狀態(tài)等方面的詞來表示它們的用法。抽象名詞的翻譯高等學(xué)校研究生英語(yǔ)綜合教程上Unit_10Meanwhileindividualschoolsaremovingontheirowntoredresstheimbalancebetweenteachingandresearch.

譯文：與此同時(shí)，各學(xué)校正采取措施糾正教學(xué)與科研不平衡的狀況。

2.Pennsylvaniarecentlyrequiredthestate’s162collegesanduniversitiestotestandcertifythefluencyoftheirfaculties.譯文：賓夕法尼亞近來要求本州的162所學(xué)院和大學(xué)教員的英語(yǔ)流利程度進(jìn)行測(cè)試并提供證明。此例中的imbalance若譯成漢語(yǔ)的“不平衡”，不是很符合漢語(yǔ)的行文習(xí)慣，因此翻譯時(shí)把它具體化為“不平衡的狀況”。本例中的fluency處理成“流利程度”較字面上的“流利”更符合漢語(yǔ)的表達(dá)習(xí)慣。高等學(xué)校研究生英語(yǔ)綜合教程上Unit_10`行為抽象名詞行為抽象名詞一旦具體化，就可以指稱行為動(dòng)作的具體過程、性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)、特點(diǎn)以及行為動(dòng)作的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、程度、原因、結(jié)果等。在翻譯時(shí)同樣可以加上適當(dāng)?shù)脑~來表明它們的用法高等學(xué)校研究生英語(yǔ)綜合教程上Unit_101.Anditisnotwhetheruniversitieshaveproducedvaluableresearchandscholarship.譯文：?jiǎn)栴}也不在于大學(xué)是否已取得有價(jià)值的科研成果和學(xué)術(shù)成就。2.By1980,however,visitorsbegancomplainingaboutcrimesdowntown.譯文：然而到了1980年，外來的游客開始對(duì)鬧市區(qū)的犯罪活動(dòng)怨聲載道。把抽象名詞research和scholarship分別譯為“科研成果”和“學(xué)術(shù)成就”，更符合漢語(yǔ)的表達(dá)習(xí)慣，增強(qiáng)了譯文的可讀性。crimes作為一個(gè)復(fù)數(shù)抽象名詞，此處有“多起犯罪事件”之意，故譯作“犯罪活動(dòng)”。高等學(xué)校研究生英語(yǔ)綜合教程上Unit_10TranslatethefollowingsentencesandparagraphintoChinese.1.Thisisthebestsolutiontoyourproblem.2.Wehavemadesomeachievements,andwemustguardagainstcomplacency.3.Theremediesyouproposeareneatandeasybutimpossible.4.Fromtheevaporationofwaterpeopleknowthatliquidscanturnintogasesundercertainconditions.5.InAustralia,you’llevenfindjudgescriticizingthelanguageoflegislationandcontracts.高等學(xué)校研究生英語(yǔ)綜合教程上Unit_106.Itsideals,craftedovermanygenerations,aremeanttosuffusethenationalconsciousness.Itsscholarsandteachersaremeanttomoveinandoutoftheacademyinpursuitofopportunitiestousetheirexpertiseinpublicservice,inpursuitofcreativeworkthatwillgiveusilluminationandinsightandinpursuitofwaystoturnlaboratorydiscoveriesintousefulthings.高等學(xué)校研究生英語(yǔ)綜合教程上Unit_10TranslationforReference:1.這是你那問題最好的解決方案。2.我們?nèi)〉昧艘恍┏煽?jī)，但要防止自滿情緒。3.你提的補(bǔ)救措施倒是干脆利落、輕而易舉，但

是行不通。4.人們從水的蒸發(fā)現(xiàn)象了解到，液體在一定條件

下能變成氣體。5.在澳大利亞，人們甚至可以發(fā)現(xiàn)，法官們也在

指責(zé)立法條文和合同條款中的語(yǔ)言。高等學(xué)校研究生英語(yǔ)綜合教程上Unit_10TranslationforReference:6.（高校的）理想，經(jīng)由多少代人的鑄造，旨在滲入國(guó)民意識(shí)之中。學(xué)者和教師必定要周旋于學(xué)院內(nèi)外以尋覓運(yùn)用他們的才能為公眾服務(wù)的機(jī)會(huì)，尋覓能給我們帶來啟發(fā)和見識(shí)的創(chuàng)造性工作，尋覓把實(shí)驗(yàn)室的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)轉(zhuǎn)化為實(shí)際應(yīng)用的途徑。高等學(xué)校研究生英語(yǔ)綜合教程上Unit_10ReportsFocusedWriting高等學(xué)校研究生英語(yǔ)綜合教程上Unit_10Reportscanbeofvariouskinds,suchasnewsreports,experimental(orlaboratory)reports,survey/researchreports,fieldstudyreports,businessreports.FocusedWriting—WritingSkillAformallabreportisusuallycomprisedofthefollowingtypicalcomponents:TitleAbstractIntroductionMaterialsandmethodsResultsDiscussionLiteraturecited高等學(xué)校研究生英語(yǔ)綜合教程上Unit_10Title

Thetitleshouldbelessthantenwordsandshouldreflectthefactualcontentofthepaper.Agoodtitleisstraightforwardanduseskeywordsthatresearchersinaparticularfieldwillrecognize.

FocusedWriting—WritingSkill高等學(xué)校研究生英語(yǔ)綜合教程上Unit_10Abstract

Theabstractsummarizesfouressentialaspectsofthereport:thepurposeoftheexperiment(sometimesexpressedasthepurposeofthereport),keyfindings,significanceandmajorconclusions.Theabstractoftenalsoincludesabriefreferencetotheoryormethodology.Theabstractshouldbeoneparagraphof100-200words.FocusedWriting—WritingSkill高等學(xué)校研究生英語(yǔ)綜合教程上Unit_10

FocusedWriting—WritingSkillIntroductionTheintroductiondefinesthesubjectof