英語A級復(fù)習(xí)資料

石家莊鐵路職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院——英語A級

10

to,

more

than,no

less

than,

rather

than,

together

with等引導(dǎo)的詞組時，其謂語動詞的形式要依主語的單復(fù)數(shù)而定。在這樣的句子里，這些詞所引導(dǎo)的詞組不影響主語自身的單、復(fù)數(shù)形式，它們在句子里其實(shí)是狀語。也就是說，我們完全可以將這些詞組搬到句首或是放到句末去。從表面上我們也可以看出，它們與主語之間有"，"隔開。

例如：

Petroleum,

along

with

fuel

gas,

has

recently

risen

in

price.

最近石油和燃料煤氣的價(jià)格上漲了。

The

teacher,

with

all

his

students,

is

going

to

have

a

picnic

this

weekend.老師打算這個周末與學(xué)生們一起去野炊。

The

students,

together

with

their

teacher

,

are

going

to

have

a

picnic

this

weekend.學(xué)生們打算這個周末與他們的老師一起去野炊。

The

warehouse,

with

all

its

stockings,

was

burned

last

night.

昨晚，那個倉庫連同其所有的貨物一起被燒毀了。

我們完全可以將上面句子中的那些詞組都分別搬到句首或是放到句末去，因?yàn)樗鼈冊诰渥永锸菭钫Z：

Petroleum

has

recently

risen

in

price,

along

with

fuel

gas.

Along

with

fuel

gas,

petroleum

has

recently

risen

in

price.

The

students

are

going

to

have

a

picnic

this

weekend

together

with

their

teacher.

As

well

as

the

suitcase,

the

missing

things

have

been

found

and

returned

to

the

owner.

The

missing

things

have

been

found

and

returned

to

the

owner,

as

well

as

the

suitcase.

2)

表示時間、金錢、距離、體積、重量、面積、數(shù)字等詞語作主語時，其意義若是指總量應(yīng)看作單數(shù)，謂語動詞用單數(shù)；但如果其意義是指"有多少數(shù)量"則應(yīng)該看作是復(fù)數(shù)，那么謂語動詞也應(yīng)該用復(fù)數(shù)。

例如：

Four

weeks

are

often

approximately

regarded

as

one

month.

人們常大約地將四個星期看成一個月。

Twenty

years

stands

for

a

long

period

in

one's

life.

二十年在人的一生里意味著一個很長的時期。

Eighty

dollars

are

enough

for

a

student

to

spend

on

food

for

one

week.

八十塊錢給一個學(xué)生吃一個月的伙食是足夠的了。

3)

形容詞前加定冠詞即"the

+

形容詞"作主語時，其意義若是指個人或是抽象概念應(yīng)看作單數(shù)，謂語動詞用單數(shù)；但如果其意義是指一類人則應(yīng)該看作是復(fù)數(shù)，那么謂語動詞

也應(yīng)該用復(fù)數(shù)。

例如：

The

young,

on

the

one

hand,

often

think

of

the

old

conservative.

On

the

other

hand,

the

old

always

consider

the

young

inexperience.

一方面，青年人常認(rèn)為老年人保守；另一方面，老年人總是認(rèn)為青年人沒有經(jīng)驗(yàn)。

In

many

stories,

the

good

are

well

rewarded

and

the

bad

are

doomed

to

unfortunate.

在許多故事里，好人總是有好報(bào)；壞人注定要倒霉。

石家莊鐵路職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院——英語A級

11

4）當(dāng)and連接兩個并列主語在意義上指同一人、同一物、同一事或者同一概念時，應(yīng)看作

單數(shù)，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。另外，當(dāng)and

連接兩個形容詞去修飾一個單數(shù)形式的主語時，其實(shí)是指兩種不同的事物,主語則應(yīng)該看作是復(fù)數(shù)，

那么謂語動詞也應(yīng)該用復(fù)數(shù)。

例如：

War

and

peace

is

a

constant

theme

in

history.

戰(zhàn)爭與和平是一個歷史上的永恒的主題。

Chinese

and

Japanese

silk

are

of

good

quality.

中國絲綢和日本絲綢質(zhì)量都很好。

Different

people

respectively

welcome

White

and

black

coffee.

加奶的咖啡與清咖啡都分別受到不同人們的喜愛。

5)

集體名詞作主語時，謂語動詞的數(shù)取決于主語的意義：主語表示整體時視為單數(shù)，謂語動詞用單數(shù)；主語表示集體中的個體成員時視為復(fù)數(shù)，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。這類集體名詞常見的有：army,

audience,

cattle,

class,

club,

committee,

crowd,

family,

government,

group,

majority,

minority,

part,

people,

police,

public,

staff,

team等等，其中cattle，people，police一般看成復(fù)數(shù)形式。

例如：

The

family

are

all

fond

of

football.

那一家人都喜歡足球。

The

family

is

the

tiniest

cell

of

the

society.

家庭是社會的最小的細(xì)胞。

The

public

has

every

reason

to

be

cautious

of

professional

deception.

人民大眾完全有理由謹(jǐn)防職業(yè)騙局。

The

public

now

come

to

know

the

whole

story.

人們現(xiàn)在越來越清楚那是怎么回事了。

就近原則(

Principle

of

Proximity

)

這一原則是指，謂語動詞的人稱和數(shù)常常與最近作主語的詞語保持一致。常出現(xiàn)在這類句子中的連詞有：or,

either?

or

?,

neither?

nor

?

,not

only?

but

also

?等。例如：

Either

I

or

they

are

responsible

for

the

result

of

the

matter.

不是我，就是他們要對那件事的結(jié)局負(fù)責(zé)任。

Neither

the

unkind

words

nor

the

unfriendly

attitude

has

caused

me

any

distress.既不是那些不友好的話，也不是那不友好的態(tài)度讓我沮喪。

Not

only

he

but

also

all

his

family

are

keen

on

concerts.

不僅僅是他，而且是他全家人都很熱衷于音樂會。

Neither

his

family

nor

he

knows

anything

about

it.

他全家人和他都不知道那件事。

中英翻譯技巧

中譯英：

1．多喝水，這對你的健康有好處。

Drink

more

water．It___________________________yourhealth．

2．外面正下著大雨，你最好呆在家里。

It's

raining

heavily

outside．You'd

__________________at

home．

石家莊鐵路職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院——英語A級

12

3．這個故事和那個故事一樣有趣。

This

story，is，interesting，that

one

________________________________.

根據(jù)以上各題不難看出翻譯填空題所考查的主要內(nèi)容：1、一些常用詞組和短語。如：begoodfor等。2、一些常用詞語的用法。如：hadbetter后接動詞原形等。3、一些常用句型、句式。如：as．．．a(chǎn)s等。

這類題的解題步驟

第一步，先讀一下漢語句子，了解這個句子所要表達(dá)的意思。

第二步，跳過空格讀一下已給出的那部分英文內(nèi)容，然后再仔細(xì)分析一下要求翻譯的英語。

第三步，觀察一下要求翻譯的漢語，然后聯(lián)想一下相關(guān)詞匯和句型，再考慮語態(tài)、時態(tài)、詞形變化、主語與主謂一致等問題。

第四步，試填空格。不要一看空格就填，有的同學(xué)一看“照顧”就填lookafter，實(shí)際上根據(jù)情況還可填takecareof或takegoodcareof。若對第一個空格要填的詞沒有把握時，可試看從下文中得到啟示?

I‘m

very

glad

to

hear

that

you

have

passed

the

entrance

examination

and

been

accepted

by

a

very

famous

university.

I

feel

very

proud

of

you

and

I

believe

you

really

deserve

the

honor

since

you

have

been

working

so

hard.

As

you

have

mentioned

in

the

letter，

there

are

both

some

similarities

and

differences

between

the

college

life

and

the

life

in

high

school.

On

the

one

hand，

you

have

to

go

on

working

hard

as

there

are

a

lot

of

subjects

for

you

to

learn.

On

the

other

hand，

in

high

school，

teachers

will

probably

tell

you

what

to

learn

and

how

to

learn

in

details

and

will

also

monitor

your

learning

performance，

while

in

college，

teachers

work

like

tour

guides

and

you

have

to

find

out

your

own

way

to

acquire

knowledge

and

solve

problems.

For

you，

I

think

to

be

optimistic

is

very

im