【公開課】Unit+3Discovering+Useful+Structures語法課件人教版（2019）必修第二冊

U3The

InternetDiscoveringusefulstructuresThepresentperfectpassivevoicepresent(now)futurepast

PresentPerfectTense

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)Step1.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的含義現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)含義：表示過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)完

成或仍將持續(xù),強(qiáng)調(diào)對現(xiàn)在的影響。表示站在“現(xiàn)在”

的時(shí)間角度回顧一個(gè)“過去”的事件。She

said

she

has

finished

her

schoolwork.She

said

she

had

finished

her

schoolwork.?She

has

finished

her

schoolworkandnowshecanplaymobilegamestogetherselfrelaxed.(1)主語+have/has+V-過去分詞(done)助動(dòng)詞Winter

has

already

come，willitstillbefarinspring?注：主語若是第三人稱單數(shù)助動(dòng)詞用has

一：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的基本結(jié)構(gòu)Step2.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的結(jié)構(gòu)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的基本結(jié)構(gòu):S

+have/has+

V-過去分詞（done）被動(dòng)語態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu):be（been）+V-過去分詞（done）Summary：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)肯定式就是：主語+have/has+been+V-過去分詞人教版2019版高一unit3TheInternetgrammar【優(yōu)秀課件】人教版2019版高一unit3TheInternetgrammar【優(yōu)秀課件】

二：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)肯定式：S+have/has+been+done(V-ed)否定式：S+have/has+not+been+done...

一般疑問句：Have/Has+S+been+done...特殊疑問句：疑問詞+have/has+S+been+done...

三：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)的其他結(jié)構(gòu)人教版2019版高一unit3TheInternetgrammar【優(yōu)秀課件】人教版2019版高一unit3TheInternetgrammar【優(yōu)秀課件】現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)：have/has＋been＋V-edPractice:根據(jù)要求變換句子。Thechildrenhavealreadybeentoldthegoodnews.（1）將上面的句子變成否定句。Thechildren________________thegoodnewsyet.（2）將上面的句子變成一般疑問句。__________________________thegoodnewsyet?（3）對上面的句子中的thechildren進(jìn)行提問。___________________thegoodnewsyet?haven'tbeentoldHavethechildrenbeentoldWhohasbeentold1．被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作在說話之前已完成，強(qiáng)調(diào)過去的動(dòng)作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，常與之連用的時(shí)間狀語為：already(已經(jīng)，肯定句);yet(還沒有,否定和疑問句);just;ever;recently，latey等。e.g.:Theworkhasalreadybeenfinished.工作已完成了。(結(jié)果是現(xiàn)在不用做這項(xiàng)工作了)Thedoctorhasn'tbeensentforyet.還沒有派人去請醫(yī)生。(現(xiàn)在應(yīng)派人去請醫(yī)生)Step3.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)的用法2.表示一個(gè)被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)開始于過去，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，并且有可能持續(xù)下去。常與之連用的時(shí)間狀語有：for+一段時(shí)間；since+過去的某個(gè)時(shí)間/時(shí)間狀語從句;sofar;upto/till/bynow;thesedays;overtime;over/induringthepast/recentyears.或用于“Howlong...？”句型中e.g.:Financialproblemsofthecompanyhavebeendiscussedfornearlytwohours.公司的財(cái)務(wù)問題已被討論了近兩個(gè)小時(shí)了。（可能繼續(xù)）Howlonghasthisfilmbeenshown?這部電影已放映多長時(shí)間了？Tips:

常與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用的時(shí)間狀語

(是否都用完成時(shí))already已經(jīng)

yet已經(jīng)recently/lately最近

sincethen從那時(shí)起eversince自那以來 ever曾經(jīng)sofar迄今為止 foralongtime很長一段時(shí)間bynow到現(xiàn)在為止

inrecentyears在最近幾年里in/during/overthepast/lastyears 在過去的幾年里for+時(shí)間段1.“for+一段時(shí)間”也可用于一般過去時(shí)態(tài)，表示動(dòng)作在過去已經(jīng)結(jié)束。IhavelivedinChinafor3years.2)IlivedinChinafor3years.到目前位置，我已在中國住了三年。

（三年前開始居住在中國）我曾經(jīng)在中國生活過三年。

（現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不在中國居住了。）2.since+過去的某個(gè)時(shí)間/過去意義的時(shí)間狀語從句3)IhaveworkedinthiscompanysinceIleftschool.

自從畢業(yè)離校以來，我就一直在這家公司工作。

4)IhavelivedheresinceIwasborn.我從出生起就住在這兒了。1)I'veknownhimsincethen.我從那時(shí)起就認(rèn)識他了。2)Sallyhasdoneherhomeworksince9:00a.m.

Sally從上午9點(diǎn)就做作業(yè)了Findandcorrectthemistakeineachsentence.1)ThisappwasusedseveraltimessinceIdownloadedit.

2)Howmuchmoneyhasspentontheearthquakerecovery?

3)Thegirlisreallyupsetbecausehernewbicyclehasstolen.

4)Theseoldhouseshavebeenbuiltinthe18thcentury.

5)It’sapitythattheletterhasneversenttohisfather.6)Littlehadbeenseenofthemsincetheymovedintothehousedownthestreet.

hasbeenusedhasbeenspenthasbeenstolenwerebuilthasneverbeensenthase.g:在你的作業(yè)沒完成(finish)之前你不應(yīng)該離開學(xué)校。Youshouldn'tleaveschoolbeforeyourhomeworkhasbeenfinished.人教版2019版高一unit3TheInternetgrammar【優(yōu)秀課件】3.用在時(shí)間或條件狀語從句中，表示將來某時(shí)已完成的動(dòng)作，也就是用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)替代將來完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。注意：這些情況下用被動(dòng)語態(tài)：1.強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者，即動(dòng)作的承受者是談話的中心。2.不知道或不必要或?yàn)榱宋?禮貌,不便說出動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者。3.當(dāng)動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者帶有較長的定語。Step4.注意1.與一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)的區(qū)別。一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)所表示的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)與現(xiàn)在的情況沒有聯(lián)系，而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)則強(qiáng)調(diào)與現(xiàn)在的情況有聯(lián)系。1.Theparkwasopenedtothepubliclastyear.去年這個(gè)公園向公眾開放。（說明動(dòng)作發(fā)生于過去）2.Theparkhasbeenopenedtothepublic.這個(gè)公園已向公眾開放。（說明動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去，但對現(xiàn)在有影響，即現(xiàn)在公園已經(jīng)向公眾開放了）2.非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，如borrow,finish,begin,start,buy,marry,open,join

等構(gòu)成的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)不能和一段時(shí)間狀語連用。若要表達(dá)相應(yīng)的意思，則要改換動(dòng)詞或時(shí)態(tài)工程已開始三個(gè)月了。Theprojecthasbeenstartedforthreemonths.Theprojecthasbeenonforthreemonths.3.帶有雙賓語的動(dòng)詞，如give,send,bring,take,teach,show,tell,make,sing,write,read,sell,buy,pay,lend,pass,promise等，變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，將間接賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，若將直接賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z時(shí)，間接賓語前面要用相應(yīng)的介詞短語。Thecompanyhasgivenhimachancetoworkabroadrecently.→Hehasbeengivenachancetoworkabroadrecently(bythecompany).→Achancetoworkabroadhasbeengiventohimrecently(bythecompany).4.帶有復(fù)合賓語的動(dòng)詞變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，只能將賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，賓補(bǔ)變?yōu)橹餮a(bǔ)。注意：原來省略to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)，被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)to要加回去。TheyheardhersinganEnglishsongattheparty.--ShewasheardtosinganEnglishsongattheparty.(1)Suchamanhashardlybeenbelieved.(2)Themachinehasalreadybeenrepaired.7.副詞的位置：often,usually,always,never,hardly,seldom等副詞置于have/has和been中間1.找時(shí)：找與現(xiàn)在完成相對應(yīng)的時(shí)間狀語；2.圈主：主語與動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系；3.定謂：確定謂動(dòng)形式：have/has(not)beendone。Step5.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)被動(dòng)語態(tài)的解題步驟一.單句語法填空1.Manynewbuildings_______________(build)inTangshansince1976.2.Thebikesinmyfamily_____________(use)for30years.3.Despitetheprevioustalks,noagreement__________________(reach)sofar.4.Thewaterintheriver_________________(pollute),whichmakesitsmellterrible.5.______thewindows____________(clean)?havebeenbuilthavebeenusedhasbeenpollutedbeencleanedhasbeenreachedHave1.We’vedonealotofworkonit,butwe_______________(finish)yet.2.Tom________________(work)inthelibraryeverynightoverthelastthreemonths.3.Morepublictransport_____________(build)inChina,makingiteasierforpeopletotravel.4.Progress_________(be)sofarverygoodandwearesurethattheworkwillbefinishedontime.havenotfinishedhasbeenworkinghasbeenbuilthasbeen高考鏈接5.Noagreement____________(reach)yesterdayaftermanyroundsoftalks.6.Despitethepreviousroundsoftalks,noagreement_______________(reach)sofarbythetwosides.7.I________________(show)aroundtheWaterCubeformanytimessinceitwasbuilt.8.Inrecentyearsmanysportsclubs

(run)tomakeaprofit.

9.IwanttobuythiskindofclothbecauseI

(tell)thattheclothwasheswell.

wasreachedhasbeenreachedhavebeenshownhavebeenrunhavebeentold10.Alotofdamage

(cause)byasnowstormwhichhitt